芜湖市中山北路地下通道基坑支护及稳定性计算

根据芜湖市中山北路地下通道基坑勘察报告, 提出排桩支护和内支撑为本基坑的围护结构方案, 同时考虑基坑外侧杂填土层较厚, 在基坑支护结构外侧设置压密注浆止水帷幕。最后采用瑞典条分法、普朗德尔理论和太沙基等理论分别对基坑的整体以及抗倾覆稳定性进行分析, 并且对基坑抗隆起进行了验算。计算与分析结果证明了以上稳定性及隆起验算均符合安全性要求, 基坑的支护方案是可行的, 支护方法与验算方法为同类工程设计与验算提供参考。     

青藏高原晚始新世干旱化事件：改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素的记录

改则盆地位于青藏高原腹地,盆地内沉积物记录了高原古环境变化的重要信息。本文对改则盆地康托组碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素进行研究,结果显示改则盆地中-晚始新世的演化分为两个阶段:1中始新世湿润气候下开放湖盆阶段:虽然碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值在43层处向正值偏移,但整体~(18)O和~(13)C强烈亏损,并且该时期碳酸盐岩δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C变化相关系数为R~2=0.082。表明该阶段的研究区虽然经历过短期蒸发作用增强或补给水减少,但整体是气候湿润条件下补给水丰富的开放型湖盆。2晚始新世干旱气候下封闭湖盆阶段:经过中新世晚期(63层)气候和湖泊水文状态的过渡,晚始新世~(18)O和~(13)C同位素富集,δ~(18)O值和δ~(13)C值变化相关系数为R~2=0.7762。表明该阶段气候干旱,蒸发作用强烈,湖盆萎缩成为封闭湖盆。综合前人研究,认为青藏高原腹地及北缘、东北缘在晚始新世存在明显的区域性干旱化事件。对比分析青藏高原隆升、全球气候记录、全球海水Sr和大气CO_2记录,认为青藏高原腹地和北部的干旱化事件主要受青藏高原隆升的影响。     

Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Uplift and subsidence from oblique slip: the Ganos–Marmara bend of the North Anatolian Transform, western Turkey

Bends that locally violate plate-motion-parallel geometry are common structural elements of continental transform faults. We relate the vertical component of crustal motion in the western Marmara Sea region to the NNW-pointing 18° bend on the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF-N) between the Ganos segment, which ruptured in 1912, and the central Marmara segment, a seismic gap. Crustal shortening and uplift on the transpressive west side of the bend results in the Ganos Mountain; crustal extension and subsidence on the transtensional east side produce the Tekirdağ Basin. We propose that this vertical component of deformation is controlled by oblique slip on the non-vertical north-dipping Ganos and Tekirdağ segments of the North Anatolian Fault. We compare Holocene with Quaternary structure across the bend using new and recently published data and conclude the following. First, bend-related vertical motion is occurring primarily north of the NAF-N. This suggests that this bend is fixed to the Anatolian side of the fault. Second, current deformation is consistent with an antisymmetric pattern centered at the bend, up on the west and down on the east. Accumulated deformation is shifted to the east along the right-lateral NAF-N, however, leading to locally opposite vertical components of long- and short-term motion. Uplift has started as far west as the landward extension of the Saros trough. Current subsidence is most intense close to the bend and to the Ganos Mountain, while the basin deepens gradually from the bend eastward for 28 km along the fault. The pattern of deformation is time-transgressive if referenced to the material, but is stable if referenced to the bend. The lag between motion and structure implies a 1.1–1.4 Ma age for the basin at current dextral slip rate (2.0–2.5 cm/year). Third, the Tekirdağ is an asymmetric basin progressively tilted down toward the NAF-N, which serves as the border fault. Progressive tilt suggests that the steep northward dip of the fault decreases with depth in a listric geometry at the scale of the upper crust and is consistent with reactivation of Paleogene suture-related thrust faults. Fourth, similar thrust-fault geometry west of the bend can account for the Ganos Mountain anticline/monocline as hanging-wall-block folding and back tilting. Oblique slip on a non-vertical master fault may accommodate transtension and transpression associated with other bends along the NAF and other continental transforms.     

辽西凸起南段沙河街组双向物源沉积模式及油气勘探意义

古近系储层发育程度一直是制约辽西凸起南段勘探突破的关键因素。运用钻井地质、磷灰石裂变径迹分析、三维地震等基础资料,针对辽西凸起南段沙河街组储层发育问题,开展精细古热史-构造演化分析、古地貌半定量刻画,对目标区沙河街组储层进行预测,结果表明：辽西凸起南段主要经历了新生代早期构造抬升、古近纪沙河街组沉积期构造沉降、东营组沉积期构造反转和新近纪构造定型4个演化时期;断裂体系可划分为长期活动型、早断早衰型、晚断晚衰型3种断裂类型;辽西凹陷具有“盆满砂溢”的先天供源条件,构造演化的分段性特征又造成辽西凸起南段形成了特殊的“链状岛湾”沉积地貌,既可以为围区提供物源,形成近源沉积体,又可以形成较大的可容纳空间,汇聚来自于辽西凹陷满溢的砂体,在辽西凸起上形成了双向供源沉积模式。以上认识推动了旅大4-3油田的油气勘探评价,且对凸起围区的油气勘探具有较好的借鉴意义。     

苏北废黄河口滨海港建设对近海水沙和床面冲淤的影响

以废黄河三角洲海岸盐城市滨海港的建设为背景,通过建立二维潮流泥沙数学模型,模拟建港前后水动力场环境与泥沙运移变化,分析滨海港建设对近海水沙的影响。南北堤建成后,流速变化主要集中在防波堤建设区域15 m等深线以内海域,变化量为−0.8～0.5 m/s。北堤堤头流速增幅明显,除大潮落急外港区均处在流速减小区,流速衰减幅度最高可达0.6 m/s。建港工程造成海域内潮汐不规则性减弱,主要分潮的平均振幅比降低约10%。建港工程对近海地貌格局的影响集中在港区周围8 km范围,且基本在16 m等深线以内海域,淤积区域分布在港区口门周围,冲刷区域分布在北堤堤头,床面变化随着时间推移加剧。     

基于匹配追踪算法的叠后烃检技术在渤海QHD33/34构造的应用

渤海中北部海域的QHD33/34构造位于石臼坨凸起中段及中段东南部斜坡带上。受新构造运动影响,石臼坨凸起浅层发育一系列NE向、近EW向晚期活动断层,在斜坡带浅层明化镇组形成了多个断鼻、断块型圈闭,但是构造圈闭面积总体较小、幅度低,并且受断层对油气疏导作用影响,油气成藏有一定的风险。为揭示QHD33/34构造浅层储层的含油气性,应用基于匹配追踪算法的低频增加梯度异常对该区进行烃类检测,取得了一定效果。最终烃检结果与已钻井揭示的构造浅层储层含油气性较匹配,吻合率达到79%,应用烃检结果可进一步指导该构造井位部署,尽最大可能规避风险。通过研究表明,在研究区浅层,基于匹配追踪算法的低频增加梯度异常能够最大程度上识别油层与水层。该方法能够识别大于3 m的油层,水层则没有明显响应特征,应用该方法进行烃类检测,效果明显。     

基于水化学同位素技术的地热储层成因模式对比分析——以鲁西北埕宁隆起区为例

埕宁隆起区是我国重要的地热资源富集地区之一,了解地热田的成因模式对于地热资源的可持续开发利用具有重要意义。采用水化学同位素手段,对埕宁隆起区馆陶组砂岩热储和寒武−奥陶系岩溶热储成因进行对比分析,结果表明：砂岩热储地热水是地质历史时期的大气降水入渗补给的产物,为侧向径流补给水,而岩溶热储地热水不是直接来源于大气降水的就近入渗补给,而是经过较长距离的径流过程,具有明显的氢氧漂移现象。两套热储地热水补给高程、热储温度及热水循环深度分别为459 m和557 m、66 ℃和72 ℃、1 420 m和1 795 m。此外,研究成果还揭示埕宁隆起区地热水补给区位于泰山地区,其地热系统热源为地壳深部及少部分上地幔传导热流。     

鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷耦合关系分析

通过分析鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征,结合二者的空间分布、时间演化及构造上的相关性,发现同处于伸展构造环境且相邻的鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在地壳结构特征存在明显不同.济阳拗陷表现为地壳均衡的镜像结构特征,不同于地壳呈向上隆起状的鲁西隆起,说明鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷在成因上存在明显差异.济阳拗陷的伸展过程并非由地幔物质主动上涌造成,应是鲁西隆起在隆升过程对济阳拗陷地壳的拖拽作用,鲁西隆起和济阳拗陷的地壳结构特征反映出它们在成因上具有明显的耦合性.     

吉林龙岗火山区形变特征与隆升机理分析

吉林龙岗火山区是第四纪活动火山,具有潜在喷发危险。通过GNSS和水准资料分析区域三维地壳运动,得出2011—2019年相对欧亚板块水平运动以东南向为主,速度＜10 mm/a。敦化-密山断裂以东受日本2011年“3·11地震”影响强烈,现以拉张运动为主;近年来水准资料揭示火山区垂直运动以隆升为主。2014—2019年的InSAR资料显示隆升集中在靖宇一带。结合MT剖面反演得到的深部电性结构,龙岗火山区西侧高阻体分布在深度18 km以上,金龙顶子火山下方最浅。中部为早期喷发形成的火山,下方高阻体分布在深度40 km以上,东侧抚松一带分布在深度约20 km以上,地壳范围内的高阻结构表明岩浆已固结。高阻结构层可分辨出断层两侧电阻的差异性。高阻体下方存在大规模低阻结构,推测为中下地壳岩浆系统。金龙顶子火山深度10 km以下的低阻结构可能为岩浆通道,并与中下地壳岩浆系统相连。东侧区域岩浆平均深度约30 km,相对较浅。龙岗火山区幔源物质的上涌及间断性的向上运移引起地壳隆升及地震活动。