Tectonic controls on spatio-temporal development of depositional systems and generation of fining-upward basin fills in a strike-slip setting: Kyokpori Formation (Cretaceous), south-west Korea

Abstract The Kyokpori Formation (Cretaceous), south‐west Korea, represents a small‐scale lacustrine strike‐slip basin and consists of an ≈ 290 m thick siliciclastic succession with abundant volcaniclasts. The succession can be organized into eight facies associations representing distinctive depositional environments: (I) subaqueous talus; (II) delta plain; (III) steep‐gradient large‐scale delta slope; (IV) base of delta slope to prodelta; (V) small‐scale nested Gilbert‐type delta; (VI) small‐scale delta‐lobe system; (VII) subaqueous fan; and (VIII) basin plain. Facies associations I, III and IV together constitute a large‐scale steep‐sloped delta system. Correlation of the sedimentary succession indicates that the formation comprises two depositional sequences: the lower coarsening‐ to fining‐upward succession (up to 215 m thick) and the upper fining‐upward succession (up to 75 m thick). Based on facies distribution, architecture and correlation of depositional sequences, three stages of basin evolution are reconstructed. Stage 1 is represented by thick coarse‐grained deposits in the lower succession that form subaqueous breccia talus and steep‐sloped gravelly delta systems along the northern and southern basin margins, respectively, and a sandy subaqueous fan system inside the basin, abutting against a basement high. This asymmetric facies distribution suggests a half‐graben structure for the basin, and the thick accumulation of coarse‐grained deposits most likely reflects rapid subsidence of the basin floor during the transtensional opening of the basin. Stage 2 is marked by sandy black shale deposits in the upper part of the lower succession. The black shale is readily correlated across the basin margins, indicating a basinwide transgression probably resulting from large‐scale dip slip suppressing the lateral slip component on basin‐bounding faults. Stage 3 is characterized by gravelly delta‐lobe deposits in the upper succession that are smaller in dimension and located more basinward than the deposits of marginal systems of the lower succession. This lakeward shift of depocentre suggests a loss of accommodation in the basin margins and quiescence of fault movements. This basin evolution model suggests that the rate of dip‐slip displacement on basin‐margin faults can be regarded as the prime control for determining stacking patterns of such basin fills. The resultant basinwide fining‐upward sequences deviate from the coarsening‐upward cycles of other transtensional basins and reveal the variety of stratigraphic architecture in strike‐slip basins controlled by the changes in relative sense and magnitude of fault movements at the basin margins.     

灰土碎石振动挤密桩在杂填土地区的地基处理施工方法和作用

在新近杂填土上建厂，因杂填土松散、厚度大、基岩埋深大，若采用基岩作天然地基即用人工挖孔桩或机械成孔灌注桩，则很不经济，施工也存在安全隐患，易坍孔，且工期长。经过比较，采用灰土碎石挤密桩对杂填土进行处理后，作复合地基，施工易于操作并极大的缩短了工期，取得了良好的效果。     

The effects of survey frequency on estimates of scour and fill in a braided river model

An erratum has been published for this article in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27(7) 2002, 795. Estimates of scour and fill in rivers that are derived by differencing topographic surfaces are known to be negatively biased by local compensation of scour and fill between surveys but the magnitude of bias is not well known. This study examines the effect of survey frequency on volumes of scour and fill over a period of active channel braiding in a small‐scale river model. A 100 min, high temporal resolution time series of digital elevation models is artificially coarsened by selectively removing models. The resulting four overlapping time series have survey intervals of 10 min, 20 min, 50 min and 100 min. Cumulative scour and fill volumes for the 100 min period are compared between the four series. It is concluded that the decay in measured volumes of scour and fill with increased survey interval can be described using inverse functions. Cumulative scour–fill volumes are approximately 420 per cent greater over the study period for 10 min survey intervals than for a 100 min interval. After the 100 min period of competent flow, nearly 65 per cent of the channel area experienced significant compensation of scour and fill. Several compensation mechanisms were identified in association with braided channel kinetics, including lateral channel migration, the migration of bed forms, and channel avulsion. It is demonstrated that by negatively biasing scour, fill and net estimates, this error significantly affects morphological approaches to the estimation of bed load sediment transport. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

准噶尔盆地北部古近系挤压推覆构造与沉积耦合分析

通过对准噶尔盆地北部古近系沉积充填特征及古近纪-新近纪挤压推覆构造的分析，初步确定了准噶尔盆地北缘同沉积挤压推覆作用下构造与沉积的联系，讨论了的挤压背景下后生轴成矿的问题，并试图确定古近系沉积和准噶尔盆地北缘逆冲挤压断裂带的时空对应关系。     

沉积盆地充填过程的计算机模拟研究

利用计算机模拟沉积盆地的充填过程可加深对控制沉积层序发育的各种参数的认识,还可检验并预测沉积地层、沉积相和沉积体系的分布和配置规律。盆地充填的模拟方法可分为参控模拟和过程模拟,前者使用经验参数控制模拟行为,基本上是对地层几何形态的模拟,后者根据沉积作用的物理规律进行模拟,是一种更为逼近客观世界的方法．所用参数在不同尺度和不同类型的模型中不同,但海平面变化、构造沉降史、沉积物供给、沉积盆地的初始几何形态以及沉积物压实与均衡沉降等参数普遍使用．一维碳酸盐岩模拟模型已较成熟,二维模拟已得到广泛的应用,三维模拟将成为主要手段．模拟将建立在更为坚实的物理定律基础上．并将进一步考虑盆地内流体的流动和热史等．本文最后介绍Ｓｔａｎｆｏｒｄ大学的三维沉积过程模拟软件ＳＥＤＳＩＭ及其应用实例。     

机场高填方蠕变沉降的数值反演预测

将考虑时间效应UH模型编写用户材料子程序（UMAT）并嵌入到有限元软件ABAQUS中,再结合多岛遗传算法搭建了数值反演平台。在实际工程中降雨、融雪和临时堆载等因素都会扰乱常态蠕变的沉降规律,使得沉降加快形成突变沉降,进而影响数值反演的预测结果。通过引入非常态蠕变概念并分析突变期间沉降加速的机制,提出了考虑非常态蠕变的反演预测方法。此外,当填方体缺乏分区依据且以多个监测点的沉降数据作为反演目标时,引入了反演参数的分布函数来代替几何模型的分区。并在此基础上进一步考虑沉降突变期间的非常态蠕变影响,进而提出多监测点下考虑非常态蠕变的沉降预测方法。最后,通过河北省承德机场高填方含有沉降突变的监测数据,验证了多监测点数据下考虑非常态蠕变的数值反演的准确性和实用性。     

三维地图服务系统的研究与实现

提出并建立一个基于融合地形影像、高程、模型、矢量等数据场景的三维地图服务系统,提供三维基本功能、二三维联动以及数据共享管理等服务。本文主要研究三维地图服务系统的具体划分和实现方式,不仅实现各类三维数据的统一调用,而且更直观、快捷地为三维应用系统提供服务接口,高效地构建三维地理信息服务平台。     

路基填方材料配合比与施工质量控制研究

本文提出我国北方含水量高的低洼地段公路工程中路基填方铺设方法,重点研究了材料配合比不确定、工程地质条件复杂、充填施工质量不易控制等问题,进行二灰土击实与压缩性能的试验研究,得出了石灰、粉煤灰和土3种充填材料的配合比,并针对工程特点,提出了确保施工质量的措施。室内试验及现场施工均取得了较满意的结果,该研究为公路路基填方提供了可借鉴的经验。