土钉支护抗震性能的振动台试验研究

为研究土钉支护结构体系的抗震性能,设计并完成了土钉支护边坡1：12比尺的振动台试验,研究了土钉支护边坡的动力反应特征和规律。结果表明：土钉支护边坡坡面的最大变形主要发生在边坡坡腹处,坡顶与坡趾的变形相对较小;增大土钉倾角会增大边坡的侧向位移,增加土钉长度以及减小土钉间距则会减小边坡侧向位移;土钉支护最大作用带基本位于土钉支护区的中前部,呈折线形,与计算假设的圆弧形不同,而且该作用带与滑裂面的位置并不相同;边坡土体中部和下部的加速度放大系数较小而且比较接近,边坡上部土体的加速度放大系数则较大。     

L形截面短肢剪力墙抗震性能的模型试验研究

为了研究L形截面短肢剪力墙的抗震性能,对6个1/2缩尺比例的L形截面短肢剪力墙试件进行了低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究,分析了轴压比、截面高厚比、剪跨比等参数变化时,对试件的承载力、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏特性等抗震性能的影响。结果表明:L形截面短肢剪力墙试件扭转变形较小,试件以弯剪破坏为主,腹板底部为试件最薄弱部位,剪跨比小,轴压比大的试件腹板中心剪切破坏现象明显;试件随着截面高厚比、轴压比的提高,极限承载力增加,试件耗能能力变差、延性下降明显;L形截面短肢剪力墙试件在截面高厚比适中,为6.5∶1时,经济、抗震性能也较好。     

土-结构动力相互作用的振动台试验研究综述

本文从土-结构动力相互作用振动台试验过程中所涉及的结构模型动力相似设计、模型土体的模拟及土体边界条件的模拟三个方面,回顾了近几年来土-结构动力相互作用振动台试验研究的发展历程与现状,重点描述了试验过程中为了更好地反映震动条件下土与结构动力相互作用的机理,学者们所采取的办法和措施。并在此基础上,介绍了一种新的研究土-结构动力相互作用的振动台试验技术。最后,总结了传统的土箱-振动台试验存在的不足,并与这种新的试验技术进行了对比,提出了对于这种新的试验方法仍需要进一步研究和解决的问题。     

Seismic response of underground utility tunnels: shaking table testing and FEM analysis

Underground utility tunnels are widely used in urban areas throughout the world for lifeline networks due to their easy maintenance and environmental protection capabilities. However, knowledge about their seismic performance is still quite limited and seismic design procedures are not included in current design codes. This paper describes a series of shaking table tests the authors performed on a scaled utility tunnel model to explore its performance under earthquake excitation. Details of the experimental setup are first presented focusing on aspects such as the design of the soil container, scaled structural model, sensor array arrangement and test procedure. The main observations from the test program, including structural response, soil response, soil-structure interaction and earth pressure, are summarized and discussed. Further, a finite element model (FEM) of the test utility tunnel is established where the nonlinear soil properties are modeled by the Drucker-Prager constitutive model; the master-slave surface mechanism is employed to simulate the soil-structure dynamic interaction; and the confining effect of the laminar shear box to soil is considered by proper boundary modeling. The results from the numerical model are compared with experiment measurements in terms of displacement, acceleration and amplification factor of the structural model and the soil. The comparison shows that the numerical results match the experimental measurements quite well. The validated numerical model can be adopted for further analysis.     

太古宇潜山不同岩石类型裂缝发育潜力分析———以辽河西部凹陷为例

太古宇结晶变质岩是潜山的重要储集层岩石类型, 然而对太古宇不同类型变质岩裂缝发育潜力的相对大小迄今还没有明确的标志。通过大量的岩石力学实验、岩心裂缝观测、成像测井资料分析和油田生产实践等相结合的方法, 探索分析太古宇不同岩石类型裂缝发育的相对潜力, 并提出了脆性系数(f_b)的概念。岩石力学试验结果表明, 太古宇不同岩性的岩石力学性质存在差异, 脆性系数总体有随暗色矿物增加而减小的趋势; 定向构造发育的片麻岩类岩石的力学参数与变形方向密切相关, 其中片麻理与加载方向夹角大于45°时的脆性系数f_b明显小于夹角小于45°时的脆性系数。大量生产实践资料表明, 定向构造发育的片麻岩类容易发育剪裂缝, 而定向构造不发育的粒岩类则容易发育张性裂缝。综合分析揭示, 不同岩性剪裂缝发育潜力从大到小的次序为:片麻岩类→混合花岗岩类→角闪岩; 不同岩性张性裂缝发育潜力从大到小的次序为:混合花岗岩类、浅粒岩→片麻岩类→角闪岩。      

Impacts of climatic change on river runoff in northern Xinjiang of China over last fifty years

The characteristics of climatic change and river runoff, as well as the response of river runoff to climatic change in the northern Xinjiang are analyzed on the basis of the hydrological and meteorological data over the last 50 years by the methods of Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the nonlinear regression model. The results show that: 1) The temperature and the precipitation increased significantly in the whole northern Xinjiang, but the precipitation displayed no obvious change, or even a decreasing trend in the northern mountainous area of the northern Xinjiang. 2) River runoff varied in different regions in the northern Xinjiang. It significantly increased in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang (p=0.05), while slightly increased in the west of the northern Xinjiang. 3) North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affects river runoff by influencing temperature and precipita-tion. The NAO and precipitation had apparent significant correlations with the river runoff, but the temperature did not in the northern Xinjiang. Since the mid-1990s river runoff increase was mainly caused by the increasing temperature in the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and the north of the northern Xinjiang. Increased precipitation resulted in increased river runoff in the west of the northern Xinjiang.     

基于决策到决策路径的遗传算法软件测试用例设计

测试用例生成优劣是软件测试自动化效率高低至关重要的一点,常用的随机测试用例自动生成方法虽然实现简单,但具有效率低、冗余大的缺点,而遗传算法适合于处理传统方法难以解决的非线性问题。为了提高测试效率、降低测试成本,通过分析测试用例自动生成和遗传算法的基本理论,在面向决策到决策路径的软件测试基础上,利用程序控制流图详细阐释了对基于遗传算法的测试用例自动生成技术的设计。通过与随机法自动用例生成进行试验对比,表明其效率至少是随机法10倍。     

电测深法岩溶路基注浆质量检测模型试验研究

针对岩溶路基注浆质量检测的难度,基于现场典型地质断面,建立室内裂隙灰岩模型,进行注浆前后多测试断面的电测深检测试验数据解释分析,并对比模型中实际浆液扩散情况。试验结果表明:水泥浆液注入后,模型视电阻率较注浆前明显降低,当注浆后视电阻率降低幅度大于等于15%时,注浆效果较好。模型注浆后的合理检测时间为注浆完7天后。现场检测试验基本能够验证模型试验结论,但现场检测试验受地下水位的影响较大,会造成局部评判失真。     

孔隙介质毛细滞回简化模型研究

土-水特征曲线的研究是非饱和孔隙介质研究的重要部分。完整的土-水特征曲线包括初始脱湿曲线（IDC）、主吸湿线(MWC)和主脱湿线(MDC)3部分。传统的土-水特征曲线实验需要花费较长的时间和精力。以文献中的试验数据为依据,对非饱和土土-水特征关系和岩石的汞注入抽出试验的滞回现象进行了深入研究,提出一个经验模型来模拟MDC曲线。如果已根据试验得到了孔隙介质的IDC和MWC,此模型只需要一个参数,即可得到增量形式的MDC。通过与试验结果相比较,验证了模型对MDC模拟的有效性。     

粘结式锚杆在爆炸动载下轴向应力分布研究

通过物理模型试验,研究在爆炸动载作用下临近工作面支护锚杆的应力状态。根据相似条件和简化假设,采用集中装药进行工程掏槽爆破模拟,利用粘贴在锚杆上的应变片测得近区端锚和全锚锚杆的轴向应变波。测试结果表明,爆破引起锚杆振动时间约为6 ms,经过9 ms的缓降期锚杆变形趋于稳定值;动载期间端锚锚杆在杆体中部锚固段测得峰值应力比杆体尾部自由段的值大,但相差不大,动载过后尾部的残余应力较大;全锚锚杆在杆体尾部测得的峰值应力和残余应力都远大于杆体中部测得值。利用无限体内一点受法向集中力作用的位移势函数,推导锚固体及周围岩体的轴向应力分布,并计算一定预应力在锚固区产生的附加轴向应力,结合动应力的作用分析锚杆的受力状态