四川盆地北缘大巴山前陆构造中—新生代构造隆升史

大巴山前陆构造的抬升剥蚀与保存条件对其矿床和油气藏勘探潜力评价极为重要。应用磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学方法,通过研究大巴山前陆构造热演化史,恢复构造隆升过程,确定其中—新生代构造抬升剥蚀量,探讨大巴山前陆晚期构造隆升对矿床和油气资源的影响。结果表明:大巴山前陆构造在152Ma以前快速沉降,沉降速率平均高达150m·Ma-1,此后便长期处于隆升过程;136~152Ma时期为快速隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为56.3m·Ma-1,隆升量约为900m,是燕山运动导致秦岭造山期后的一次陆内挤压;70~136Ma时期为较缓慢隆升阶段,隆升速率平均为39.4m·Ma-1,隆升量约为2 600m,是秦岭造山晚期挤压的结果;0~70Ma时期的隆升速率为42.8m·Ma-1,持续时间较长,隆升幅度约3 000m,是喜马拉雅构造运动的结果。中生代构造隆升对本区低温热液矿体和油气保存极为不利;上新统以来(8Ma或5Ma),青藏高原快速隆升向东扩展的远程效应对大巴山前陆构造的影响不明显。     

关中盆地深部地下热水残存沉积水的同位素证据

应用环境同位素水文地球化学方法,结合区域沉积演化史,对关中盆地固市凹陷、咸阳-礼泉断阶和西安凹陷深部地下热水成因类型进行了探讨,并就残存沉积水存在的可能性,寻找氢氧同位素关系、硫氧同位素关系、碳氧同位素关系、N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)与古盐度的关系等环境同位素证据,rNa/rCl值、ρ(Cl-)/ρ(Br-)、rBr/rI值与ρ(Cl-)的关系等水文地球化学证据以及沉积演化史证据。结果表明:固市凹陷华阴地下热水的同位素、水文地球化学特征已基本符合沉积水的特征,推测其为混有古入渗水的残存沉积水;固市凹陷华阴之外的其他构造单元、咸阳—礼泉断阶和西安凹陷地下热水的同位素和水文地球化学特征部分接近沉积水的特征,部分介于古入渗水和沉积水之间;咸阳—礼泉断阶东部地下热水可能为古入渗水或残存沉积水与后期入渗水的混合;西安凹陷及咸阳—礼泉断阶西部地下热水属于现代入渗水与古入渗水的混合水。     

基于地理国情普查对开发冰雪丝绸之路旅游带的思考

黑龙江省第一次地理国情普查已全面展开,其目的是全面掌握黑龙江地理国情现状,系统掌握全省自然、人文地理要素的现状和空间分布情况。黑龙江省是资源大省,除煤、木、粮、油、机外,旅游资源也十分丰富。作为连接中原与黑龙江地区的水陆大通道,黑龙江冰雪丝绸之路比西北丝绸之路早了1000多年,且一直繁荣了几千年,存有大量的历史遗迹,但近百年来却鲜为人知。充分利用基于现代测绘地理信息技术获得的地理国情数据和信息,恢复和开辟黑龙江冰雪丝绸之路旅游带,对弘扬黑龙江历史文化,宣传黑龙江意义重大,功在当代,利在后世。     

从DNA角度认识中国黄牛的起源和利用历史

中国黄牛的起源及驯化一直是遗传学家和考古学家共同关注的热点问题.中国拥有丰富的牛种资源,仅中国地方黄牛品种就多达55个,境内及周边还分布着能与黄牛杂交的近缘野牛,这导致中国黄牛的遗传背景和形成历史非常复杂.利用DNA可以解析中国黄牛的起源和利用历史,通过Y染色体、线粒体和核基因组遗传标记已经从父系遗传、母系遗传和基因组...     

Beach Ridge Geomorphology at Cape Grinnell,northern Greenland: A Less Icy Arctic in the Mid-Holocene

Geografisk Tidsskrift—Danish Journal of Geography 110(2):337–355, 2010

In northern Greenland, the Cape Grinnell beach ridge plain offers a 9,000year multi-proxy record for isostatic recovery, storm history, and the hydrological changes related to precipitation and slope evolution. The chronology of uplifted beach ridges is constrained by ten geological 14C ages on shell and sea mammal bones and eleven upper limiting ages from archaeological sites that span the last 3,000 years. Beach ridges formed under the influence of open water storms with renewed frequency and intensity ca. 3 ka and 1 ka ago. A lack of shell may reflect cooler sea surface temperatures. The presence and absence of ice can be inferred by push-features. Three intervals of heightened precipitation produced extensive fan deltas: (a) after 9 ka BP (b) prior to 4.5 ka BP and (c) during the Little Ice Age (AD 1350–1900). Active solifluction lobes and colluvia cover beach ridge deposits that are between 9 and 7 ka old.     

A Review of “Putting “America” on the Map: The Story of the Most Important Graphic Document in the History of the United States”

Leinbach, Thomas R. and Brunn, Stanley D. (eds.) Worlds of E-Commerce: Economic, Geographical, and Social Dimensions

Calthorpe, Peter and Fulton, William The Regional City: Planning for the End of Sprawl

Furuseth, Owen J. and Lapping, Mark B. (eds.) Contested Countryside: The Rural-Urban Fringe in North America

Sharp, Joanne P. Condensing the Cold War: Reader's Digest and American Identity

Gleeson, Brendan and Low, Nicholas (eds.) Governing for the Environment: Global Problems, Ethics, and Democracy

Isenberg, Andrew The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750 – 1920

Albert, Donald P., Gesler, Wilbert M. and Levergood, Barbara (eds.) Spatial Analysis, GIS, and Remote Sensing Applications in the Health Sciences

Wright, Dawn J. and Bartlett, Darius J. (eds.) Marine and Coastal Geographical Information Systems

Jankowski, Piotr and Nyerges, Timothy Geographic Information Systems for Group Decision Making: Towards a Participatory Geographic Information Science

Gerber, Rod and Chuan, Goh Kim (eds.) Fieldwork in Geography: Reflections, Perspectives, and Actions

Craige, Betty Jean Eugene Odom: Ecosystem Ecologist and Environmentalist

Lowenthal, David George Perkins Marsh: Prophet of Conservation

Schroeder, Richard Shady Practices: Agroforestry and Gender Practices in The Gambia

Lovell, W. George A Beauty that Hurts: Life and Death in Guatemala

Lichtenberger, Elisabeth Austria: Society and Regions     

The beginning of geography didactics in Norway

At the end of the 19th century geography became a mandatory subject in primary and secondary schools in Norway. Geography was seen as a useful subject that contributed to the modernization of society, but also as a subject that strengthened the national ideology. A need for better education in geography arose and consequently some authors of geography textbooks wrote about teaching geography. In order to strengthen teachers’ education, geography was taught at university level, and to develop the subject it became necessary to relate it to other subjects, especially geology. The author shows that there are several similarities between the content of geography taught in Norwegian schools in the late 19th century and geography taught in schools today.     

Unpopular Archives

This article explores the “unpopular” archived life of Charles P. Daly, thirty-five-year president (1864–1899) of the New York–based American Geographical Society. This one-time highly prominent judge and civic leader popularized geography among professionals and the public alike. Daly's popular geography, along with his subsequent containment within the archives, suggests explanations for his dismissal among geographical audiences of today. It is a useful and necessary exercise to trace the neglect of Daly within histories of geography and recapture him for today's audiences, not only because of his influence on post–Civil War American geography but also because his story can shed light on how “disciplinary remembering” functions in geography.     

Book Reviews

Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest

Cook, Ian G; Doel, Marcus A. and Li, Rex (eds.) Fragmented Asia: Regional Integration and National Disintegration in Pacific Asia

Crush, Jonathan Power of Development

de Blij, H. J., and Muller, Peter O. Physical Geography of the Global Environment

Hayward, David J. International Trade and Regional Economies: The Impacts of European Integration on the United States

Kennedy, Michael The Global Positioning System and GIS: An Introduction

Lowe, Philip; Marsden, Terry and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Regulating Agriculture

Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Labour and Locality: Uneven Development and the Rural Labour Process

Marsden, Terry; Lowe, Philip and Whatmore, Sarah (eds) Rural Restructuring: Global Processes and Their Responses

Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Gender and Rurality

Whatmore, Sarah; Marsden, Terry and Lowe, Philip (eds) Rural Enterprise: Shifting Perspectives on Small-Scale Production

Martopo, Sugeng and Mitchell, Bruce (eds) Bali: Balancing Environment, Economy and Culture

Ould-Mey, Mohameden Global Restructuring and Peripheral States: The Carrot and the Stick in Mauritania

Redclift, Michael and Benton, Ted (eds) Social Theory and the Global Environment

Thomas–Slayter, Barbara and Rocheleau, Dianne Gender, Environment, and Development in Kenya: A Grassroots Perspective

Wallach, Bret Losing Asia: Modernization and the Culture of Development

Wennberg, John E. Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care

Wilson, David and Huff, James O. (eds) Marginalized Places and Populations: A Structurationist Agenda     

Population dynamics of mayflies in a constant temperature spring stream in West Carpathians

We examined the life history and secondary production of four Ephemeroptera species (Baetis alpinus Pictet, 1843–1845, Baetis rhodani Pictet, 1843–1845, Rhithrogena carpatoalpina Klonowska, Olechowska, Sartoriet & Weichselbaumer, 1987 and Habroleptoides confusa Sartori & Jacob, 1986) in a temperature stable cold spring stream at Prosiek valley (Cho?ské vrchy Mts., West Carpathians, Slovakia). We have found asynchronous bivoltine life cycle for the most abundant species B. alpinus with growth rate positively correlated to photoperiod length. R. carpatoalpina have shown unusual asynchronous univoltine life cycle and B. rhodani have shown uncommonly low abundance in mayfly community. Total secondary production of mayfly community was very low, reaching 1654.8 mg DW m^?2 y^?1. We suggest that the observed asynchrony in growth could be related to the lack of temperature control.