基质吸力变化引起的体积应变研究

与降雨有关的边坡表层变形位移,其根源是基质吸力降低引起的非饱和土体积应变。利用某滑坡体的原状样及其重塑样,分别在100kPa、200kPa围压作用下,采用单纯增加基质吸力的应力路径,对基质吸力引起的体积应变,进行试验测试。结果显示: (1)试样的体应变,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从对数函数关系;(2)围压由100kPa增加到200kPa的试样体积模量,随基质吸力的增大,单调增大,服从幂函数关系;(3)与基质吸力有关的体积变化系数,随基质吸力的增大,单调减小,服从幂函数关系;并且当基质吸力大于200kPa以后,随基质吸力增大,体积变化系数接近于常数,约为0.0059左右。在此基础上,本文针对这种由单纯基质吸力变化引起的非饱和土体积应变规律及机理,进行了探讨。     

Mineralogical characteristics of upper Jurassic Mikulov Marls,the Czech Republic,in relation to their thermal maturity

The Upper Jurassic Marls of Mikulov present a formation that is considered to be the most promising strata to produce hydrocarbons in the Vienna basin. The marls are composed of dark pelagic marlstones that frequently contain layers of limestone with thickness reaching several hundreds of meters. Twenty-seven core samples from selected wells located in the south-eastern portion of the Czech Republic representing depths ranging from 2300 to 4500 m were analyzed by x-ray diffraction to assess bulk mineralogy and the progress of smectite illitization.Bulk mineralogy of the Mikulov Marls comprises carbonates (mean value = 54.4 mass%), clay minerals (26.6 mass%), quartz (15.0 mass%), and feldspar (1.6 mean%). In the decreasing order, the clay mineral fraction is composed of illite/mica, kaolinite, illite-smectite, and chlorite. The amount of smectite in illite-smectite decreases with depth from 70% to 28%. There is a change from random to ordered interstratification at the depth of 3300 m. The transition from short-range ordering (R1) to long-range ordering (R3) occurs at depths greater than 4,500 m.There was a good correspondence between thermal maturity parameters: the percentage of smectite in illite-smectite structures and vitrinite reflectance as a parameter of organic matter. The increase of the metamorphic grade was compared in respect to the geothermal gradient with adjacent basins.     

陕北神木地区早、中侏罗世含煤岩系层序地层特征

以陕北神木地区1:5万区域地质调查成果资料为基础,运用层序地层学的理论和方法,系统分析与研究了该区中生代含煤岩系的层序地层特征、盆地充填样式,初步建立了该地区区域岩石地层模型。本文反映了该区层序地层学研究的新进展,对应用层序地层学理论进行成煤规律分析及成矿预测进行了有益的探索。     

填土引发的桩基负摩阻力问题及其灌浆处理技术

阐述了填土地基的沉降计算方法，分析了填土引发桩基负摩阻力的机理及危害，探讨了采用压力灌浆技术加固填土地基、消除桩基负摩阻力、控制桩基沉降的加固机理、施工工艺和应用效果。     

软土路基沉降与软土层厚度及填土高度的关系分析

本文就路基沉降观测资料进行深入分析,总结出路基沉降与软土层厚度及填土高度的关系和规律,并分析了原因,推导出计算路基沉降的公式,提出了判断填土速率快慢和填土高度变化大小的新方法。     

真空预压法在珠江流域某冲填土场地的应用

依托珠江流域某冲填土场地工程实例,介绍了真空预压法的施工参数及应用效果,另对“薄弱部位”泥浆搅拌桩密封墙处地层的强度进行了定量分析,结果表明真空预压法适用于此类场地,加固效果明显,但密封墙位置强度降幅较大,需采取换填等措施二次处理后才能使用,可为其他类似工程提供参考经验.     

钢管土钉结合压密注浆在深厚杂填土基坑中的应用

通过工程实例,介绍了一种在深厚杂填土基坑中运用钢管土钉结合压密注浆技术的围护方法,对钢管土钉及压密注浆的设计及施工作了详细说明。监测结果表明,该支护方法可以有效控制基坑变形,确保基坑及地下结构施工期的安全,为类似条件的基坑围护工程提供借鉴。     

NOAA WP-3D instrumentation and flight operations on AGASP-II

The second Arctic Gas and Aerosol Sampling Program (AGASP-II) was conducted across the non-Soviet Arctic in March and April 1986, to study the aerosol, gaseous, chemical, and optical properties of Arctic haze. One component of the program was supported with an instrumented NOAA WP-3D atmospheric research aircraft. Measurements of wind, temperature, ozone, water vapor, condensation nucleus concentration, and aerosol scattering extinction coefficient were used to determine the locations and properties of haze layers. The first three NOAA WP-3D research flights were conducted north of Barrow, Alaska, and over the Beaufort Sea northeast of Barter Island, Alaska. The next three sampled conditions in the high Arctic near Alert, Northwest Territories, Canada. All basic meteorological, gas, and aerosol systems are described. The WP-3D flight tracks and operations are presented.     

26Al and 10Be dating of late pleistocene and holocene fill terraces: a record of fluvial deposition and incision,Colorado front range

Cosmogenic ²⁶Al, ¹⁰Be, and ¹⁴C dating of fluvial fill terraces in steep canyons of the Colorado Front Range provides a temporal framework for analysing episodic aggradation and incision. Results from Boulder Canyon show that terrace heights above the modern channel (grade) can be divided into: (1) Bull Lake (≳100 ka; 20–15 m above grade); (2) Pinedale (32–10 ka; 15–4 m above grade); and (3) Holocene age (<4 m above grade). No pre‐Bull Lake deposits are preserved along Boulder Canyon, and only three small remnants >15 m above grade record Bull Lake deposition. Well‐preserved terraces of Pinedale age suggest that the range of terrace height above grade reflects short‐term fluctuations in the river profile during periods of rapidly changing stream load and power. Net river incision apparently occurred during transitions to interglacial periods. Soil development and stratigraphic position, along with limited cosmogenic and ¹⁴C dating, suggest that ∼130 ka terraces in Boulder Canyon correlate with the Louviers Alluvium, and that 32 to 10 ka fills in the canyon correlate with the Broadway Alluvium on the adjacent High Plains. Late Pleistocene incision rates (∼0·15 m ka⁻¹) along Boulder Canyon exceed pre‐late Pleistocene incision rates, and are higher than middle to late Pleistocene incision rates (∼0·04 m ka⁻¹) on the High Plains. This study provides an example of how modern geochronologic techniques allow us to understand better rivers that drain glaciated catchments. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Calculation Of The Height Of The Stable Boundary Layer In Practical Applications

Currently used and newly proposed calculation techniques for the heightof the stable boundary layer (SBL), including the bulk-Richardson-numbermethod, diagnostic equations for the equilibrium SBL height, and a relaxation-typeprognostic equation, are discussed from the point of view of their physical basis andrelevance to experimental data. Among diagnostic equations, the best fit to data exhibits an advanced Ekman-layer height model derived recently with due regard to the role of the free-flow stability. Its extension to non-steady regimes provides a prognostic equation recommended for use in practical applications.