基于分形盒维算法的天然地震波初至拾取方法研究

基于分形理论,提出了一种地震波初至的拾取方法,根据地震初至波到达前后时间序列的分形特征,采用适当的时间窗口,可以定量地确定初至波的到达时间。数值计算表明,当窗口大小为0.6 s时,计算速度合适,可以保证地震波波至时间的拾取精度,并且在广西地区的宽频带地震流动台网记录的地震数据处理中进行了应用。     

地埋非圆形管道与土相互作用的分析计算

对地埋箱形涵道和蛋形管道结构的设计计算,现行的方法是给定作用荷载值和分布,按结构力学方法求解。实际上作用于管道上荷载是随管土的相对刚度而变化的。为此,采用管土相互作用的Winkler模型和传递矩阵法,提出地埋箱形和蛋形管道结构计算的新方法。通过对箱形和蛋形管道与土相互作用的分析计算表明,即使是“刚性”的箱形管道也应考虑与土的相互作用。最后讨论了模型参数、埋深以及管道结构尺寸的变化对管道受力与变形的影响,说明了考虑地埋管道与土的相互作用,对地埋箱形和蛋形管道结构的设计计算才更符合实际。     

Optimization of the Coagulation–Flocculation Process for Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology

Slaughterhouse wastewater is one of the main sources of environmental pollutants, containing a high amount of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), grease, and oil. The main aim of the present research is optimizing the coagulation–flocculation process and examining the effects of experimental factors with each other, for example, pH, the concentration of two different coagulants (FeCl₃ and alum), rapid mixing rate, and settling time. Therefore, it is aimed to treat slaughterhouse wastewater using the coagulation–flocculation process with the optimization of the response surface methodology (RSM). COD, turbidity, and suspended solids (SS) of the treated wastewater are chosen as the response variables. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for three responses are acquired by employing the desirability function approach. When the experimental results of two coagulants are compared, it is observed that the alum coagulant gave better results for the three responses. The alum coagulant utilized in the present research is able to increase COD, SS, and turbidity removal efficiency by 75.25%, 90.16%, and 91.18%, respectively. It is possible to optimize coagulation–flocculation by utilizing the RSM analysis, which proves that coagulation can pre‐treat slaughterhouse wastewater.     

波浪作用下涵洞式直立堤水体交换特性研究

基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟和物理模型试验结合的方式,开展涵洞式直立堤在波浪作用下的水体交换研究。CFD数值模拟采用VPM (volume-average/point-value method)-THINC (tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing)/QQ (quadratic surface representation and Gaussian quadrature)模型,并在此基础上提出一种能够标记涵洞内外水体变化的双液相流体体积模型(VOF)方法,定性及定量描述涵洞内外水体的交换特性;物理模型试验主要用来验证数值模型的准确性。研究表明,在波浪的作用下,涵洞内部会形成一股往复振荡的水流,对水体交换起到重要的作用。该振荡流主要受到涵洞高度、波浪周期以及波高的影响,涵洞深度对其影响不大。在波浪长时间的作用下,涵洞式直立堤能有效地增强港池内外水体交换。     

现代板块运动驱动地幔块体置换度及地幔混合的研究

定义了描述地幔混合程度的新的统计学量度——地幔块体对流置换度和对流混合扩散度.地幔块体对流置换度等于至少被置换一次的块体数与地幔总块体数之比,对流混合扩散度等于示踪元初始体密度与示踪元终体密度之比.本研究假设地幔对流是稳定的,上地幔和下地幔的黏滞性存在差异,其驱动力为板块运动或地幔中密度异常分布.实验中地幔被划分为20736 个块体（5°×5°×300 km）,2376个示踪元被放置在地幔顶部100 km深度或底部100 km高度的5°×5°的网格点上.模型计算表明, 地幔块体对流置换度随运转时间变化.就全地幔而言,在系统运行四十亿年后,大多数模型对应的块体对流置换度均超过80%,而上地幔块体置换度则达到90%.这预示大多数的地幔块体将被来自其他位置的块体所取代.对于放置在地幔顶部或底部,浓缩于很小空间10°×10°(间距0.25°) 中的两组1681个示踪元而言,尽管其对流混合扩散度在开始有较大的差异,但是在运行一段时间之后,此两组对应的对流混合扩散度均趋于常数,示踪元比较均匀地分布于全地幔之中.由以上的结果可以推断,在经历了四十五亿年的演化过程后,由于对流的作用使地幔基本上已经均匀混合,地幔中不大可能存在尺度大于5°×5°×300 km的异常块体.     

Incipient motion of gravel in a bottomless arch culvert

Incipient motion was investigated for four gravel substrate materials in a bottomless arch culvert and a rectangular flume.Different methods for calculating Shields parameter at incipient motion(θ_c) based upon local flow parameters were explored.An incipient motion region for bottomless arch culverts in fully turbulent flow was defined with two bounding curves on Shields diagram.The variation ofθ_c as a function of relative roughness was examined.Also,a method that utilizes measured flow velocities to determine stable substrate particle diameters for bottomless arched culverts is presented as an alternative to the Shields diagram.     

Frost heave analysis of ballasted track above box culvert and its influence on train vibration

The uneven frost heave of frost-susceptible subgrade soil causes track irregularity, which highly enhances train vibration and affects the comfort and safety of railway transportation. This paper presents a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) analysis for the freezing behavior of railway located above a box culvert. The vertical acceleration of the vehicle, an indicator of riding comfort, is predicted through a vehicle dynamic model. The results reveal that the existence of a box culvert changes the subgrade thermal pattern, leading to a deeper frost penetration depth. The frost heave amount above the box culvert is larger than the adjacent section, resulting in uneven track structure upheave and track irregularity. This frost-induced track irregularity highly affects train vibration.     

基于探空资料的西南区域暴雨环境参数统计分析

利用西南区域11个探空站数据及地面常规观测资料,对2010～2020年196次暴雨过程中表征水汽、热力不稳定、动力条件的10种物理量参数进行统计分析,基于箱线图提取了一些有利于暴雨发生的环境参数阈值。结果表明：（1）对流层中低层近饱和的大气和比湿高值是该区域暴雨发生的有利条件之一;（2）沙氏指数在各季节的阈值均较低,对流有效位能在盛夏时值较高,多对流性暴雨,而初秋对其要求不高,多稳定性暴雨;（3）初夏和盛夏对最大上升速度的要求明显大于初秋,而能量螺旋度主要在初夏才有一定要求。     

Uncertainty analysis of flow velocity estimation by a simplified entropy model

The velocity field in a river flow cross‐sectional area can be determined by applying entropy as done in 1978 by Chiu, who developed a two‐dimensional model of flow velocity based on the knowledge of maximum velocity, u_max, and the dimensionless entropic parameter, characteristic of the river site. This is appealing in the context of discharge monitoring, particularly for high floods, considering that u_max occurs in the upper portion of flow area and can be easily sampled, unlike velocity in the lower portion of flow area. The simplified form of Chiu's entropy‐based velocity model, proposed in 2004 by Moramarco et al., has been found to be reasonably accurate for determining mean flow velocity along each vertical sampled in the flow area, but no uncertainty analysis has been reported for this simplified entropy‐based velocity model. This study, therefore, performed uncertainty analysis of the simplified model following a procedure proposed by Misirli et al. in 2003. The flow velocity measurements at the Rosciano River section along the Chiascio River, central Italy, carried out for a period spanning 20 years were used for this purpose. Results showed that the simplified entropy velocity model was able to provide satisfactory estimates of velocity profiles in the whole flow area and the 95% confidence bands for the computed estimated mean vertical velocity were quite representative of observed values. In addition, using these 95% confidence bands, it was possible to have an indication of the uncertainty in the determination of mean cross‐sectional flow velocity as well. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

华北地震时空多重分形的时间演化特征研究

应用分形理论,采用扩充数盒子方法EBA对华北地区1960~ 1982年发生的地震时间分布进行了多重分形谱计算。结果表明,在这期间该地区的几次较强地震在分形谱上都有明显的反映,强震年份的分形谱发生较大幅度变化,正q区D_q 值下降,负q区D_q 值上升,具有一定的预报意义。文中进而计算了几次较强地震的地震序列(1966年邢台、1969年渤海、1975年海城、1976年唐山)的空间多重分形谱,研究其随时间的演化现象,表明强震前后分形谱变动幅度较大,震群型地震序列和主震型地震序列的分形谱呈现出不同的变化趋势。