耕地保护经济补偿运行机制及补偿效应分析

在对耕地保护经济补偿机制内涵界定的基础上,提出了"农业保险+社会保障+实物技术货币一体化的区内经济补偿机制"和"基于上级政府调控和财政转移支付的耕地保护区际经济补偿协商机制",并对区内和区际经济补偿方式、运行机理进行了分析.同时,在对耕地保护经济补偿效应概念、类型界定的基础上,结合农户问卷调查,对耕地保护经济补偿效应进行了系统分析.研究表明:(1)耕地利用生态社会效益的外部性是耕地非农化的根本原因,而构建耕地保护的经济补偿机制则是抑制耕地非农化的根本途径.(2)耕地保护的经济补偿体系由区内经济补偿和区际经济补偿共同组成,耕地保护经济补偿方式、补偿标准是影响其补偿效应的重要因素.     

粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施的空间集聚与区域发展效应

为探究科技基础设施的空间分布特征和区域发展效应,论文以粤港澳大湾区688个科技基础设施为研究对象,以56个县区为基本研究单元,采用平均最近邻距离法分析粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施的空间集聚性与空间差异格局。基于地理探测器从经济水平、居住收入、住房价格、人口学历结构4个方面分析粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施的区域发展效应。结果表明：① 粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施呈现高度的空间集聚性分布,主要集中在广州核心区、深圳南山区和香港南部地区,在县区尺度上具有显著的空间差异和空间极化现象;② 粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施分布对人口学历结构、经济水平、住房价格的空间格局具有显著的正向影响,显示出区域发展效应;③ 不同性质科技基础设施的区域发展效应有所差别,基础研究类科技基础设施对人口学历结构的影响强度最高,应用类科技基础设施对经济水平的影响最为明显。该研究可为粤港澳大湾区创新地理的学术研究提供案例补充,也为粤港澳大湾区科技基础设施的合理布局和优化配置提供决策支撑,具有学术意义和现实价值。     

行政区划调整对政区位势的影响与定量化测度

行政区划是国家治理和社会发展的重要支撑,行政区划调整是促进区域协调发展的重要手段。在全球化与区域化背景下,适时推进行政区划调整是重构区域发展格局,改变区域政区位势的基本途径。本文立足于区域协调发展的视角,构建基于区域相互作用理论、空间场能模型和幂指数函数的政区位势模型,以合肥—芜湖地区为例,测算2011年原巢湖地级市拆分后其政区位势的变化情况以及对区域协调发展的影响效能。研究表明:① 政区位势与政区的行政管辖能力、行政资源和区域协调发展潜力密切相关。② 2005—2015年期间研究区整体政区位势和协调发展潜力增幅分别由地级巢湖市撤销前的61.79%和0.21%提高到116.51%和3.05%;且行政区划调整后政区位势增速明显快于经济发展与人口增速。③ 运用政区位势模型能对行政区划调整进行测度和空间化表达,其测度结果既能与社会发展等复杂影响相区别,又能与真实的社会经济发展状况相符合,既重视个体发展又兼顾区域协调发展。行政区划调整能显著提高研究区的政区位势,促进社会经济进步,且有利于破除空间障碍和行政壁垒,推进区域协调可持续发展。     

江苏省未来城市化进程中资源环境效应的多情景模拟

以系统动力学为主模型,对江苏省未来城市化发展的4种典型模式进行了情景模拟与比较。结果表明,同时期内不同发展模式下的城市化所导致的资源环境效应强度存在较大差别。借鉴自然演变型、工业推动型和第三产业拉动型3种城市化发展模式,提出综合协调的发展模式;仿真比较显示,该发展模式既能有效化解城市化进程中的资源环境效应,又能促进城市化快速发展,是一种可持续发展模式。     

湟源地震台钻孔数据的小波分析研究

针对湟源地震台钻孔应变观测数据的实际情况,并根据本台仪器所处环境,受干扰情况,运用连续小波变换、二进小波变换、离散小波变换,多分辨分析、Symlets分解与重构算法等方法,对湟源地震台钻孔应变数据进行分析研究,结果表明该方法能够有效地将数据变化、突跳和地震同震效应从原数据中突显出来,并且能够根据不同的需要突显出有用的信息,更好地为地震预报服务。     

Assessment of Impact of Storm on Point Source Pollutant Transport in Estuary by Dissolved Tracer Modeling

A continuously discharged dissolved conservative tracer was simulated with the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Model Package to study pollutant transport in the estuary in response to point source loads and the impact of the November, 1985 storm. A visualization technology is applied to show 3-dimensional concentration variations in a continuous daily time sequence. The differential responses of daily net transport during storms versus inter-storm periods can be observed from an MPEG movie. It may take 2–3 months for a tracer to travel from the fall-line to the mouth of a river during relatively dry seasons, only 2 weeks in some medium storms, and less than 5 days in a big storm. Plots of daily concentrations from eleven selected locations in the estuary provide quantitative information on the response of tracer concentration to flows. The magnitude and time of tracer peaks related with different weather events in these locations reflect the combined effects of flows from various directions to these locations. The lower tributaries (which are closer to the Bay mouth) are affected more than the upper tributaries by a source discharged at a mid-tributary. A storm can transport materials more effectively to the Bay and affect adjacent tributaries more severely.     

A benthic mucilage event in North-Western Mediterranean Sea and its possible relationships with the summer 2003 European heatwave: short term effects on littoral rocky assemblages

In this contribution we document an anomalous mucilage growth which occurred in June 2003 along the rocky cliffs of the Portofino Promontory (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean Sea), and we describe its dynamics and its negative effects on many benthic taxa. The zooxanthellate scleractinian Cladocora caespitosa underwent ‘bleaching’ and about 40% of biomass of the erect algae was detached by mucilage ‘lianas’ created and strengthened by bottom currents. The 2003 event differed from any other previously occurred in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, in that the mucilage aggregates were formed by the free‐living form of the Phaeophyceae Acinetospora crinita (Harvey) Kornmann, a not usually dominant species in mucilage aggregates from the north Tyrrhenian Sea. The damage suffered by the benthic organisms living in this area was curtailed by a severe storm, occurred in July, which removed the mucilage to deeper depths, preventing irreversible damages. Only slow growing, perennant organisms, such as corallinales or scleractinians, were seriously affected, but a survey carried out 1 year later, in June 2004, allowed to appreciate a complete recovery of those organisms. This anomalous mucilage event occurred in coincidence of the 2003 European heatwave, and the anomalous temperature increase of seawater has to be regarded as the major contributing event that led to the mucilage outbreak.     

国外大型事件申办热潮:政治视角的解读

对大型事件影响力共识的缺乏与其申办热情成为悖论,一方面其影响效应尚模糊不清,并引起学界的质疑和争议;另一方面城市的申办和举办热情有增无减,因而隐藏在经济目标之下的非经济动机值得关注。文章从已有文献中厘清国外大型事件的申办动机、申办过程及事件后所表征的政治效应,从政治视角解释当前国外大型事件的申办热潮。主要结论如下:1)超越"事件"本身来看,大型事件作为政府政策工具的角色突显;2)大型事件的时效性使得城市得以完成正常情况下难以在短时间内实施的城市空间改造、城市建设,以及将一些重要的政策尽早提上日程,城市采纳事件战略具有复杂的政治动机;3)大型事件的推动者往往是城市商业和政治精英结成的联盟,一方面他们共同致力于推动举办地的经济发展;另一方面他们也借此谋求政治及商业领域的社会资本;4)大型事件被用来作为合法化工具:是展示国家认同的合法化途径;获得公众支持的合法性;获得上一级政府支持,特别是资金支持的合法性;5)发展中国家,特别是非洲国家的申办更体现出其改善国际不平等关系及成为"非洲门户"的意愿。     

Field and laboratory measurements of mean overtopping discharges and spatial distributions at vertical seawalls

Within the CLASH project, wave overtopping at the vertical seawall at Samphire Hoe was measured by HR Wallingford (HRW), and compared laboratory tests in 2 & 3 dimensions carried out at the University of Edinburgh and HRW. At Samphire Hoe, overtopping volumes were captured in three volumetric tanks capable of measuring wave-by-wave and total overtopping volumes. The three tanks were placed progressively farther back from the seawall edge so that the spatial distribution of the overtopping discharges could be determined. The field measurement equipment was successfully deployed on three occasions, and measured overtopping discharges ranged from that barely considered to be hazardous to the public to over q = 3.0 l/s/m. The 2d testing at Edinburgh was modelled at a scale of 1:40, and the 3d model at HRW was modelled at 1:20. For both sets of laboratory tests, a range of conditions, representative of the storm wave conditions and water levels, was reproduced in addition to a set of parametric conditions. The storm conditions allowed a direct comparison between the field and laboratory measurements, and the parametric conditions were used to test the generic overtopping behaviour of the structure. For both sets of laboratory tests, mean overtopping discharges and the spatial distribution were measured separately. Analysis of the distribution data relates the proportion of the discharge that has landed as a function of (x / L_o); where x is the distance behind the crest, and L_o is the offshore wavelength. Analysis of the field, 2d & 3d laboratory data, and empirical prediction methods have not identified any scale effects for overtopping discharges at vertical and near-vertical seawalls.