晚三叠世火山活动对鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源岩发育的影响

岩芯和露头剖面观察结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地长7优质烃源层中广泛分布薄层和纹层状凝灰岩,薄层凝灰岩的SiO2含量介于49．37％-72．45％之间,以中、酸性为主。岩石薄片的镜下观察结果表明,常见晶屑凝灰岩、玻屑凝灰岩和双屑凝灰岩,并可见到呈有序结构（成分和粒度）的凝灰岩纹层,同期喷发、大气降落沉积特征明显。根据其岩石类型、主元素和微量元素组成、锆石U—Pb年龄等的对比,以及凝灰岩的平面分布特征判断,盆地内长7优质烃源层中的凝灰岩可能主要来自秦岭地区的同期火山喷发活动。扬子与华北陆块碰撞、秦岭造山的区域构造活动的活跃是引起长7最大湖泛的主要动力因素,为优质烃源岩发育提供了基本的地质条件,同期频繁的火山喷发活动与湖底热液活动等共同促进了优质烃源岩的大规模发育。     

Late Quaternary geology of Ambitle Volcano,Feni Island Group,Papua New Guinea

Ambitle Volcano (new name) is the most recently active of four eruptive centres that make up the mainly Pliocene–Pleistocene Tabar–Lihir–Tanga–Feni (TLTF) alkalic volcanic province, located in the New Ireland Basin, Papua New Guinea. Ambitle Volcano is a submarine and subaerial stratovolcano occupying all of Ambitle Island. The volcano rises 2500 m above the surrounding sea floor to sea level and, with a maximum elevation of 479 m above sea level, indicates a structure nearly 3000 m high. Volcanic deposits rest unconformably on Oligocene basement rocks of the New Ireland Basin. The cone of Ambitle Volcano is constructed mainly of lavas and pyroclastic and epiclastic rocks; lavas are commonly vesiculated. These lavas are strongly undersaturated and intermediate in composition (phonolitic tephrite and tephritic phonolite) with alkali basalt, tephrite and basanite and trachybasalt and trachyandesite also present. Syenite porphyry and monzonite stocks intrude the cone-forming mafic–intermediate sequence at Kabang–Matangkaka and in the upper Nanum River. The central part of the Ambitle Volcano is now modified as a prominent semi-circular topographic rim around the Nanum Valley. The Nanum Valley Crater (new name) is the product of large-scale summit failure of the SW flanks of the summit of the Ambitle Volcano. This event is dated no younger than 0.68–0.49 Ma. The Ambitle Crater (new name), the product of Late Quaternary resurgence of volcanism following sector collapse of Ambitle Volcano, is located in the NE portion of the Nanum Valley Crater. The crater is elongated NNE and measures 900 m × 550 m at its widest development. The strong NNE–SSW linearity of the western rim of Ambitle Crater is structurally controlled by the Kabang Fault. Tephra was erupted from the Ambitle Crater at 2300 ± 100 a and is widely dispersed throughout the Nanum Valley Crater and beyond. This is the youngest volcanic event in the TLTF volcanic province. The Niffin graben is a major NW–SE-trending structural corridor that transects Ambitle Island. The structural corridor is parallel to the NW–SE strike of the TLTF volcanic province suggesting it has been an important control on magmatism and volcanism. Presently active geothermal systems are located along Niffin graben structures in the western valleys of the island and in the Nanum Valley Crater. The volcanic rocks of Ambitle Volcano host porphyry Cu–Au style mineralisation and epithermal Ladolam-type Au mineralisation. Extensive exploration including surface sampling and subsurface drilling completed since 1983 on many prospects has not defined an economic resource.     

CENOZOIC VOLCANISM AND LITHOSPHERETECTONIC EVOLUTION IN NORTH TIBET

CENOZOIC VOLCANISM AND LITHOSPHERETECTONIC EVOLUTION IN NORTH TIBET     

SHRIMP Geochronology of Volcanics of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, Northern Hebei Province, with a Discussion on the Age of the Xing''''anling Group of the Great Hinggan Mountains and Volcanic Strata of the Southeastern Coastal Area of China

A zircon U-Pb geochronological study on the volcanic rocks reveals that both of the Zhangjiakou and Yixian Formations, northern Hebei Province, are of the Early Cretaceous, with ages of 135-130 Ma and 129-120 Ma, respectively. It is pointed out that the ages of sedimentary basins and volcanism in the northern Hebei -western Liaoning area become younger from west to east, i. e. the volcanism of the Luanping Basin commenced at c. 135 Ma, the Luotuo Mount area of the Chengde Basin c. 130 Ma, and western Liaoning c. 128 Ma. With a correlation of geochronological stratigraphy and biostratigraphy, we deduce that the Xing'anling Group, which comprises the Great Hinggan Mountains volcanic rock belt in eastern China, is predominantly of the early-middle Early Cretaceous, while the Jiande and Shimaoshan Groups and their equivalents, which form the volcanic rock belt in the southeastern coast area of China, are of the mid-late Early Cretaceous, and both the Jehol and Jiande Biotas are of the Early Cretaceous, not L     

Geochemical constraints on the origin of bimodal magmatism at the Okinawa Trough, an incipient back-arc basin

The magmatism at the axial zone of the middle Okinawa Trough, a young continental back-arc basin, comprises a bimodal basaltic–rhyolitic suite, accompanied by minor intermediate rocks. We report major and trace element and Sr–Nd isotopic data for the intermediate to silicic suites, to provide constraints on their petrogenesis. The rhyolites, recovered as lava and pumice, fall into three geochemical groups (type 1, 2, and 3 rhyolites). Type 1 rhyolites have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7040–0.7042) and ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.5128–0.5129) identical to those of associated basalts, and are characterized by highly fractionated REE patterns. Petrogenesis of type 1 rhyolites is explicable in terms of fractional crystallization of the associated basalt. In contrast, type 2 rhyolites and andesite have slightly higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.7044–0.7047) but similar ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.5128) compared to those of the basalts. The compositions of type 2 rhyolite and andesite can be explained by assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) processes of the basalt magma; quantitative analysis suggests assimilation/fractional crystallization (M_a/M_c) ratios of ≤0.05. Hybrid andesite generated by mixing of evolved basalt and type 1 rhyolite is also present. We emphasize that mechanical extension in this part of the Okinawa Trough involves gabbroic lower crust that resulted from fractionation of mantle-derived basaltic magmas. Type 3 rhyolite occurs only as pumice, which makes its derivation questionable. This rhyolite has major and trace element compositions and Sr–Nd isotopic ratios, which suggests that it may be derived from volcanic activity on the southern Ryukyu volcanic front, and arrived in the Okinawa Trough by drifting on the Kuroshio Current.     

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统古老碱湖成因探究：来自全球碱湖沉积的启示

碱湖沉积在全球范围内均有分布,在特定的构造背景、火山活动、热液作用及气候条件下形成。我国准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组发育的碱湖沉积形成年代老且埋藏较深,在完整的沉积-成岩演化研究中具有独特优势。此外,风城组碱湖沉积的分布与页岩油藏的分布具有密切关系,其形成演化对碱湖页岩油藏研究提供重要支持。通过全球尺度下碱湖及碱湖沉积主要特征分析,总结碱湖沉积特征和成因,为准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖沉积成因分析提供借鉴。综合分析表明,同期火山活动和特定气候条件均可主控碱湖沉积的形成。此外,碱湖沉积形成需湖盆水文封闭、充足的溶质供给、低硫酸盐占比及强蒸发环境条件。汇总分析全球碱湖沉积矿物种类与埋深关系,发现成岩作用下矿物转变规律:单斜钠钙石随成岩作用增强依次转变为钙水碱、碳钠钙石,苏打石和天然碱转变为碳酸氢钠石。通过与全球碱湖沉积实例对比分析可知,玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖沉积中碳酸氢钠石和碳钠钙石经成岩作用形成,钠硅酸盐矿物和特征矿物与火山活动及热液作用有关。碳酸氢钠石生长形态及磁黄铁矿指示玛湖凹陷风城组碱湖沉积中心为高盐度分层且底部缺氧的常年生湖泊。下二叠统风城组碱湖沉积形成与周缘火山岩及同沉积火山活动密切相关,受气候、构造背景、火山活动和后期成岩作用的共同控制。     

Petrological and geochronological constraints on the formation, subduction and exhumation of the continental crust in the southern Sulu orogen, eastern-central China

Detailed petrological, geochemical and geochronological studies were carried out for the core samples from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Main Hole (CCSD-MH) with a final depth of 5158 m. This borehole has penetrated into an ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic slice consisting mainly of eclogites, gneisses, garnet-pyroxenites and garnet-peridotites. Geochemical characteristics indicate that their protoliths are igneous rocks, and occur in a continental rifting tectonic setting. Quartz-, rutile- and ilmenite-rich eclogites from 0 to 710 m occur as alternating layers; the eclogites, together with interlayers of peridotites and gneisses form a layered ultramafic-mafic-acidic intrusion, which was formed by extensive fractional crystallization of basaltic magma in continental environments. The granitic gneisses from 1190 to 1505 m and 3460 to 5118 m show affinity to within-plate granite, whereas the granitic gneisses from 710 to 1190 m and 1505 to 3460 m exhibit characteristics of volcanic-arc granite. Zircon U-Pb dating demonstrates that the magmatic zircon cores, which have relatively high Th/U ratios (mostly > 0.4), from both eclogites and gneisses, yield the same age at c. 788.8 Ma, suggesting that the protoliths of UHP rocks were formed by bimodal magmatism in Neoproterozoic rifting tectonic zones along the northern margin of the Yangtze Plate, in response to the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia. U-Pb dating of metamorphic zircons with coesite and other eclogite-facies mineral inclusions and with relatively low Th/U ratios (mostly < 0.14) gives similar Triassic ages, which define two main zircon-forming events at 221.1 Ma and 216.7 Ma. We suggest that the older weighted mean age represents the peak-UHP metamorphic event at a pressure of 5.0 GPa (corresponds to ∼ 165 km depth), whereas the younger mean age reflects the UHP/HP retrograde event at a pressure 2.8 GPa (∼ 92 km depth). Therefore, a maximum rate of vertical movement during early exhumation of the UHP rocks from the Sulu orogen would be 17 mm/year, which is quite similar to initial exhumation rates (16 to 35 mm/year) of many UHP terranes in the world.