MSCT和X线平片在诊断腰椎滑脱症中的临床价值比较

目的:比较X线平片和多排螺旋CT诊断腰椎滑脱的准确性,并评价临床价值。方法:搜集40例经X线平片、MSCT检查诊断并手术治疗的腰椎滑脱患者,X线平片和MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度、部位、类型的结果与手术对照。结果:40例患者,27例手术证实为真性滑脱,13例为假性滑脱。以手术为对照,X线平片、MSCT诊断腰椎滑脱程度和部位准确率为100%;X线平片判定腰椎滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值为分别为59.3%、100%、100%和54.2%;MSCT判定滑脱类型的敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值均为100%;X线平片和MSCT对滑脱类型判定具有明显统计学差异(P0.01)。结论:X线平片、MSCT判定腰椎滑脱程度和部位均具有较高的准确性;判定腰椎滑脱类型,MSCT比X线平片好,X线平片目前仍是基本的筛查方法,MSCT进一步明确腰椎滑脱类型诊断,为临床提供更多的影像信息和治疗方案。     

基于GATE的正电子发射断层成像仿真研究

探讨利用GATE仿真软件,来模拟正电子发射断层成像的扫描过程,并进行图像重建研究。介绍了GATE仿真过程中,若干关键参数的设置及计算方法:包括PET探测器的结构设置,被扫描物体的空间结构与活度分布设置,γ光子检测过程中探测器性能参数设置。此外,还讨论了从光子计数数据生成正弦图,以及随后的图像重建过程。作为示例,对西门子公司的Inveon小动物PET扫描仪的进行了仿真成像,成功获得了图像。     

H型钢桩作灾区地基承载桩具抗震减震性能的优势分析

地基处理好坏是建筑物是否牢固的前提,当前,国内地基处理的方式多种多样,不同的地基处理方式所涵盖的技术含量不尽相同,施工工艺不尽相同,应用领域不尽相同,用高频液压振动锤施工H型钢桩作为中小学校建筑、或其他建筑物的承载桩,可有效防止地震对建筑物地基的影响和对建筑物的破坏,从而能有效地减少人民生命财产损失。     

Glacier reconstruction and mass‐balance modelling as a geomorphic and palaeoclimatic tool

The reconstruction of former mountain glaciers has long been used to examine the implications of rapid climate shifts, for example at the last glacial–interglacial transition, and for evaluating asynchronous behaviour of mountain glaciers compared with mid‐latitude ice sheets during the Late Quaternary. Glacier reconstruction has also been used as a source of palaeoclimatic information, based on the recognition of empirical relationships between glaciers and climate. This paper reviews the application and implications of a recently revised method of glacier reconstruction (Carr and Coleman, 2007 ), based around glaciological principles of mass‐balance. This study examines how this approach can be used to test geomorphological interpretations of former mountain glaciation and also to infer precipitation fields at sites of former glaciation. Sites of Younger Dryas niche and icefield glaciation in the British Isles demonstrate how this method can verify interpretations of marginal glaciation and begin to understand the different behaviour of outlet glaciers within the same environmental regime. Examination of a site of former niche glaciation in Southern Africa demonstrates how glacier reconstruction may be used to infer annual and seasonal precipitation values and strongly supports the idea that winter precipitation in Lesotho and SE South Africa was substantially greater than present‐day values during the last glacial cycle. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

联合迭代重构算法在对流层水汽三维重构中的应用研究

通过数值模拟仿真将SIRT算法应用于水汽层析过程,结果显示该算法可以较好地重构水汽的空间分布,并且不受观测方程性质的影响,收敛较快,较之求逆的层析算法更易于实现。     

CT辐射量降低和投影数目研究

改进CT技术的最终目标是用较低的辐射剂量重建出更高质量的图像以降低患癌症的风险.近年来受压缩感知理论的启发,减少投影角度重建一直是减少辐射量的一个热门课题.但是,当辐射剂量固定,减少投影角度并不总是意味着更好的图像质量.本文研究固定辐射剂量下图像质量和扫描角度数目的关系.数值实验表明对于固定的辐射剂量,起初图像质量随着扫描角度数目的增加而提高,但是当扫描角度数目足够大之后图像质量反而下降了.在等角全扫描模式下,对于我们测试的辐射剂量和图像,产生最佳图像质量的最佳扫描角度数目是300,这对于实际的应用具有借鉴意义.     

多层螺旋CT后处理技术对肺隔离症的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT后处理技术在肺隔离症诊断中的应用价值。方法:对13例经手术及病理证实的肺隔离症进行回顾性分析。所有检查采用64排螺旋CT扫描机,先行CT平扫,再行双期增强扫描,然后再行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积再现(VR)。结果:13例肺隔离症患者中,10例的病灶位于左下叶后基底段,3例的病灶位于右下叶后基底段,病灶CT平扫表现为分叶形3例,圆形或卵圆形3例,不规则形7例。增强及重建后13例均显示异常供血动脉。其中异常体动脉供血有9例来自胸主动脉,4例来自腹主动脉。结论:多层螺旋CT及图像后处理技术能准确显示异常动脉血供和引流静脉,在肺隔离症的诊断和术前评估中具有重大价值。      

Mangrove‐forest evolution in a sediment‐rich estuarine system: opportunists or agents of geomorphic change?

The majority of the world's mangrove forests occur on mostly mineral sediments of fluvial origin. Two perspectives exist on the biogeomorphic development of these forests, i.e. that mangroves are opportunistic, with forest development primarily driven by physical processes, or alternatively that biophysical feedbacks strongly influence sedimentation and resulting geomorphology. On the Firth of Thames coast, New Zealand, we evaluate these two possible scenarios for sediment accumulation and forest development using high‐resolution sedimentary records and a detailed chronology of mangrove‐forest (Avicennia marina) development since the 1950s. Cores were collected along a shore‐normal transect of known elevation relative to mean sea level (MSL). Activities for lead‐210 (²¹⁰Pb), caesium‐137 (¹³⁷Cs) and beryllium‐7 (⁷Be), and sediment properties were analysed, with ²¹⁰Pb sediment accumulation rates (SARs), compensated for deep subsidence (~8 mm yr^?1) used as a proxy for elevation gain. At least four phases of forest development since the 1950s are recognized. An old‐growth forest developed by the late‐1970s with more recent seaward forest expansion thereafter. Excess ²¹⁰Pb profiles from the old‐growth forest exhibit relatively low SARs near the top (7–12 mm yr^?1) and bottom (10–22 mm yr^?1) of cores, separated by an interval of higher SARs (33–100 mm yr^?1). A general trend of increasing SAR over time characterizes the recent forest. Biogeomorphic evolution of the system is more complex than simple mudflat accretion/progradation and mangrove‐forest expansion. Surface‐elevation gain in the old‐growth forest displays an asymptotic trajectory, with a secondary depocentre developing on the seaward mudflat from the mid‐1970s. Two‐ to ten‐fold increases in ²¹⁰Pb SARs are unambiguously large and occurred years to decades before seedling recruitment, demonstrating that mangroves do not measurably enhance sedimentation over annual to decadal timescales. This suggests that mangrove‐forest development is largely dependent on physical processes, with forests occupying mudflats once they reach a suitable elevation in the intertidal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于空间重构视角的老工业区人地关系研究——以沈阳市铁西区为例

以铁西老工业区为例,通过2000年、2005年和2010年的航片及遥感影像数据,结合300 m×300 m网格的5 206栋建筑单体的人工调查,基于GIS及制度理论,从空间重构视角揭示了微观尺度人地系统演化特征,阐明了人地结构变化的动力机制。铁西老工业区空间重构主要表现为级差地租支撑下的企业搬迁：1938~2000年呈南北格局,2000年后快速转化为东西格局。以政府、企业和公众为主要分析对象构建空间重构动力分析模型,结果表明：政策条件对人地系统演化具有直接影响,其作用效力依赖于产业结构类型及其与周边区域经济活动的关联性。     

广州民间金融街城市更新模式探讨

通过对政府、企业、产权方等各方主体的深入访谈,辅以必要的资料分析,深入研究了广州民间金融街城市更新的产业重构、更新模式及更新成效。研究发现：广州民间金融街城市更新是一种不同于文化旅游和创意经济带动的历史街区更新的新模式,民间金融产业的发展带动了街区的更新,更新的模式可以概括为物质环境更新、产业空间释放和金融产业注入3个方面,更新使街区环境得以改善、功能得以提升、文化得以保护。最后,通过分析文化旅游和创意经济带动下的城市更新存在的问题,指出历史街区更新的思路应当多元化,除了文化旅游和创意经济外,还可以借助于其他产业的发展来带动街区更新。