长距离动态GPS数据处理方法与汶川地震引起的动态地壳形变特征分析

利用长距离GPS动态数据处理方法,根据四川GPS网地震前后的观测数据,计算出了四川GPS网各站点地震前后的位移量。以相对稳定的雅安站为参考站,计算出了绵阳站和郫县站的动态变形序列。汶川地震动态地壳变形分析结果表明,地震期间,绵阳站和郫县站的主运动朝向西北方向,同时伴随有小幅摆动。在高程方向,绵阳站出现先上升后下降的运动特征,郫县站出现上下波动特征。     

基于GPS的青藏块体东北缘现今地壳水平运动研究

以“中国地壳运动网络观测”工程1999～2001年GPS观测数据为基础,应用GAMIT／GLOBK软件对数据进行精密解算,获得了青藏块体东北缘1999～2001年相对于欧亚板块的水平运动速度场。结合板块构造和大地动力学理论,分析了该地区地壳水平运动特征,主要得出了以下结论：①青藏块体地壳运动的东北边界应为海原断裂带和祁连山北缘断裂带;②甘青块体西侧子块体以北东向运动挤压和地壳缩短为主,东部子块体以整体顺时针旋转为主;③鄂尔多斯块体可能存在逆时针旋转运动,其旋转速度在块体西南侧的六盘山断裂处一带最大,向北至块体西北部明显减小。     

FIBRE BEAM–COLUMN MODEL FOR NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OF R/C FRAMES: PART I. FORMULATION

This paper presents a fibre beam–column element for the non-linear static and dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete frames. It is assumed that plane sections remain plane and normal to the longitudinal axis. The effects of shear and bond-slip are, thus, presently neglected. The non-linear hysteretic behaviour of the element derives from the constitutive relations of concrete and reinforcing steel fibres into which each section is divided. The element formulation is flexibility-based and relies on force interpolation functions that strictly satisfy the equilibrium of bending moments and axial force along the element. Since the element does not make use of displacement interpolation functions, an iterative algorithm is needed for the determination of the resisting forces during the element state determination. The proposed algorithm is accurate and stable, even in the presence of strength loss, and is, thus, capable of tracing very well the highly non-linear behaviour of R/C members under cyclic load combinations of bending moment and axial force.     

通量均衡意义下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及梯度分布与构造活动的关系

本文在应绍奋等研究成果的基础上,利用作者所提出的方法重新处理了覆盖中国大陆(不包括海南省、台湾省等岛屿)900余万平方公里的垂直形变资料,给出了在通量均衡基准下中国大陆现今地壳垂直运动及其梯度的空间分布以及几大地块的平均速率和通量。由此得出以下认识:(1)现今地壳垂直运动与大陆所处的力场有较好的对应性。(2)现今地壳垂直运动具有明显的南升北降大趋势;以西部最为典型和强烈。(3)现今地壳垂直运动高梯度值带与地震带的分布有较好的吻合性。(4)现今地壳垂直运动的分群性与大陆各大地块的划分有较好的匹配性。     

Tectonothermal evolution of the gneiss complex at Salur in the Eastern Ghats Grnaulite Belt of India

Textural relations, thermobarometry and petrogenetic grid considerations in the syn-tectonic granitoid massif and the enveloping metasedimentary gneisses at Salur are consistent with a counter-clockwise P–T –t path for the rocks. The low-P/high-T prograde sector is documented by the pre- to syn-D₁ cordierite±orthopyroxene±garnet±spinel–bearing metatexite leucosomes in metapelites. Heating and loading of the rocks (syn- to post-D₁) resulted in the formation of garnet+orthopyroxene± cordierite-bearing diatexites, and decomposition of cordierite in metatexite leucosomes to orthopyroxene+sillimanite+biotite+quartz symplectites. Near-peak temperature, 850 °C at 8.0 kbar, was reached syn- to post-D₂. Post-peak cooling resulted in the stabilization of coronal grossular and anorthite+calcite symplectites at the expense of scapolite+wollastonite+calcite assemblages in calc-silicate gneisses, and the resetting of cation exchange temperatures at 700–750 °C. Near-isothermal decompression at c. 700–750 °C is manifested by the decomposition of garnet porphyroblasts in the granitoid gneisses to plagioclase+orthopyroxene/ilmenite/biotite two-phase coronas and restabilization of cordierite at garnet margins in metapelites. Subsequent low-P, near-isobaric cooling led to the overprinting of granulite facies assemblages by muscovite+calcite assemblages, and further resetting of cation exchange thermometers to lower temperatures c. 600 °C. The tectonothermal evolution of the Salur gneiss complex vis-a-vis the Eastern Ghats Belt is therefore consistent with high degrees of lower crustal melting, followed by prograde heating of the cover rocks due to magma invasion synchronous with crustal compression, and finally thermal relaxation over a protracted period punctuated by tectonic/erosional denudation of the thickened crust.     

并置VLBI站的相对形变及其与全球解结果的比较

基于ITRF2000地球参考架的三维VLBI站速度矢量和NNR-NUVEL-1A地球板块运动模型，采用观测的VLBI基线长变化率作为约束，估计和讨论了全球6个并置VLBI站的局部或区域性地壳的相对形变，并与国际地球参考架ITRFs解和VLBI全球解glb2003以及VTRF2003的结果进行了比较．结果表明日本Kashima与Kashim34VLBI站之间，美国GREENBANK的NRAO20与NRAO85-3站之间可能存在每年约近4毫米的相对垂直形变；WESTFORD与HAYSTACK二站间每年近2毫米的垂直形变率差基本可得到肯定，KOKEE和KAUAI二站的垂直形变率约有每年1至3毫米的差．利用如下方法能较可靠地检测出并置VLBI站间的局部或区域性的地壳垂直形变，改进ITRF解的可能不足．