滇池盆地东缘白邑-横冲断裂南段的浅层地震勘探研究

本文用浅层地震反射波法对可能穿越昆明新城区东部第四系覆盖区的白邑-横冲断裂南段进行了探测,结果表明:采用浅层地震反射波法探测隐伏断层是有效的,在滇池盆地东缘,白邑-横冲断裂南段东支在隐伏区存在,断面接近直立,视倾角约80°,具有高倾角张性正断性质,基岩垂直错距为10—13m,断裂规模由北向南减小;同时,没有发现西支次级断层存在迹象。据土层测龄结果,东支断裂最新活动时代为第四纪中更新世晚期。     

基于钻探的芦花台隐伏断层晚第四纪活动特征

The Luhuatai fault is one of the important buried tectonics in the Yinchuan basin. Based on the results of shallow seismic exploration, we conducted composite drilling section exploration and dating of the samples from boreholes. Some useful data was obtained, such as the depth of the upper breaking point, the latest activity age, displacement in the late Quaternary, and slip rates, etc. This study shows that the activity is different between the north and south segment along the Luhuatai fault. The north segment is a Holocene fault, while the south segment is a late mid-Pleistocene fault. From north to south along the north segment of Luhuatai fault, the activity has been enhanced, and the faulting is stronger in late Pleistocene than Holocene.     

吉南太古宙岩群中的大型构造置换及其对BIF矿体的控制

以吉林省白山市板石沟铁矿区为典型实例,系统地论述了太古宙岩群中广泛发育的大型和区域性构造置换的几何特征和对BIF矿体的控制规律。本区构造置换主要表现为:在紧闭同斜褶皱发育的持续变形过程中形成S₁≈S₀,并伴有钩状褶皱、石香肠构造和各类型线理的生成。按照主构造面均匀性法则,划分了构造均匀区段,并对其中8个区段(Ⅰ～Ⅷ)进行了详细的SFLπ组构分析。基于构造置换规律研究,提出本区褶皱轴与包络线双向找矿的理论与方法,经工程验证,取得显著的经济效益。     

Micro- and macro-observations of liquefaction of saturated sand around buried structures in centrifuge shaking table tests

A novel experimental method was designed to study the micro-behavior of saturated sand around a buried structure in centrifuge shaking table tests under strong simulated earthquake loading, in addition to the traditional macro-measurements. One free field test was first carried out as a reference, followed by one test with a deep buried structure and one with a shallowly buried structure. During the tests with the buried structure, high quality pictures of moving sand around the structure were recorded by a newly developed image acquisition system. By analyzing the interesting pictures at reasonable intervals using an image analysis software, the evolutions of microstructural features were obtained such as the orientations of the long axes of particles, the orientations of contact normals between particles and the average contact number of the interesting group of particles. The results showed that the evolutions of the micro-features were consistent with those of the macro-measurements such as excess pore pressures and accelerations, which help illuminate the mechanism of sand liquefaction.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷布达特群潜山储集特征及控制因素

综合利用岩心、测井、录井和生产测试等资料,对海拉尔盆地布达特群潜山的储集特征进行了深入研究.结果表明：研究区潜山的储集类型可划分为溶蚀风化壳型和裂缝破碎带型2种基本类型,前者主要受古暴露期大气水淋滤作用的控制,溶蚀作用随与不整合面距离增大而减弱;裂缝破碎带型储层主要受断层性质的控制.古地貌恢复结果表明：贝尔凹陷布达特群在兴安岭群沉积之前具有东高西低的总趋势,与现今潜山顶面构造图比较,有占高今低、古今均高、古低今高和古今均低4种情形,前两种情况更有利于形成溶蚀风化壳型储层.布达特群潜山发育多期裂缝,裂缝发育程度和产状与断层有很好的相关性,通过钻井资料预测,苏德尔特潜山带为裂缝发育区.     

Buried channels provide keys to infer Quaternary stratigraphic and paleo-environmental changes:A case study from the west coast of India

High resolution shallow seismic data was acquired from inner continental shelf of Goa,west coast of India to map underlying stratigraphic and buried geomorphic features of shelf strata.Seismic data revealed characteristic channel incisions beneath 4-15 m thick sediment layer and corresponds to multi cycle incisions.Stratigraphic analysis of these incision signatures reveals three prominent subaerial unconformities S6,S7 and S9.These unconformities were exposed during the last glacial,penultimate glacial(MIS-6)and prior to penultimate glacial(MIS-8)periods.On the basis of interpreted age of subaerial unconformities and differences in their morphological features,observed channel incisions have been divided grossly into three phases of incision.Phase-1 incisions are older than ～330 kyr BP,whereas,incisions of Phase-2 and Phase-3 correspond to ～320-125 kyr BP and ～115-10 kyr BP respectively.Plan form of these incisions varied from a straight channel type to ingrown meander and then to anastomosing channel types.These channels meet at the confluence of present-day Mandovi and Zuari rivers.The confluence point has varied in due course of time because of cyclic incision and burial with repeated sea level fluctuations.The preserved main channel width varies from ～100 m to 1000 m.and maximum channel depth reaches up to ～35 m.Comparison of quantitative and qualitative morphologic results of different phases of incisions suggest that Phase-2 channels had ～33% more mean bank full discharge than that of the Phase-3 channels.Phase-2 incisions had been carved in higher hydraulic energy condition as compared to Phase-3 incisions implying that the Indian summer monsoon was better during formative stages of Phase-2 incisions.     

地震叠前深度偏移方法流程及应用

针对复杂介质的成像问题，提出了一套地震资料叠前深度偏移方法流程，主要包括三部分：（１）地震资料精细预处理；（２）速度－深度模型建立；（３）叠前深度偏移成像．以Ｋｉｒｃｈｈｏｆｆ偏移理论为基础，强调地质与地球物理的综合以及地震处理与解释的一体化．在ＺＸ地区成功地实现了二维地震资料叠前深度偏移，所获得的ＮＥ２０６叠前深度偏移剖面揭示了复杂的ＺＸ古潜山及其内部构造，并清楚地展示了逆掩断层的存在．     

滇东南那能金矿带之断裂控矿

根据那能金矿近年勘查及开发资料，发现该区金矿与近EW向断裂构造间存在极密切的成生联系，并在断裂控矿特征上有诸多具体表现。以矿区实际资料为主要依据，探讨断理解控矿模式，认为断裂控矿、矿体固定及矿床远景评价之间亦具有不可忽视的关联。结合在矿带（区）中实际运用断裂控矿规律，对那能金矿带作预测性远景评价。     

Buried glacier ice in southern Iceland and its wider significance

Geo-electrical resistivity surveys have been carried out at recently deglaciated sites in front of three glaciers in southern Iceland: Skeiðarájökull, Hrútárjökull, and Virkisjökull. The results show the presence of old glacier ice beneath debris mantles of various thickness. We conclude that buried glacier ice has survived for at least 50 years at Virkisjökull and Hrútárjökull, and probably for over 200 years at Skeiðarájökull. Additional data from a further site have identified a discontinuous ice core within 18th-century jökulhlaup deposits. Photographic and lichenometric evidence show that the overlying debris has been relatively stable, and hence melting of the ice at all four sites is proceeding slowly due to the heat-shielding properties of the overburden. The geomorphic implications are pertinent when considering the potential longevity of buried ice. The possible implications for dating techniques, such as lichenometry, radiocarbon dating and cosmogenic surface-exposure dating are also important, as long-term readjustments of surface forms may lead to dating inaccuracy. Finally, it is recognised that landscape development in areas of stagnant ice topography may post-date initial deglaciation by a considerable degree.     

地震断层作用对地下输油(气)管道破坏的分析

系统地回顾和分析了 1975年至今国内外关于在地震断层作用下埋地管道反应的研究结果 ,简述了其中几种有代表性的研究方法 ,并重点论述了这些分析方法使用的计算模型及由此得到的不同结论。由变形协调条件确定大变形段的长度 ,并采用了大变形段的应力 -应变模型 ,对断层错距较大的情况也能提供精确的计算结果。通过实例计算表明 ,该方法物理概念明确、结果简单而又能保证计算精度 ,易于推广应用。基于前面的分析结果提出了相应建议 ,供设计与施工部门参考