Calpionellid zones of the Tithonian–Berriasian exotic limestone clasts from the Outer Carpathians,Poland

Calpionellids and chitinoidellids were identified from exotic limestone clasts occurring in flysch deposits of the Early Cretaceous to Oligocene age from the Silesian and Subsilesian nappes of the Polish Outer Carpathians. They represent the remnants of carbonate sedimentation along the northern and southern margin of the Severin-Moldavidic Basin, areas which are no longer preserved on the surface. Chitinoidellid and calpionellid assemblages characterize the Chitinoidella, Crassicollaria and Calpionella zones (latest early Tithonian–early Berriasian). The calpionellid zonation for the Western Carpathians was used for the present study, but some difficulties were encountered resulting from the application of this zonation. Cathodoluminescence imaging (CL) was useful for the identification of these microfossils in samples containing sparse and poorly preserved specimens, especially in the studied shallow-water limestone (the so-called Štramberk-type limestones).     

Roof model recommendation for complex buildings based on combination rules and symmetry features in footprints

Currently, very few roof shape information for complex buildings is available on OSM. Moreover, additional data requirements (e.g. 3D point clouds) limit the applicability of many roof reconstruction approaches. To mitigate this issue, we propose an approach to roof shape recommendations for complex buildings by exploring the inherited characteristics of building footprints: the disclosure of rectangles combinations in a partition of footprints and the symmetrical features of footprints. First, it decomposes a complex footprint into rectangles by using an advanced minimal non-overlapping cover algorithm. Second, a graph-based symmetry detection algorithm is proposed to identify all the symmetrical sub-clusters in partitions. Then, a set of selection rules are defined to rank partitions, and the best ones are chosen for roof shape recommendation. Finally, a set of combination rules and a symmetry rule are defined. It enables to evaluate the probability of a footprint being a certain combination of roof shapes. Experimental results show the growth of the probability of correctly recommending roof shapes for single rectangles and buildings from a prior probability of 17–45% and from a prior probability of 0.29–14.3%, removing 60% and 93% of the incorrect roof shape options, respectively.     

基于SuperMap的中山市“三旧”改造标图建库

"三旧"改造工作是国土资源管理中的一项非常有意义的工作,不仅有利于节约集约用地、优化土地资源配置,也有利于促进产业结构调整升级,转变经济发展方式。"三旧"改造是国土资源部给予广东"建设节约集约用地试点示范省"的创新政策,是广东特色的内涵挖潜式高效用地新路。基于SuperMap"三旧"改造标图建库结合工作实际,为"三旧"改造整个项目的实施提供了数据基础,通过在SuperMap中建立"三旧"改造地块数据库,从而实现了以图管地和有效监控,全面掌握"三旧"改造用地的总体情况和实施改造工作动态。     

城中村摸查测量项目中存在的若干问题与建议

城中村摸查测量项目是一个集地形测绘、房产测量、附属物清点等内容于一体的综合性工程项目,一般具有工期短、工作量大、投入人员多、外部工作环境复杂等特点,本文详细介绍了此类项目的主要工作内容、工作的重点和难点,并对项目实施过程中的一些常见问题给出了一些有意义的建议.     

Reconstruction and Regional Significance of the Coire Breac Palaeoglacier,Glen Esk,Eastern Grampian Highlands,Scotland

We present a glaciological and climatic reconstruction of a former glacier in Coire Breac, an isolated cirque within the Eastern Grampian plateau of Scotland, 5 km from the Highland edge. Published glacier reconstructions of presumed Younger Dryas‐age glaciers in this area show that equilibrium line altitudes decreased steeply towards the east coast, implying a arctic maritime glacial environment. Extrapolation of the ELA trend surface implies that glaciers should have existed in suitable locations on the plateau, a landscape little modified by glaciation. In Coire Breac, a 0.35 km² cirque glacier existed with an equilibrium line altitude of 487 ± 15 m above present sea level. The equilibrium line altitude matches closely the extrapolated regional equilibrium line altitude trend surface for Younger Dryas Stadial glaciers. The mean glacier thickness of 24 m gives an ice volume of 7.8 × 10⁶ m³, and a maximum basal shear stress of c. 100 kPa^?1. Ablation gradient was c. –0.0055 m m^?1, with a mean July temperature at the equilibrium line altitude of c. 5.1°C. The reconstruction implies an arctic maritime climate of low precipitation with local accumulation enhanced by blown snow, which may explain the absence of other contemporary glaciers nearby. Reconstructed ice flow lines show zones of flow concentration around the lower ice margin which help to explain the distribution of depositional facies associated with a former debris cover which may have delayed eventual glacier retreat. No moraines in the area have been dated, so palaeoclimatic interpretations remain provisional, and a pre‐Lateglacial Interstadial age cannot be ruled out.     

Is a regional flood signal reproducible from lake sediments?

The evolution of flood activity with global warming remains uncertain. To better assess flood–climate relationships, lake sediments are increasingly being investigated because they could provide regional flood histories long enough to cover past climate changes. However, site‐specific sedimentary processes may bias flood reconstructions. The aim of this article is to investigate these effects through the reconstruction of two distinct flood records from independent, neighbouring sedimentary basins of the same lake (Lake Allos in the Mediterranean French Alps), i.e. under the same climate conditions. Understanding of sedimentary processes is crucial in order to adapt the sampling strategy and the flood‐intensity proxy to each sedimentary system and, thereby, reconstruct a complete and reliable flood history. Thanks to this detailed approach, the main trends of the regional flood variability can be reproduced; i.e. periods of high flood‐frequency, ranges of flood‐frequency values and timing of the most intense events. In detail, some differences appeared associated to the various stream capacities to erode and transport flood sediments to the lake system, implying variable sensitivity of sedimentary systems in recording floods. Comparing regional flood records based on independent sedimentary systems from similar environments could thus be a complementary approach to assessing past flood intensity. Such an approach could open particularly interesting perspectives because reconstructing the long‐term evolution of flood intensity is a key challenge in the geosciences.     

Impact of an 0.2 km3 Rock Avalanche on Lake Eibsee (Bavarian Alps,Germany) – Part I: Reconstruction of the paleolake and Effects of the Impact

Rock avalanches destroy and reshape landscapes in only a few minutes and are among the most hazardous processes on Earth. The surface morphology of rock avalanche deposits and the interaction with the underlying material are crucial for runout properties and reach. Water within the travel path is displaced, producing large impact waves and reducing friction, leading to long runouts. We hypothesize that the 0.2 km³ Holocene Eibsee rock avalanche from Mount Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps overran and destroyed Paleolake Eibsee and left a unique sedimentological legacy of processes active during the landslide. We captured 9.5 km of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles across the rock avalanche deposits, with up to 120 m penetration depth and more than 34 000 datum points. The ERT profiles reveal up to ~50 m thick landslide debris, locally covering up to ~30 m of rock debris with entrained fine-grained sediments on top of isolated remnants of decametre-wide paleolake sediments. The ERT profiles allow us to infer processes involved in the interaction of the rock avalanche with bedrock, lake sediments, and morainal sediments, including shearing, bulging, and bulldozing. Complementary data from drilling, a gravel pit exposure, laboratory tests, and geomorphic features were used for ERT calibration. Sediments overrun by the rock avalanche show water-escape structures. Based on all of these datasets, we reconstructed both position and size of the paleolake prior to the catastrophic event. Our reconstruction of the event contributes to process an understanding of the rock avalanche and future modelling and hazard assessment. Here we show how integrated geomorphic, geophysical, and sedimentological approaches can provide detailed insights into the impact of a rock avalanche on a lake. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

A ring-width-based reconstruction of June–July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 from white spruce stands in the Mackenzie Delta region,northwestern Canada

We present a reconstruction of June–July minimum temperatures since AD 1245 for the Mackenzie Delta region based on a 29-site network of white spruce (Picea glauca) ring-width series. Most but not all trees experienced a divergent temperature–growth response, similar to the divergence that has affected other white spruce trees across Yukon and Alaska. However, divergence in the study region began as early as AD 1900 and we have documented our methods to avoid including divergent signals in the reconstruction. Calibration/verification testing based on local temperature data, and multi-century coherence with nearby and large-scale temperature proxy records, confirm that our reconstruction is robust. The reconstruction shows cool conditions in the late 13th, early 18th and early 19th centuries, corresponding with solar minima and increased volcanism. These cool periods are interrupted by warm periods consistent with early to mid-20th century warmth. The late 20th century is the warmest interval, and the last decade is estimated to be 1.4°C warmer than any decade before the mid-20th century. The reconstructed climate history corroborates other proxy-based inferences and supports the notion that high-latitude regions such as the Mackenzie Delta have experienced rapid warming in recent decades that is exceptional in the last eight centuries.     

自然伽马拟声波曲线构建技术探讨

声波测井曲线在地震反演中起着约束和控制模型反演的作用,当其不能反映地层岩性变化时,通常会将现有的非声波测井曲线按照一定的经验公式或统计方法来重构新的声波曲线。但是,这些拟声波曲线构建技术并没有考虑到地层岩石孔隙及孔隙中流体的影响。在考虑到岩石孔隙和孔隙中流体的情况下,拟声波曲线构建技术可以先利用岩石基质的声波速度与自然伽马之间的关系来重构具有声波量纲的新曲线,然后结合原声波曲线中能够反映背景速度的低频信息,构建出新的声波曲线。该方法在鄂尔多斯盆地镇泾地区取得了不错的应用效果。     

绵阳市震后恢复重建中地质灾害的防治工作

面对震后极差的地质环境,成倍增加的地质灾害隐患,绵阳市积极开展各项防治工作,通过及时编制《地质灾害防治专项规划》,有序、高效开展工程治理、避让搬迁、监测预警、群测群防等防治工作,提高了防灾抗灾能力,有效保护了群众生命财产安全。