湟源地震台钻孔数据的小波分析研究

针对湟源地震台钻孔应变观测数据的实际情况,并根据本台仪器所处环境,受干扰情况,运用连续小波变换、二进小波变换、离散小波变换,多分辨分析、Symlets分解与重构算法等方法,对湟源地震台钻孔应变数据进行分析研究,结果表明该方法能够有效地将数据变化、突跳和地震同震效应从原数据中突显出来,并且能够根据不同的需要突显出有用的信息,更好地为地震预报服务。     

A cantilever beam analogy for quantifying higher mode effects in multistorey buildings

This paper examines higher mode effects in systems where the ductile mechanism for seismic design is the base moment‐rotation response. The modal properties of flexural and shear beams with uniform mass and elasticity and with a variable amount of base rotational restraint are derived. As the base fixity is released, the first mode becomes the rigid body rotation of the beam about the base, but the higher modes change much less, particularly for the shear beam model. Most response quantities that are of interest in the seismic design of typical mid‐rise buildings are controlled by the first two lateral modes, except at locations along the height where the second mode contributes little. However, the third and higher lateral modes are more significant for high‐rise buildings. Based on the theory of uniform cantilever shear beams, expressions are developed to avoid the need for a modal analysis to estimate the overturning moment, storey shear, and floor acceleration envelopes. Considering the measured response from the shake table testing of a large‐scale eight‐storey controlled rocking steel braced frame, the proposed expressions are shown to be of similar or better accuracy to a modified modal superposition technique, which combines the higher mode response from an elastic modal analysis with the response associated with achieving the maximum base overturning moment according to an inverted triangular load distribution. Because the proposed method uses only parameters that are available at the initial design stage, avoiding the analysis of a structural model, it is likely to be especially useful for preliminary design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

历史地理视角下海上丝绸之路在岭南的区域效应

海上丝绸之路作为一种跨地域的地理现象,涉及到物资、商品、技术、文化、移民等要素的时空流动以及在岭南的区域影响。基于历史文献资料分析,以历史地理视角,探讨海上丝绸之路在岭南所产生的区域效应。研究表明,海上丝绸之路使岭南及其江河、海陆交互处的地域具有明显的地理边缘效应,对外贸易及其伴生的诸要素的溢出、汇融和交流,带来岭南区域地理空间结构、功能的变化,以及在土地利用、经济地理、聚落地理和社会文化地理等方面的区域效应。结合当下“一带一路”国家战略的提出,以史为鉴,对指导“21世纪海上丝绸之路”在岭南的实践具有一定的现实意义。     

High-altitude wind velocity at Oukaimeden observatory

This paper aims at studying the wind at 200 mbar over the Moroccan observatory Oukaimeden, as high-altitude winds have been adopted as a useful parameter for site characterization in terms of the suitability of a site for the development of some adaptive optics techniques. The data used come from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data base, which is widely acknowledged as being reliable. Statistical analyses of 200-mbar wind speed since 1983 are performed. Comparison with some of the main observatory sites worldwide qualifies Oukaimeden as one of the best observatory sites in terms of 200-mbar wind statistics. Our analysis of a record of seeing measurements during the years 2003 and 2004 concludes that while 200-mbar wind speed can be used as a parameter for ranking astronomical sites in term of their suitability for adaptive optics, it cannot be used for the whole atmospheric seeing prediction. A comparison of monthly values of the seeing parameter at Oukaimeden, La Silla and Paranal demonstrates the high seeing quality of Oukaimeden, as the seeing values measured were lower than those of La Silla and Paranal for most of the time during the comparison period. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of atmospheric stratified seeing, wavefront coherence time and isoplanatic angle measured with a Multi-Aperture Scintillation Sensor instrument over Paranal from 2004 to 2007 have been performed. We found good correlations between 200-mbar wind velocity and levels 4, 5 and 6 seeing, wavefront coherence time and isoplanatic angle, with corresponding correlation coefficients of 0.74, 0.79, 0.70, 0.97 and 0.78.     

Study of the atmospheric refraction in a single-mode instrument – application to AMBER/VLTI

This paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical fibres. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to correct the refraction in J and H bands while observing with an 8-m Unit Telescope. We then developed numerical simulations to go further in calculations. The hypotheses on the instrumental characteristics are those of AMBER (Astronomical Multi BEam combineR), the near-infrared focal beam combiner of the Very Large Telescope Interferometric mode, but most of the conclusions can be generalized to other single-mode instruments. We used the software package caos to take into account the atmospheric turbulence effect after correction by the European Southern Observatory system Multi-Application Curvature Adaptive Optics. The optomechanical study and design of the system correcting the atmospheric refraction on AMBER is then detailed. We showed that the atmospheric refraction becomes predominant over the atmospheric turbulence for some zenith angles z and spectral conditions: for z larger than 30° in J band for example. The study of the optical system showed that it allows to achieve the required instrumental performance in terms of throughput in J and H bands. First observations in J band of a bright star, α Cir star, at more than 30° from zenith clearly showed the gain to control the atmospheric refraction in a single-mode instrument, and validated the operating law.     

Weather at Sierra Negra: 7.3-yr statistics and a new method to estimate the temporal fraction of cloud cover

Sierra Negra, one of the highest peaks in central Mexico, is the site of the Large Millimeter Telescope. We describe the first results of a comprehensive analysis of the weather data measured in situ from 2000 October to 2008 February to be used as a reference for future activity in the site. We compare the data from two different stations at the summit considering the accuracy of both instruments. We analysed the diurnal, seasonal and annual cycles for all the parameters. The thermal stability is remarkably good, crucial for a good performance of the telescopes. From the solar radiation data, we developed a new method to estimate the fraction of time when the sky is clear of clouds. We show that our measurements are consistent with a warm standard atmosphere model. The conditions at the site are benign and stable given its altitude, showing that Sierra Negra is an extremely good site for millimeter and high-energy observations.     

我国矿山开采的生态环境效应及土地复垦典型技术

矿产资源开发已成为我国国民经济增长的重要手段,但矿山开采又引发了一系列生态环境问题,导致矿区生态退化与环境污染,严重制约了矿区社会经济的可持续发展。本文系统分析了矿山开采的生态环境效应,并根据典型矿区土地复垦的成功经验,总结了适合我国矿区土地复垦的典型技术,包括剥离－采矿－复垦一体化工程技术,矿区废弃物综合利用技术,大气污染治理技术,地表整形工程技术,土壤重金属污染治理技术,土壤培肥改良技术,植被恢复技术,水土流失综合治理技术等。     

长春市各级交通路线对城市功能用地变化的作用效应关系研究

利用长春市中心城区2003年、2013年土地利用现状图,运用廊道效应原理与ArcGIS空间分析功能,揭示了交通系统“快速化”背景下长春市各级交通路线对城市功能用地演替的作用效应关系。研究发现：轻轨、主干路、快速路对商服用地的吸聚效应依次增强,快速路沿线商服用地主要用于专业化市场建设,轻轨沿线商服用地用作综合性商场开发;快速路对沿线居住用地吸聚强度大于主干路,轻轨对沿线居住用地具有近距离排斥效应;在市中心区,快速路、主干路、轻轨对工业用地的排斥强度依次增强,但随着由中心至外围的过渡,快速路的排斥效应将转化为吸聚效应。各级交通路线对沿线城市功能用地作用效应的差异性,一定程度上推动了长春市城市地域结构的演变。     

嘉峪关市气温对细菌性痢疾发病的滞后效应研究

探讨分析气温对细菌性痢疾发病的影响及其滞后效应。通过收集嘉峪关市2008-2013年每日细菌性痢疾发病资料,结合同一时间段的气象资料,利用分布滞后非线性模型分析气温与人群细菌性痢疾发病的关联性,分析不同气温和不同滞后天数对细菌性痢疾发病可能的影响。结果表明细菌性痢疾发病与气象因素关系密切,发病高峰一般出现在每年6-8月,对气象因素与细菌性痢疾病例数据做相关分析,表明嘉峪关市细菌性痢疾每日发病人数与气温、气压和降水量均存在相关性,嘉峪关市日平均气温对不同性别、不同年龄人群暴露效应曲线为J型和U型,气温对细菌性痢疾日发病存在明显的滞后效应,在暴露当天出现,女性2~3 d达到峰值,男性3~5 d达到峰值。气温对细菌性痢疾发病的效应中,女性所受的高温效应大于男性,高温效应随着年龄的增长而增大。气象因素在嘉峪关市细菌性痢疾的发生和发展中发挥重要作用,细菌性痢疾发病受到多种气象因子共同作用的影响,但首要影响因素是高温。气温对细菌性痢疾发病不是直接作用,而是通过影响细菌性痢疾发病的各个环节(居民生活习惯、传播途径与易感人群自身体质),间接影响细菌性痢疾在人群中的分布。