太古宙TTG 能否与埃达克岩对比？——全球数据给出的结果

文中收集了全球太古宙TTG 和后太古宙埃达克岩的数据,研究对比表明,太古宙TTG 不同于埃达克岩,早先学术界认为太古宙TTG 相当于现代的埃达克岩,是一个错误的见解,是一个伪命题。TTG 术语最早出现时并没有类似于埃达克岩的见解,后来发现了埃达克岩才引出二者类似的认识。为什么会出现这种见解？推测有两种可能：1）早先的研究均来自抽样的研究,即从典型到一般的推理方法。但是,抽样研究可能没有代表性。2）TTG平均值的误导,TTG 的Sr的平均值的确＞400×10^-6,相当于埃达克岩,但是,通过分析TTG 全球数据表明,TTG 中的Sr含量变化很大,与埃达克岩没有关系。TTG 主要出现在太古宙,后太古宙很少;TTG 是太古宙岩石地壳的主体;而埃达克岩主要出现在后太古宙,是火山岩中很少的类型。这表明,TTG 和埃达克岩分别处于不同的构造体制。太古宙异常的热,可能还没有板块构造。太古宙的岩浆岩（包括TTG）即使与后太古宙某些岩浆岩具有类似的地球化学特征,可能也不能照搬现代板块构造的解释。     

Connotation and Evaluation Index System of Beautiful China for SDGs

The construction of Beautiful China is the vital way to realize ecological civilization and build a well-off society in an all-round way. It is also a new goal and a good vision for building a community with a shared future for mankind. This work deeply analyzed the historical evolution of the "Beautiful China" thought, its relationship with sustainable development and ecological civilization, and expounded the scientific connotation and key evaluation dimension of "Beautiful China". At the same time, the evaluation index system based on the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and supported by multi-source data such as Big Earth Data, network data and statistical data was constructed to provide reference for the evaluation of “Beautiful China”. The research showed that: \mathrm{①} The essence of Beautiful China is a complex “areal system of man-land relationship” composed of natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems; \mathrm{②} “Blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony” are the perfect interpretations of the construction of Beautiful China; \mathrm{③} The work builds a comprehensive index system of “Beautiful China” from the aspects of “blue sky, green land, clean water, man-land harmony”. The index system consists of 13 specific targets and 43 specific evaluation indicators.     

气象大数据云平台仿真环境容器调度性能优化研究

为实现2025年气象关键核心技术自主可控的目标,气象大数据云平台（简称天擎）建立了基于海光X86服务器和麒麟操作系统的仿真环境。在仿真平台运行中发现,基于容器技术的产品加工与流水线子系统容器调度性能较差,不能满足用户融入算法的时效要求。针对此问题,本文采用对比分析法,选取天擎仿真环境和业务环境的3种CPU芯片服务器和3种操作系统为研究对象,设计了一系列组合对比测试用例,找到了影响容器调度性能的关键因素—操作系统内核,并进一步分析了操作系统内核设置对系统实时性和吞吐量的影响以及适用的业务场景。最后给出了麒麟操作系统内核调整方法,通过调整内核设置,容器调度性能大幅提高,满足了产品加工系统的时效要求,为实现天擎的关键核心技术自主可控奠定基础。     

基于自然资源大数据的城市多功能景观识别与国土空间规划分区

多功能景观能够同时提供多种景观功能,可以充分缓解生态环境压力.在自然资源大数据支撑下基于基层行政管理单元开展的多功能景观研究,可以更加快速准确地反映区域自然地理格局与社会经济发展格局的空间特征与区域差异,其将景观功能管理和行政管理有效结合,能为市县级国土空间规划中控制线的划定和国土空间规划分区提供从功能评估到空间识别等...     

深反射大炮数据揭示北秦岭-渭河地堑-鄂尔多斯南部Moho格架

根据深地震反射数据的反射特征对布置在北秦岭-渭河地堑-鄂尔多斯南部的10个大炮(药量 ≥ 500 kg)数据进行处理,获得了反映下地壳-莫霍面结构的单次覆盖剖面。初步解释结果显示:在北秦岭,莫霍面反射的双程走时约为13 s,自南向北缓慢抬升变浅,可能表示秦岭正在经历造山后的均衡演化过程;进入渭河地堑,莫霍面加深至15 s左右,可能表明新生代形成后的莫霍面受到了强烈的挤压作用,渭河地堑两侧的莫霍面呈不对称上隆;在鄂尔多斯地块南部,莫霍面反射为14 s左右,向北有逐渐抬升的趋势,但变化平缓, 130~140 km两侧的莫霍面具有显著的反射特征差异,可能代表了渭河地堑和鄂尔多斯地块南部的深部界限。     

一张相图引发的奇迹——论活动论构造—古地理

构造—古地理在地学基础研究与能源矿产勘查中具有重要的指导意义, 国内外学者与勘探家进行了长期卓有成效的探索。本文以四川盆地东北部二叠、三叠系礁滩天然气勘探为例, 探讨了沉积相图在油气勘探发现中的重要作用, 以及活动论思想在相图编制中的指导意义。结果表明, 40余年对四川盆地晚二叠世—早三叠世沉积相的研究, 引发了长兴组生物礁、飞仙关组鲕滩天然气勘探的突破与普光、龙岗、元坝等大气田的持续发现, 相图的创新与发展带来了油气田大发现的奇迹, 将盆地与周缘造山带相结合, 探索晚二叠世—早三叠世的原型盆地, 表明四川盆地内部及周缘在该时期内构造—古地理环境发生了巨大变迁, 台地边缘是礁、滩发育的有利场所, 台地内凹陷则是烃源岩分布的有利地区, 对沉积盆地的复位与复原有助于矿产资源的预测。新一轮活动论"构造—古地理"研究将基于海量地质调查与油、气、煤勘探等资料, 大数据时代下的活动论古地理重建必将带来地学的进步与资源勘查的系列发现。     

Using Protection Motivation Theory to examine information-seeking behaviors on climate change

Many earlier studies concluded that exposure to changes in local weather or extreme weather events prompt public interest in climate change, and in turn raise support for mitigation policies. However, these findings do not square with observations of record-breaking temperatures, and decades of failure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To address this conundrum, we use Protection Motivation Theory to form hypotheses on the specific type of climate change-related information that individuals seek during periods of extreme local weather. Using daily-level internet search engine data from Chinese cities, we find that residents are purposeful and rational in seeking information on climate change. Specifically, when faced with high or abnormal temperatures, they are much more likely to seek information to appraise their susceptibility to climate change threats, and evaluate coping responses. On the other hand, due to the lack of direct benefits, they do not seek out information on climate mitigation behaviors. In contrast to earlier studies, our findings suggest that it is unlikely that extreme weather events will prompt support for climate mitigation actions. Instead, as worldwide weather becomes more extreme and unpredictable, it is likely that public’s attention will shift in the direction of adaptation measures.     

土库曼斯坦高难度Y-3D井钻井液技术

Y-3D井是土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸扬古伊气田构造带上的一口大斜度开发井。针对该井上部地层大井眼泥岩段存在易泥包、易垮塌及携砂困难,中部井段长段膏盐层对钻井液的污染,高温对钻井液性能的影响,以及大斜度定向钻进中的润滑防卡和下部地层易喷、易漏、高含H2S等技术难题,通过对钻井液体系和技术措施优化,使钻井液性能满足了钻井工程、地质录井和保护油气层的要求,实现了安全、优质、快速钻井。     

Evidence and future potential of mobile phone data for disease disaster management

Global health threats such as the recent Ebola and Zika virus outbreaks require rapid and robust responses to prevent, reduce and recover from disease dispersion. As part of broader big data and digital humanitarianism discourses, there is an emerging interest in data produced through mobile phone communications for enhancing the data environment in such circumstances. This paper assembles user perspectives and critically examines existing evidence and future potential of mobile phone data derived from call detail records (CDRs) and two-way short message service (SMS) platforms, for managing and responding to humanitarian disasters caused by communicable disease outbreaks. We undertake a scoping review of relevant literature and in-depth interviews with key informants to ascertain the: (i) information that can be gathered from CDRs or SMS data; (ii) phase(s) in the disease disaster management cycle when mobile data may be useful; (iii) value added over conventional approaches to data collection and transfer; (iv) barriers and enablers to use of mobile data in disaster contexts; and (v) the social and ethical challenges. Based on this evidence we develop a typology of mobile phone data sources, types, and end-uses, and a decision-tree for mobile data use, designed to enable effective use of mobile data for disease disaster management. We show that mobile data holds great potential for improving the quality, quantity and timing of selected information required for disaster management, but that testing and evaluation of the benefits, constraints and limitations of mobile data use in a wider range of mobile-user and disaster contexts is needed to fully understand its utility, validity, and limitations.     

Mapping the data shadows of Hurricane Sandy: Uncovering the sociospatial dimensions of ‘big data’

Digital social data are now practically ubiquitous, with increasingly large and interconnected databases leading researchers, politicians, and the private sector to focus on how such ‘big data’ can allow potentially unprecedented insights into our world. This paper investigates Twitter activity in the wake of Hurricane Sandy in order to demonstrate the complex relationship between the material world and its digital representations. Through documenting the various spatial patterns of Sandy-related tweeting both within the New York metropolitan region and across the United States, we make a series of broader conceptual and methodological interventions into the nascent geographic literature on big data. Rather than focus on how these massive databases are causing necessary and irreversible shifts in the ways that knowledge is produced, we instead find it more productive to ask how small subsets of big data, especially georeferenced social media information scraped from the internet, can reveal the geographies of a range of social processes and practices. Utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods, we can uncover broad spatial patterns within this data, as well as understand how this data reflects the lived experiences of the people creating it. We also seek to fill a conceptual lacuna in studies of user-generated geographic information, which have often avoided any explicit theorizing of sociospatial relations, by employing Jessop et al.’s TPSN framework. Through these interventions, we demonstrate that any analysis of user-generated geographic information must take into account the existence of more complex spatialities than the relatively simple spatial ontology implied by latitude and longitude coordinates.