饱和土表面在水平集中荷载作用下的瞬态反应

分析了水平集中荷载作用在半空间饱和土表面时的瞬态问题。利用Laplace-Hankel变换对非轴对称Biot固结方程进行解耦，利用Laplace-Hankel数值逆变换得到半空间饱和土在时域内的数值解。退化到线弹性中的解与文献中的结果进行比较，验证了文中结果的正确性和数值逆变换的可靠性.可以用于研究地震工程中地震波的传播以及饱和土与结构之间相互作用等问题。     

龙马溪组页岩数字岩心动态法弹性等效数值建模

数字岩心是计算岩石弹性性质的一类常用方法.龙马溪组页岩具有多矿物构成、复杂微结构和强非均质等特征,常规岩石物理的弹性等效解析建模局限性较大,目前流行的静态数值等效建模方法的精度有限.本文基于高分辨率的页岩数字岩心数据,采用多阈值分割方法将数字岩心分解为黏土、石英、孔隙、TOC、长石类、黄铁矿类等六种矿物类型;利用矿物组分等效模量法计算各类矿物的弹性模量;采用二元函数分水岭方法表征不同压力下的岩石孔隙变形和颗粒接触关系变化;通过取向分布函数（ODF）定量分析矿物颗粒展布造成的各向异性特征.最后基于Biot孔弹方程,采用不分裂卷积完全匹配层（CPML）旋转交错网格有限差分法模拟不同压力下弹性波在数字岩心中的传播.以未加压的数字岩心为参考模型,计算不同压力下弹性波走时的平均时间差,进而估算各压力点的数字岩心等效速度.与该岩心样品的超声实验测量速度比较,动态法数值计算结果略偏高,据此校正数值计算过程中表征岩石微结构及颗粒接触关系随压力变化的二元函数,有效改善动态法弹性等效数值建模精度.

     

A new mixed finite element method for poro‐elasticity

Development of robust numerical solutions for poro‐elasticity is an important and timely issue in modern computational geomechanics. Recently, research in this area has seen a surge in activity, not only because of increased interest in coupled problems relevant to the petroleum industry, but also due to emerging applications of poro‐elasticity for modelling problems in biomedical engineering and materials science. In this paper, an original mixed least‐squares method for solving Biot consolidation problems is developed. The solution is obtained via minimization of a least‐squares functional, based upon the equations of equilibrium, the equations of continuity and weak forms of the constitutive relationships for elasticity and Darcy flow. The formulation involves four separate categories of unknowns: displacements, stresses, fluid pressures and velocities. Each of these unknowns is approximated by linear continuous functions. The mathematical formulation is implemented in an original computer program, written from scratch and using object‐oriented logic. The performance of the method is tested on one‐ and two‐dimensional classical problems in poro‐elasticity. The numerical experiments suggest the same rates of convergence for all four types of variables, when the same interpolation spaces are used. The continuous linear triangles show the same rates of convergence for both compressible and entirely incompressible elastic solids. This mixed formulation results in non‐oscillating fluid pressures over entire domain for different moments of time. The method appears to be naturally stable, without any need of additional stabilization terms with mesh‐dependent parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intrinsic poroelasticity constants and a semilinear model

This paper presents an intrinsic micromechanical model for poroelasticity that leads to an alternative set of material constants. In the intrinsic model, the deformations of the solid phase, the fluid phase, and the pore space are explicitly modeled, and porosity is considered as a primary variable. The averaging process distinguishes an external frame surface averaging and an internal phase volume averaging. The variational principle leads to a porosity equilibrium equation that defines the nonlinear deformation of pore volume. Three fundamental deformation modes with their intrinsic material constants are identified: the shape preserving volumetric deformation of the solid phase, the porosity change due to solid grain rearrangement, and the porosity change associated with the microanisotropy and microinhomogeneity of solid phase. The linearized model is fully consistent with the Biot theory of poroelasticity. A semilinear model considering only porosity deformation nonlinearity with linear material constant leads to a universal exponential strain hardening law. The theory is tested against laboratory data of sandstone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下结构碎石排水层抗液化措施数值试验

过数值模拟验证液化的隔振作用。在浅埋地下结构周围设置碎石排水层,应用FLAC3D作碎石排水层法抗液化数值模拟试验,分析不同碎石排水层方案的抗液化效果和液化场施加碎石排水层后地下结构的动力特性变化。计算结果表明,典型液化场中砂土达到液化状态,其加速度、速度、位移振幅马上衰减;砂土在液化状态变为流体,液化过程是砂土体积压应变不断积累增大的过程,液化后体积压应变积累不再增加,液化土有效应力和抗剪强度均为0,不能传递剪力,起隔离外界力的作用,液化场中结构的加速度反应也比非液化场或弹性场小。液化场中结构的存在降低了其周围的动水压力,结构阻障了周围土液化的产生。液化场中地下结构周围设置碎石排水层,结构周围则不会液化,远处液化场超静水压力显著降低,结构不出现上浮,结构下沉,水平漂移减小,内力增大。研究成果为地下结构穿越液化土层设计提供理论及试验基础     

部分饱和孔隙岩石中声波传播数值研究

利用基于Biot理论的孔隙弹性介质的高阶交错网格有限差分算法,模拟了具有随机分布特征的多种流体饱和岩石中声波在中心频率分别为25,50,75,100kHz时的声场特点. 对于一个由两种成分（气和水）饱和的岩石模型, 假设含不同流体的孔隙介质随机分布在不同的宏观区域,该区域尺度远小于计算的声波波长;组成模型的两种随机分布介质具有相同的固体骨架参数、渗透率和孔隙度,但分别被具有不同压缩性、密度和黏滞系数特性的水和气饱和. 计算和统计分析结果表明,在两种孔隙成分随机分布的部分饱和条件下纵波速度比较复杂,除骨架参数外,其变化主要依赖于中心频率、各种孔隙成分饱和度及饱和介质的速度. 比较该随机分布模型、Gassmann理论模型和White的“气包”模型,发现三种模型得到的纵波速度和衰减规律有较好的定性对应关系. 其次,按照这种随机计算模型的处理方法,本文还首次计算了一个三种流体成分充填饱和的例子,即岩石模型中的孔隙被水、油和气部分饱和,计算时保持模型含水饱和度不变而只改变含油和含气饱和度. 在这种计算条件下,纵波速度随中心频率呈增大的趋势但有起伏变化. 声场快照显示了各种转换波在多种孔隙成分充填（两种和三种孔隙成分）岩石中的声场特征,复杂的水-油-气界面的非均匀分布对声场有重要影响,纵波能量主要转换形成了较为复杂的多种慢纵波和横波.