大别山造山带北部麻粒岩相岩石的若干特征

本文着重对大别山造山带北部麻粒岩相岩石的地质、矿物共生组合及矿物变质、变形等若干特征作了探讨。认为本区至少存在四种类型高压麻粒岩相岩石，形成的温、压条件分别为８０８－８７５℃和１．０－１．２０ＧＰａ，并且早期可能曾经历过榴辉岩相变质作用。主要韧性变形特征表现为紫苏辉石的碎斑结构、不对称压力影、解理弯曲；斜长石的碎斑旋转、不对称压力影、亚颗粒化、核—幔构造、双晶弯曲、变形双晶和扫描性波状消光（Ｓｗｅｅｐｉｎｇｕｎｄｕｌｏｓｅｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ）；石榴子石亚颗粒、核—幔构造、碎斑旋转与不对称压力影；富钛的红棕色黑云母解理弯曲、扭折等。由矿物共生组合及变质、变形特征等表明本区麻粒岩相岩石实际上是麻粒岩相条件下形成的糜棱岩。     

汾渭断陷带构造特征的数学模拟

本文运用有限元计算方法模拟汾渭断陷带构造的地质和地球物理特征,并试图探讨其动力条件和构造应力分布。计算结果指出:单考虑水平作用力不能很好解释汾渭断陷带的构造特征,还应该考虑垂直力的作用。文中讨论了地幔隆起的两种主要力学作用,并尝试把垂直作用的效果反映在平面问题的模拟中     

Variation in vertical stress in the Baram Basin, Brunei: tectonic and geomechanical implications

The vertical or lithostatic stress is an important factor in tectonic and geomechanical studies and is commonly used in the prediction of pore pressures and fracture gradients. However, the vertical stress is not always calculated in situ and the approximation of 1.0 psi/ft (22.63 MPa/km) is often used for the vertical stress gradient. Vertical stress has been determined in 24 fields in the Baram Basin, Brunei, using density log and checkshot velocity survey data. The Baram Basin shows a variation in vertical stress gradient between 18.3 and 24.3 MPa/km at 1500 m depth below the surface. This variation has a significant effect on in situ stress related issues in field development such as wellbore stability and fracture stimulation. The variation is caused by a bulk rock density change of 2.48–2.07 g/cm³ from the hinterland of the delta to its front. Differential uplift and erosion of the delta hinterland and undercompaction associated with overpressure are the interpreted causes of the density and hence vertical stress variation.     

Geodetic constraints to the kinematics of the Kapareli fault, reactivated during the 1981, Gulf of Corinth earthquakes

Comparison of historical and of post-seismic triangulation data is used to model vertical crustal movements in the vicinity of the Kapareli Fault (or the Alkynonides earthquakes North Fault), one of the two antithetic normal faults which reactivated during the 1981, Gulf of Corinth (Ms = 6.7) earthquakes. This fault is characterized by a much smaller geomorphological signature than the South (or Perachora) fault of the same seismic sequence. Analysis of geodetic data on the basis of polynomial filtering and elastic dislocation modelling, as well as analysis of structural and coastal change data permits us to conclude that the upper bound in the uncertainty level of most of the available elevation changes is 20–30 cm, usually lower than the corresponding dislocation signal. In addition, the available geodetic data have a systematic pattern and are consistent with structural data. For this reason they permit more precise constraints on the geometry and the role of the Kapareli Fault (or the Alkyonides earthquakes North Fault): its total length is estimated about 17 km, about 50% longer than its surface trace; about 30–40 cm subsidence of its hanging wall, as well as at least 15 cm maximum uplift of its footwall is also inferred. This new evidence suggests that although in the long-term the Kapareli fault may represent a rather secondary, antithetic fault to the Alkyonides earthquakes South (Perachora) fault, during the 1981 earthquakes it probably had a more important structural role.     

Uplift capacity of single piles: predictions and performance

The paper pertains to the development of a simple semi-empirical model for predicting the uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand. Various pile and soil parameters such as length (L), diameter (d) of the pile and angle of friction (ϕ), soil–pile friction angle (δ) and unit weight (γ) of the soil which have direct influence on the uplift capacity of the pile are incorporated in the analysis. A comparative assessment of the ultimate uplift capacity of piles predicted by using the proposed theory and some of the available theories are made with respect to each other and with reference to the measured values obtained from model tests in the laboratory. For this purpose experimental data have been collected from the literature and also from model tests conducted as a part of the present investigation. The study shows the proposed model has an excellent potential in predicting the uplift capacity of piles embedded in sand that are consistent with model pile test results.     

江南造山带雪峰隆起区元古宙浊积岩沉积构造背景的地球化学制约

江南造山带雪峰隆起区元古宙浊积岩的地球化学组成良好地反映了沉积盆地的板块构造性质,并为解释区域大地构造的性质和演化提供了有用的信息。中元古代冷家溪群和新元古代板溪群(包括下部马底驿组和上部五强溪组)地层在主元素成分上无明显区别,总体上以中等SiO2含量和K2O/Na2O比值以及较高的(Fe2O3+MgO)含量为特征。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线与典型的后太古宙页岩(如PAAS或NASC)和上陆壳相似,以轻稀土富集、显著的铕负异常和重稀土平坦为特征。大离子亲石元素和铁镁族元素的含量中等。主元素和微量元素特征指示了研究区元古宙浊积岩很可能代表了一套活动大陆边缘弧后沉积盆地的产物。陆内裂谷盆地模式对于解释新元古代华南地区的构造性质和演化可能并不合适。华夏陆块与扬子陆块的拼接以及Rodinia超大陆的最终形成可能发生在约0.8Ga左右的晋宁(雪峰)造山运动期,而不是全球Grenville造山期末的四堡(东安)运动期。     

东大别地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的构造意义初析

东大别山地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄值为59.4±3.4～105.6±9.8Ma,具跨度较大,空间分布不均匀,沿主要断裂走向及倾向均不连续的特点。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄的这些特点暗示的构造意义可能是:自燕山运动以来研究区的构造抬升为缓慢且不均匀格局;晓天—磨子潭断裂中段在第三纪时可能有逆冲活动;由磷灰石封闭径迹长度及单颗粒磷灰石年龄进行的初步热历史模拟分析显示,距今约45～55Ma,郯庐断裂和晓天—磨子潭断裂曾再次活动,前者活动规模较后者大;断裂活动可能是该区不均匀构造抬升的主要控制因素之一。     

Two layer model of lithospheric compression and uplift/exhumation in an intracratonic setting: an example from the Cooper–Eromanga Basins,Australia

Seismic reflection profiles indicate the compressive nature of the structural style associated with the major uplift events in the Cooper–Eromanga Basins. Inversion geometries and reactivated features attest to a period of compression during Late Triassic–Early Jurassic times. In the Eromanga Basin, compressional structural styles associated with Late Cretaceous–Tertiary are apparent. Many of the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary structures coincide with exhumation highs in Late Cretaceous–Tertiary times. The two-layer lithospheric compression model is considered as the most complete explanation of both the uplift of areas subject to compression and crustal thickening, and of the regional uplift of areas not subject to any apparent Late Cretaceous–Tertiary compression. In the model, compression and thickening in the lower lithosphere is decoupled and laterally displaced from that in the upper crust. Thickening of the mantle lithosphere without thickening of the overlying crust can account for the initial subsidence then uplift of not inverted platform areas. The opening of the Tasman Sea and the Coral Seas can lead to stress transmission in the interior of the continent. These stresses are likely to generate uplift but cannot explain the distribution of uplift in areas not subject to compression.     

天津自由贸易试验区发展演化动力机制

自由经济区作为经济全球化和区域经济一体化的产物,近年来已成为促进各国,尤其是发展中国家经济发展的增长极、城市化的驱动力以及制度创新的重要平台。在中国,为应对全球化与世界贸易格局的新挑战,增强深化改革开放新动力,实施国家“一带一路”和京津冀一体化发展战略,贸易型自由经济区如自由贸易区的建设显得尤为迫切。目前一些专家学者对自由经济区发展规律与影响因素进行了定性分析与归纳,但运用定量研究方法从动力机制角度探讨其演化规律的研究还不多见。因此,本文在借鉴国内外关于自由经济区理论及案例研究基础上,应用访谈、问卷等形式采集数据,综合运用层次分析和模糊评价分析方法,选用政策、市场、环境、产业、要素、效益和创新驱动力7个要素,建立了自由经济区发展演化动力机制评价模型和指标体系;最后,运用该模型,结合天津滨海新区实际情况,系统分析了影响天津自由贸易试验区发展演化主要动力因子及动力机制,从而预测未来天津自由贸易试验区发展演化模式;最后,探讨了该研究对中国其他自由贸易试验区发展与演化的意义。本文对中国未来自由经济区的转型与发展以及理论研究具有参考价值。     

Seismic simulation of liquefaction-induced uplift behavior of a hollow cylinder structure buried in shallow ground

When designing buried structures using a performance-based framework, it is important to estimate their uplift displacement. A simplified method is proposed for predicting the uplift displacement of a hollow cylinder structure buried in shallow backfill based on the equilibrium of vertical forces acting on the structure during earthquakes. However, this method only provides the maximum value, which frequently is overestimated in practical applications. To offset this limitation, first, the uplift behavior of buried hollow cylinder structures subjected to strong earthquake motions was simulated. Then, two-dimensional effective stress analyses based on the multiple shear mechanism for soil were conducted, and the results were compared with the centrifuge test data. The soil parameters were evaluated based on laboratory test results. The seismic response data from 20 g centrifuge tests were analyzed, and the results were generally consistent with the results of centrifuge model tests. In particular, the effective stress model showed a reasonable ability to reproduce the varying degrees of uplift displacement depending on the geotechnical conditions of trench soils adjacent to the hollow cylinder structures buried in shallow ground.