陇中黄土高原植被覆盖和裸露下垫面地表通量和总体输送系数研究

通过对陇中黄土高原地区地表观测资料的分析,研究了该地区地表能量收支各项的平均日变化、小麦不同生长阶段的热通量日变化、总体输送系数平均日变化及其与稳定度的关系。结果表明:该地区白天潜热通量在净辐射通量的分配中所占的份额最大,其次为感热通量,土壤热通量最小;随着小麦的生长,潜热通量在净辐射通量的分配中所占的份额增加,感热通量则呈下降趋势,波文比呈下降趋势;在10m高度处,在小麦地动量总体输送系数Cd的平均值为6.03×10-3,感热总体输送系数Ch的平均值为3.40×10-3;在裸地,动量总体输送系数Cd的平均值为5.18×10-3,感热总体输送系数Ch的平均值为4.08×10-3。在同一观测高度上,Cd小麦>Cd裸地,Ch小麦相似文献   

软土地基上高填方刚性涵洞地基承载力分析

山区沟谷软土地基上高填方刚性涵洞的应用较为广泛,然而,现有的计算理论对该类条件下涵洞地基承载力的认识还不够充分,对地基承载力提出过高的要求,反而为结构带来了不利影响。通过数值模拟和试验手段对涵洞的地基承载力进行深入分析。探讨基础埋深、宽度及软土固结对涵洞地基承载力的影响。研究表明,当基础埋深系数 5时,涵洞地基承载力特征值随着基础埋深的增大近似线性增加,当 5时,基础埋深对地基承载力特征值影响逐渐减小;但基础宽度对软土地基上刚性涵洞地基承载力特征值的影响甚小,实际工程中可不予考虑。此外,试验结果表明,固结度和固结压力对软土的黏聚力和内摩擦角有复合影响,固结度较大时,黏聚力和内摩擦角随固结压力的增大而明显增大。固结度和固结压力对内摩擦角的影响比对黏聚力的影响要大。高填方涵洞地基极限承载力随着软土固结度的增大而提高,当固结度达到90%时,地基极限承载力通常可提高36%以上;地基极限承载力随固结压力的增加呈非线性增大,其提高的幅度逐渐减小。     

浅议上游法细粒尾矿堆坝问题

上游法细粒尾矿堆坝是尾矿处理技术遇到的难题之一。本文对细粒尾矿堆坝的不利条件进行了分析，通过和一般砂性尾矿堆坝条件的对比，讨论了二者在沉积滩形态、坝体剖面结构及土层力学性状等方面的差异对尾矿坝稳定性的影响。并就如何解决这一辣手问题提出了一些看法。     

矢量数据综合规则表达与实现方法——以土地利用数据综合为例

一库多用是GIS处理海量数据的有效方式。一库多用要求GIS能够从大比例尺数据生成小比例尺数据,这就要求GIS具备数据自动综合功能。GIS数据综合的关键是建立规则库,实现不同用户对规则库的自定义,以提高系统GIS数据自动综合的的通用性。GIS数据自动综合是计算机遵循的一定规则,对各个记录进行一一处理的过程。本研究基于产生式知识规则表达方式,提出"预存储规则"的实现方法。首先,最大量地收集与某一专题相关的所有知识规则,建立专题规则库;然后,根据相应的需求,在该专题规则库的基础上,通过用户接口定义不同应用规则库。该方法在一定程度上实现了程序与规则的分离和规则库的自定义。最后,给出了原型实验系统。     

结构性吹填软土流变等时曲线研究

软土普遍存在结构性,结构性影响土体各种力学行为。对天津滨海新区结构性吹填软土进行三轴流变试验,通过对比分析原状土与重塑土流变等时曲线发现,结构性吹填软土流变等时曲线可分离为线性粘弹性变形、线性粘塑性变形与非线性粘塑性变形。在应力小于结构屈服应力时,流变等时曲线线刚度大;超过结构屈服应力时,伴随着土结构的破损,流变等时曲线线刚度逐渐减小,最终趋于一定值,与重塑土接近。结构性对流变等时曲线的影响主要集中在线弹性阶段,进入塑性阶段后影响较小。     

吹填软土结构强度形成的灰色关联分析

本文以天津滨海新区吹填软土为研究对象,通过对试验土样施加不同的围压、偏压、排水条件,使吹填土样在不同因素综合作用下形成一定的结构强度,进而对结构强度的增长进行灰色关联分析。结果表明:吹填软土结构强度的增长是多因素综合作用的结果,排水条件是最关键的影响因素,对于初始结构强度较弱的吹填软土围压对其结构强度增长影响要大于偏压的影响,而对于初始结构强度较强的吹填软土偏压对其结构强度增长影响要大于围压的影响。     

Seasonal variability of air-sea fluxes in two contrasting basins of the North Indian Ocean

Latent Heat Flux (LHF) and Sensible Heat Flux (SHF) are the two important parameters in air-sea interactions and hence have significant implications for any coupled ocean-atmospheric model. These two fluxes are conventionally computed from met-ocean parameters using bulk aerodynamic formulations; or the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk flux algorithms. Here COARE 3.5 algorithm is used to estimate the heat flux from two Ocean Moored Buoy Network for northern Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoy met-ocean observations in Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The AS and BoB are two ocean basins which are situated in same latitudinal range, but experience drastically differing in their met-ocean conditions, especially during the monsoon seasons. In this study, we have computed and compared the LHF and SHF at two different buoy locations in the AS and BoB and analysed their variability during three different seasons from November 2012 to September 2013. Additionally, 20 years (1998–2017) of Objectively Analysed (OA) Flux data sets collocated with the OMNI buoy locations were also utilised to the analyse the long period seasonal variabilities. The flux terms show strong seasonal variability with several peaks during the monsoon seasons in both the ocean basins. LHF varies directly with wind speed (WS) and inversely with relative humidity (RH). The correlation of LHF with WS is greater than 0.7 and RH is nearly -0.6 with few exceptions during pre-monsoon season in the AS and southwest monsoon in the BoB. However, SHF is less correlated with WS (∼0.3 to 0.5). The difference of sea surface temperature and air temperature (denoted as SST-AT) plays a significant role in determining SHF with a correlation greater than 0.6 in both the basins.     

Numerical prediction of gas migration properties in Callovo‐Oxfordian (COx) argillite using morpho‐mathematical operations

The feasibility study of long‐term radioactive waste storage in low‐permeable rocks has been performed by considering various damage and failure scenarios. This study aims at the numerical investigation of gas (mainly produced by corrosion of metallic parts) migration properties through the low‐permeable formation of Callovo‐Oxfordian argillite. Traditional methods, based on macroscopic approaches or homogeneous transport properties, are inappropriate to analyze this issue at the mesoscopic/microscopic scale. In this study, realistic porous space morphologies are constructed through union of excursions of random fields considering different experimental pore size distributions. Afterwards, purely geometric analysis of pore space is conducted by morpho‐mathematical operations for the purpose of the extraction of preferential gas transport pathways and the prediction of the gas entry pressure, the gas breakthrough pressure, and the following imbibition process.     

基于降雨滑坡机理的水文过程监测系统设计

本文在简要回顾前人降雨滑坡水文过程研究的基础上,针对深圳市某一填土滑坡,设计了降雨诱发滑坡的水文过程全自动监测系统,可以用来监测滑坡点的降雨特征、饱和-非饱和入渗过程、自由水渗流过程及微承压水渗流过程等降雨条件下斜坡的水文响应过程。该监测系统的提出在降雨条件下微承压水渗流过程的监测方法,体现了基于降雨滑坡水文过程的监测设计思想,不仅有助于降雨滑坡水文作用机理的研究,还给相关工作提供了有益的借鉴意义。     

振冲碎石桩在杂填土地基中的应用

介绍了某工程应用振冲碎石桩在堆积时间较短的杂填土地基中的处理情况,尤其是对承载力特征值要求较高的杂填土地基提出了经济、合理的处理方法。