地质雷达与静力触探方法在公路路基填方检测中的综合应用

阐述地质雷达和静力触探原位测试技术的基本原理,并通过实例,介绍了具体检测方法及在公路路基填方量检测中的应用效果.     

开山石填海挤淤区非均匀软弱地基的治理

对开山石填海挤淤形成的非均匀软弱地基进行处理时，由于工程性质很差、厚度较大、沉降固结历时较长且数值较大的淤泥层位于开山石回填层之下，地基处理比较困难。本文介绍了一个经济、合理的地基处理方法，对沿海地区大量存在的同类工程具有参考价值。     

Stress–Strain Behaviour of Flowable Fill

Flowable fill is a self-levelling and self-compacting, cementitious material which is primarily used as a backfill. It is a mixture of fine aggregates, small amount of cement, water and a by-product material. In this present experimental study, three industrial by-products namely fly ash, rice husk ash and quarry dust were used as constituent materials in flowable fill. Mix proportions were developed for different combination of these industrial by-products, in addition to small amount of cement content. The main objective of the present investigation is to study the stress–strain behaviour of these mixes, namely unconfined compressive strength (UCS), strain corresponding to peak stress, strain corresponding to fracture and modulus of elasticity. In addition, several mixes were tested for few other properties such as flowability, density, water-absorption and volume changes. The range of strengths, strains and moduli of elasticity obtained for these flowable fill mixtures represents different types of clay soils ranging from soft clays to very stiff clays. Thus, industrial by-products such as fly ash, rice husk ash and quarry dust can be beneficially added in flowable fill that offers comparable strengths to soils used for conventional fills and many other low-strength applications.     

高含水率淤泥生石灰材料化土击实方法初探

为了击实高含水率淤泥生石灰材料化土,通过改进标准击实仪,设计了4种不同击实冲量的击实情形,对不同掺灰比的材料化土在不同闷料期进行击实试验,分析了击实冲量及击实功与淤泥生石灰材料化土干密度的关系,提出了材料化土的击实方法及击实评价方法。建议根据材料化土的含水比 选择击实冲量适宜的击实方法,通过土的干密度随击次变化规律判断材料化土是否击实。特别从工程角度出发,测试了击实材料化土不同龄期的无侧限抗压强度,初步探讨了高含水率疏浚淤泥生石灰材料化土作为工程填料的可行性。     

Geo-Neutrinos: A Systematic Approach to Uncertainties and Correlations

Geo-neutrinos emitted by heat-producing elements (U, Th and K) represent a unique probe of the Earth interior. The characterization of their fluxes is subject, however, to rather large and highly correlated uncertainties. The geochemical covariance of the U, Th and K abundances in various Earth reservoirs induces positive correlations among the associated geo-neutrino fluxes, and between these and the radiogenic heat. Mass-balance constraints in the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) tend instead to anti-correlate the radiogenic element abundances in complementary reservoirs. Experimental geo-neutrino observables may be further (anti)correlated by instrumental effects. In this context, we propose a systematic approach to covariance matrices, based on the fact that all the relevant geo-neutrino observables and constraints can be expressed as linear functions of the U, Th and K abundances in the Earth’s reservoirs (with relatively well-known coefficients). We briefly discuss here the construction of a tentative “geo-neutrino source model” (GNSM) for the U, Th, and K abundances in the main Earth reservoirs, based on selected geophysical and geochemical data and models (when available), on plausible hypotheses (when possible), and admittedly on arbitrary assumptions (when unavoidable). We use then the GNSM to make predictions about several experiments (“forward approach”), and to show how future data can constrain a posteriori the error matrix of the model itself (“backward approach”). The method may provide a useful statistical framework for evaluating the impact and the global consistency of prospective geo-neutrino measurements and Earth models.     

注浆技术在城镇建设和整治中的应用

在城镇建设和整治中采用注浆技术，可以改良地层土的物理力学性能；在地层中造成固结体；可加固、顶升、纠偏因基础沉降而倾斜的建筑物；还可充填有大型裂隙和洞穴的地层或地下工程壁后空隙。以实例介绍了注浆技术及其在工程中发挥的作用。     

求取岩石基质体积模量的线形拟合方法(英文)

岩石基质的体积模量或其倒数--压缩系数,在进行油气预测的流体替换和孔隙度反演时,是重要的输入参数,但是利用现有方法很难准确求得。文中提出了一种求取该参数的线形拟合方法,该方法通过对Gassmann方程的合理简化并引入Eshelby-Walsh干燥岩石椭球包体近似公式,获得了计算岩石基质压缩系数的拟合公式,可方便地利用公式计算该参数。实际碳酸盐岩岩样的岩石物理测试分析显示:利用饱和岩样和干燥岩样测得的基质压缩系数的差异小于1%,说明所求参数是正确的,可靠的。     

Estimation of shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using artificial blasting test

The objective of this study is to estimate the shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using the vibration generated from artificial blasting events, and to verify its applicability. In this study, near-field artificial blast testing and monitoring were carried out at the Seongdeok dam, Korea, as the first blasting tests to be carried out on an existing dam in Korea. Vibrations were induced by four different types of blasting, using various explosive charge weights and depths of blasting bore-holes. During the tests, acceleration time histories were measured at the rock outcrop adjacent to the point of the explosion, and at the crest of the dam. The fundamental frequency of the target dam was computed from the frequency analysis of measured acceleration histories. Numerical analyses were carried out, varying the shear modulus of the earth fill zone and using the acceleration histories measured at the rock outcrop as input ground motions. From a comparison between the fundamental frequencies calculated by numerical analyses and those of measured records, the shear wave velocities with depth, which are closely related to shear moduli, could be estimated. It is found that the effect of different blasting types on shear wave velocity estimation for the target dam materials is negligible, and that shear wave velocity can be consistently evaluated. Furthermore, by comparing the evaluated shear wave velocity with empirical formulae from previous research, the applicability of the method was verified. Therefore, in cases of mid-to-small earth dams, where the earthquake record is not available, the shear wave velocity of earth fill materials can be reasonably evaluated using blasting vibration records obtained at the site adjacent to the dam.     

吹填土强夯加排水地基处理的数值分析与应用

强夯加排水地基处理方法是近年来发展的一种地基处理技术,在吹填土地基处理方面得到了广泛应用。根据强夯能量耗散分析与土体密实机制,基于冲击荷载作用下孔隙水压力的发展模式,建立了强夯加排水地基处理的数值分析模型,并采用有限差分法进行了求解。采用编写的数值程序分析了强夯过程中超孔隙水压力的发展与土体密实效果,以及土体渗透系数、单击时间间隔以及砂井间距等对加固效果的影响,讨论了“重锤少夯”和“轻锤多夯”的差异,并与工程实例进行了比较。研究结果表明,建立的数值模型可以模拟强夯加排水地基处理的施工过程,较好地反映强夯过程中孔隙水压力的发展变化规律和加固效果。排水措施的设置有利于超孔隙水压力消散和加固深部土体,进而提高土体加固效果和缩短工期。最后,根据数值分析结果,提出了强夯加排水地基处理的合理设计建议。     

隐伏逆冲断层上填方路基加固措施与变形破坏模式探究

试验路基以云贵铁路某填方路基为原型,试验路堤底部宽L=60 cm,路堤顶部宽l=10 cm,路堤高h=15 cm,采用室内模型试验研究了4组减震措施在逆冲断层作用下填方路基的变形响应。第1组是把路堤直接坐落在地基上,这组试验也是一组基本试验,其他试验组的试验结果可与该组试验结果进行对比;第2组是在路堤底部铺设一层土工格栅;第3组是在路堤中部和底部各铺设一层土工格栅;第4组是在路堤底部黏土层中打入预制的CFG桩,同时在路堤底部和中部各铺设一层土工格栅。试验中利用分离式位移计和百分表记录路堤的变形数据,通过对数据的处理分析研究路堤在不同加固措施下的变形破坏模式,研究结果表明：（1）在4组模型中,路基破坏主要是路堤本身产生了斜45°的裂缝;（2）在底部基岩错动量小于路堤高度13.6%时,路堤中加入两层土工格栅达到的减震效果最佳;当基岩错动量在路堤高度13.6%～20.5%之间时,CFG桩与路堤中加入两层土工格栅的减震措施最有效;（3）随着减震措施的加强,断层位移在地层中传播的角度变缓,影响范围加长,产生的震害程度降低了。研究结果对工程实践具有重要的指导意义。