Characterization of organic matter in marine sediments to estimate age offset of bulk radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating of Arctic marine sediment is often challenging due to the low availability of calcareous fossils. Consequently, bulk organic matter dating has at times been used to establish sediment core chronologies. Yet, radiocarbon dates based on bulk organic matter often appear to deviate vastly from dates based on fossils, mainly caused by input of allochthounous carbon, including terrigenous organic matter. In this study, we aim to examine the link between the composition of the bulk organic matter and the age offsets between the bulk radiocarbon dates and those obtained from calcareous foraminiferal tests. All samples are taken from the marine sediment core AMD14-204C from offshore Upernavik (eastern Baffin Bay). The radiocarbon dates for bulk organic matter are on average ∼3000 years older than the radiocarbon dates based on foraminifera, but with changing age offsets throughout the record. To investigate the cause of this age offset and its variations over time, we applied core scanning, X-ray Fluorescence analysis, stable isotopes, organic pyrolysis and microscopic organic petrology to examine the distribution and characterization of the organic matter. The results show that the older organic matter includes clastic input of reworked sedimentary rocks potentially originating from West Greenland and/or the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Changes in the input of contemporary marine algal produced organic matter versus both terrigenous input and reworked ancient organic matter appear to control the age offsets between the bulk and foraminifera dates. A low Hydrogen Index and low δ¹³C_org values together with a high Oxygen Index, indicative of high influence of terrigenous organic matter, seem to correspond to samples with the largest age offsets; 1000–2000 years greater than in other samples. To examine the cause of the variations in the age offsets, a new quantification of the autochthonous organic matter as a fraction of the TOC was calculated. This shows that samples with the largest age offsets contained the lowest fraction (as low as ∼12%) of autochthonous organic matter in the TOC.     

GIS空间数据拓扑运算在房产测绘中的应用及实现

房屋外半墙面积是房屋分摊面积的重要组成部分,其精度高低直接影响房产测绘成果数据的实用性。该文以自主开发的房产测绘软件平台作为依托,依据GIS空间数据拓扑运算对房产测绘中的相关数据进行处理,设计出一种仅由矢量数据参与空间数据拓扑运算的技术路线,巧妙地规避了房屋外半墙面积计算中的一般性及特殊性问题,提高了工作效率,节省了作业时间,更重要的是提高了面积测算精度,取得了良好的运算效果。     

沿海厚吹填土地层桩基缩径的控制研究

根据现场桩基成孔缩径情况和成孔检测资料,并依据工程勘察报告技术参数,分析了沿海厚吹填土地层钻孔灌注桩缩径原因,以及缩径时间与缩径量之间的对应关系,提出了解决厚层吹填土缩径的方法,一是通过添加膨润土或添加剂,增加泥浆的密度等技术指标,以改善泥浆的固壁性能;另外扩径是另一行之有效的手段,准确控制扩径量尤为重要。通过现场成孔试验及施工资料,比对分析缩径量与时间的对应关系,找出缩径规律,相对准确地得出需要扩径量,为实际工程施工提供参考依据。     

一种空间分布模式驱动的空间索引

支持批量操作的空间索引中,空间数据的分解粒度、局部更新操作的整体影响处理是两个主要难点。本文基于空间分布模式分析,提出了一种空间索引——Pattern-tree。针对批量操作的粒度问题,设计了一种基于空间分布模式探测的空间划分方法,采用一种自上而下与自下而上相结合的索引树构建算法;针对局部插入操作对索引树的整体影响与索引树的调整问题,提出了一种基于空间分布模式变化检测的索引更新方法。试验表明,本文所提出的空间索引结构比STLT、GBI以及SCB等方法具有更高的构建与窗口查询效率。     

文本视图显示及信息拖动换行技术

在文本视窗领域,数据是实时变化、实时更新的,需要经常对外部设备采集到的数据进行查看、操作。本文采用了更好的文本视图显示方式,并且对信息拖动换行技术进行了研究;使文本视图在数据不断更新的情况下,使数据视图操作成为可能。基于最新的VC窗口显示机制,实现了数据的拖动换行等操作。使重要信息可以突出标识,文本数据观察变得简洁、醒目,可操作性强,在文本数据视图的显示方面,取得了良好的效果。     

Relationships between high‐magnitude relative sea‐level changes and filling of a coarse‐grained submarine canyon (Pleistocene,Ionian Calabria,Southern Italy)

A middle Pleistocene coarse‐grained canyon fill succession (the Serra Mulara Formation) crops out in the northern sector of the Crotone Basin, a forearc basin located on the Ionian side of the Calabrian Arc and active from the Serravallian to middle Pleistocene. This succession is an example of coarse‐grained submarine canyon fill, which consists of a north‐west to south‐east elongated body (4·25 km long and up to 1·5 km wide) laterally confined by a deep‐water clayey and silty succession and located behind the modern Neto delta (north of Crotone). The thickness of the unit reaches 178 m. The lower part of the canyon fill is dominated by gravelly to sandy density‐flow deposits containing abundant bivalve and gastropod fragments, passing upward into a succession composed of metre‐scale to decimetre‐scale density‐flow deposits forming sandstone–mudstone couplets. Sandstone deposits are mostly structureless and planar‐laminated, whereas the clayey layers record hemipelagic deposition during quieter phases. This succession is overlain by another composed of thicker structureless sandstones alternating with layers of interlaminated mudstones and sandstones, which contain leaf remnants and fresh water ostracods, and are linked directly to river floods. The canyon fill is overlain by gravelly to sandy continental deposits recording a later stage of emergence. Facies analysis, together with micropalaeontological data from the hemipelagic units, suggests that the studied canyon fill records, firstly, a progressive gravel material cut‐off during deposition due to an overall relative sea‐level rise, leading to a progressive increase in the entrapment of sediment in fluvial to shallow‐marine systems, and secondly, a generalized relative sea‐level lowering. This trend probably reflects high‐magnitude glacio‐eustatic changes combined with the regional uplift of the region, ultimately leading to emergence.     

陕焦化甲醇生产项目雷击风险评估

为了使人工增雨更有针对性,需要在作业方案制定阶段就对未来影响天气系统有一个明确的判断,需要总结出一套适合山西省进行人工增雨作业的天气概念模型。为此,普查了1991年-2000年欧亚范围高空及地面天气图,筛选出影响山西省并产生降水的天气系统,加以分析归纳,建立了4种有利于山西省人工增雨作业的天气概念模型,即西风槽型、东北冷涡型、切变线型及副高型,并分别给出了未来12h～24h影响山西省的警戒区及最佳人工增雨作业区。     

阿尔金断裂带西段莫勒切河河口阶地的构造及气候意义

通过对阿尔金断裂带西段莫勒切河河口附近卫星影像解译、野外调查测量及地貌面样品年龄测定,利用宽谷阶地、堆积阶地获取构造隆升速率、构造变形方式及加积速率,并结合区域气候资料探讨该区阶地发育对气候变化的响应.莫勒切河出山口发育4级阶地(T<‘4>,T<‘3>,T<‘2>,T<‘1>),其中T<‘4>、T<‘3>为宽谷阶地,T...     

堆载预压下天津滨海吹填土的固结特性

吹填造陆已成为沿海地区解决土地匮乏的有效方法。为使吹填土迅速排水固结以缩短工期,以天津滨海新区的吹填土为研究对象,在无外力自重固结下,通过静水沉降以及室内试验等方法研究吹填土的基本性质和沉降特征,并对固结度、沉降速率进行定量分析,评价吹填土的固结程度,得出天津吹填土的固结和沉降特性。结果表明: 等幅水头逐级加压在一定程度上有效地抑制了低渗透性土体即“泥皮”的形成; 当水头高度为45 cm 时,土体固结度接近100%; 距离排水管越近,固结情况愈好; 堆积荷载增大,渗流速率变小,土体趋向固结。     

真空预压法加固吹填土的模型箱试验

大连大窑湾三期工程所处理的土体为含水率＞ 120% 的超软土。为研究超软土的处理方法,采用袋装沙井、滤膜等效孔径80 ～ 100 μm 和孔径＜ 75 μm 的3 种排水体,0. 4 m 及0. 8 m 的2 种排水间距,共计6 个试验箱进行真空预压法试验研究。通过对表面沉降形态进行沉降优化计算,采用3 种模型进行沉降预测,结合监测与计算结果,认为排水体间距为0. 4 m、等效孔径≤75 μm 的国产B 型排水板效果最佳。