上部地壳的流体作用与大理岩的低温塑性

本文应用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜和阴极发光显微镜系统研究了Ｗａｔｅｒｂｅｒｇ断层带（纳米比亚）内粗晶大理岩中发育的构造岩,宏观碎裂结构与微观糜棱装结构是断层构造岩的主要特点。巨大的孪形碎屑与弥漫的细小粒质形成了鲜明的反差,广泛发育的压溶颖合线与多阶段方解石细脉遍布构造带不同部位,ＴＥＭ亚微粒粒度具有简单的峰值分布（～０．３～０．４μｍ）,但动态重结晶颗粒的粒度却具有较大的变化范围（０．１～３．０     

地壳岩石变形行为的转变及其温压条件

岩石脆延性转化 (brittle ductiletransition)和脆塑性转化 (brittle plastictransition)是不同的概念。脆延性转化指从岩石的局部变形破坏到宏观均匀流动变形的转化 ,它与宏观结构和力学行为的变化相关。脆塑性转化指脆性向晶体塑性变形的转化 ,它与力学行为和微观机制的变化相关。通过地壳中最主要的石英、长石的实验室和野外变形温压条件对比发现 ,达到相同的变形特征 ,在实验室和野外所需温压条件不同。建立变形机制图使解决这一矛盾成为可能。但受实验资料的限制 ,目前几种主要岩石的变形机制图还无法建立。因此 ,通过对实验与自然环境下变形特征及微观机制对比 ,找出两者温压条件的差别 ,就成为将实验研究结果外推解决实际地质问题的有效途径     

中国大陆科学钻探主孔2000米以上脆性变形构造应力场

在主孔2000米之内，存在复杂的脆性破裂系统和构造应力场。根据其充填物的特征，可划分为由石英、方解石和绿泥石等矿物充填的微破裂，发育石英、方解石等矿物薄膜或擦痕线理的微破裂和既无矿物充填、也无矿物薄膜的微破裂等3种不同类型的脆性应变现象，它们依次代表早、中、晚和深、中、浅3个不同构造层次的脆性变形。初步分析表明脆性变形阶段存在有以南东东-北西西向为主导的挤压作用、北东-南西向的区域挤压作用、南北向挤压作用和垂向伸展作用等4期构造应力场。郯庐断裂东侧的现代构造应力场在区域上具有极大的稳定性。在脆性和脆-韧性转换带，制约苏鲁高压-超高压变质带侵位的主导应力作用方式为自南东东往北西西方向的挤压，它在时间和空间上具有一定的稳定性。     

云南巍山五里巷一茶雷村金矿地质及找矿方向

金矿赋存于挤压——滑脱构造破碎带中。成矿受构造、地层（岩性）、地球化学条件和围岩蚀变等条件控制。该区具有较大的找金潜力。     

Low-T thermochronometric evidence for post-thrusting (< 11 Ma) exhumation in the Western Outer Carpathians,Poland

Thermal indicators record exhumation of sedimentary units from depths in excess of 6 km over most of the Outer Carpathian fold and thrust belt in Poland. Apatite fission track data, showing cooling ages ranging between 32.1 ± 4.8 and 7.0 ± 0.8 Ma, indicate that exhumation was partially coeval with shortening. However, new thermochronometric information obtained as part of this study allowed us to unravel a previously undetected, post-thrusting exhumation stage. The integration of new field data and structural analysis with low-T thermochronometry suggests that termination of thrusting – at ca. 11 Ma in the area of the present study – was followed by gravity disequilibria within the orogenic wedge. The related extension and denudation phenomena appear to have played a primary role in the recent (< 10 Ma) tectonic evolution of the Western Outer Carpathians, exerting a major control on exhumation processes in this key area of the Alpine–Carpathian mountain system.     

Stereology-based fabric analysis of microcracks in damaged granite

Crack-related fabric analyses were carried out in terms of crack tensors using Inada granite deformed inelastically in a triaxial vessel up to post-failure, focusing on the fabric changes during brittle failure. Complementarily, numerical simulation tests were conducted to determine the representative volume element (RVE) required for crack surveying. Numerical simulation tests show that the window size for crack surveying should be at least six times the mean trace length in order to obtain a statistically meaningful crack tensor. A larger window is needed to estimate the distribution of crack radii. In quartz, cracks grow preferentially parallel to the major loading axis. Crack tensors in quartz can provide a measure of damage reflecting inelastic deformation under differential stress in past geological events. During the first stage of inelastic deformation, the number density of cracks decreases with a rather sharp increase in crack diameters. This happens because pre-existing cracks in intact rock join together to make longer cracks. However, the density remains almost constant during the second stage of loading from 90% to 100% of the peak stress. The crack diameter gradually increases due to the stable propagation of cracks. When granite is further deformed beyond the peak stress, the number density decreases again while sharp increases in crack diameters appear as a result of the forking and coalescence of cracks. It is also suggested that load-normal grain boundary cracks are generated as a result of the rolling and sliding of disintegrated blocks in the post-failure stage.     

Conflicting drainage patterns in the Matera Horst Area,southern Italy

The Matera Horst (“Murgia materana”) is included in the Apulian plateau, basically formed by Mesozoic shallow-water carbonates. The zone is located in a present-day temperate belt and form a flat-topped morphostructural large element inside the foreland area of the southern Apennines. This horst is bordered by high-angle faults and surrounded by downthrown blocks covered by Plio-Quaternary marine and alluvial sediments. The structural high experienced several morphological cycles from Miocene to Quaternary. In particular, three evolutionary stages can be recognized at least. The first stage is currently represented by relics of a flat erosional landscape at the top of the relieves. The second one is testified by gentle slopes with wide glacis at the foothills, locally covered by coarse waste deposits. During the third stage a series of marine terraces formed and a drainage system developed creating both bland valleys and well-defined channels and gorges. The latter streams deeply carve the Cretaceous limestone of the Matera Horst for they represent the morphological response to the tectonic uplift of the area and clearly post-date the former features. Since the fluvial net took place on Pleistocene covers, later widely eroded, it is possible to conclude that the major part of the Matera Horst drainage system represents a good example of superimposition. However, low order streams and segments of major rivers appear to be structurally controlled, as suggested by comparison with the fracture system. Further, also open synclines and gently steeped flexures may locally exert a driving control on minor streams. These apparently conflicting genetic hypotheses can be explained by the role of exhumation of inherited structures of the bedrock in add to a constant interplay between tectonics, erosion and drainage evolution during Quaternary times.     

Compaction bands and induced permeability reduction in Tuffeau de Maastricht calcarenite

The mechanical behavior and permeability of the Tuffeau de Maastricht calcarenite were studied. Compactions bands were found to form in the “transitional” regime between brittle faulting and cataclastic flow. In order to predict the formation of compaction bands, bifurcation analysis was applied on a model developed by Lade and Kim. The numerical results proved to be in good agreement with the experimental ones where the localization point was identified to be the onset of shear-enhanced compaction (a threshold in differential stress after which significant reduction of porosity is induced). Before the onset of shear-enhanced compaction, permeability was primarily controlled by the effective mean stress, independent of the deviatoric stresses. With the onset of shear-enhanced compaction, however, coupling of the deviatoric and hydrostatic stresses induced considerable permeability and porosity reduction.     

江西银山金、铜多金属矿床构造动力-火山岩浆同步一体成矿热结构模式

银山金铜多金属矿床位于赣东北深断裂的北西侧。矿区大面积出露前震旦系双桥山群浅变质岩,其上有零星不整合产出的上侏罗统鹅湖岭组火山碎屑岩—熔岩。矿区褶皱构造主体为双桥山群浅变质岩构成的银山背斜,沿背斜轴部发育一条斜贯全区的剪切带。区内主要发育燕山早期的火山碎屑岩、熔岩、次火山岩及隐爆角砾岩。大量事实表明,该矿床经历了构造动力热液成矿和火山－岩浆热液成矿,两种成矿作用在时间上具同期性,在空间上两者密切相关,构成了构造动力—火山岩浆同步一体的成矿体系。