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171.
This paper generates an extrapolation suitability index (ESI) to guide scaling-out of improved maize varieties and inorganic fertilizers. The best-bet technology packages were selected based on yield gap data from trial sites in Tanzania. A modified extrapolation detection algorithm was used to generate maps on two types of dissimilarities between environmental conditions at the reference sites and the outlying projection domain. The two dissimilarity maps were intersected to generate ESI. Accounting for correlation structure among covariates improved estimate of risk of extrapolating technologies. The covariate that highly limited the suitability of specific technology package in each pixel was identified. The impact based spatial targeting index (IBSTI) identified zones that should be prioritized to maximize the potential impacts of scaling-out technology packages. The proposed indices will guide extension agencies in targeting technology packages to suitable environments with high potential impact to increase probability of adoption and reduce risk of failure.  相似文献   
172.
ABSTRACT

This study takes a data-driven approach to define urban nighttime by examining the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban vitality. Using micro-scale spatiotemporal analysis, this paper empirically provides a comprehensive, yet granular, picture of collective human behaviors in cities. Using Seoul, South Korea as a case study site, it prioritizes the spatiotemporal context in order to mitigate uncertain contextual effects inherent in such forms of data-driven analysis. Instead of leaving the data re-grouping up to researcher’s arbitrary decision, this paper employs a functional principal component analysis (FPCA) to systematically transform a set of discrete data to a continuous functional form. This paper applies FPCA on 24-hour-based dataset of pedestrian traffic in Seoul in order to make a data-driven extraction of principal components that characterize the city’s unique patterns of urban vitality. Extracting principal components allows for less statistically obvious phenomena to be measured that would have otherwise been hidden within the data. This approach proved successful in capturing nighttime vitality patterns that are eclipsed by the overwhelming trend of daytime patterns. Additionally, this paper compares differences between regions and seasons to examine what the differences can tell about the definition of nighttime.  相似文献   
173.
石英的微量元素记录了石英生长的物理化学条件。通过微量元素对石英原岩进行分类的研究历史已久,经典工作是在以微量元素为坐标轴的图解上绘制各类型石英的分布范围,以区分石英类型。经典图解包括Rusk(2012)提出用于区分三种矿床类型石英的Al-Ti二元图解,和Schr9n et al.(1988)提出的用于判别不同岩浆岩类型石英的Ti-Al-Ge三元图解。越来越多的研究表明,上述图解不能满足对更多石英类型进行分类的需求,同时也出现与部分已知产状类型的石英微量元素判别相矛盾的情况。随着石英原位微区测试方法的成熟,高精度石英微量元素数据逐渐丰富为系统开展机器学习提供了大数据基础,为石英微量元素研究提供了新的角度和可能性。本研究运用机器学习分类方法对石英微量元素进行精确数学分析,提出Ti/Ge-P图解为石英成因研究提出新的地球化学指标。本文同时测试了六种经典机器学习分类算法,提高Ti/Ge-P图解在石英成因分类研究上的精度。此Ti/Ge-P图解适用于多种矿床研究,包括但不局限于斑岩型矿床、矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床、卡林型矿床以及造山型矿床中的石英。这项工作是大数据技术与机器学习技术在地球化学研究中的积极探索。  相似文献   
174.
本文针对山西省2009年6月18日-19日的一次降水过程,利用Micaps系统天气图和机载DMT探测资料分析了这次降水的宏微观特征,并用Г分布拟合了云滴谱分布,结果接近云滴谱的实际分布。  相似文献   
175.
杨胜前 《云南地质》2011,30(1):56-60,31
同一地区、工程地质条件近似、桩径相同情况下,灌注压浆桩比普通灌注桩可缩短桩长1/3,而承载力提高1/3,沉降量减小1/3,还降低工程造价,是值得推广的一种桩型。  相似文献   
176.
大数据时代下美国地质调查局的科学新观   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
杨宗喜  唐金荣  周平  张涛  金玺 《地质通报》2013,32(9):1337-1343
2010年,美国地质调查局为适应社会需求,将以往以学科为主线的组织架构调整为以重大问题为主线,新增了核心科学体系的科学使命,并于2012年制定和发布了《美国地质调查局核心科学体系科学战略(2013-2023)》,作为其今后10年核心科学研究的纲领.该战略是美国地质调查局在“大数据时代”的背景下提出的地球科学研究的新思维,将临界带视为其重点研究对象,按生态系统的内在逻辑构建了模块式科学框架,突出数据密集型科学研究新范式与地球科学研究的结合,以期形成为变化世界服务的科学体系,以增强地质调查满足社会需求的能力和解决复杂的经济-社会问题的能力,也代表了地球系统科学未来发展的一个新方向.  相似文献   
177.
大脉状产出的卓玛铜铅锌矿,成矿母岩为印支期侵位于图姆沟组的石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩构成的复式岩体。岩体由中心向外,具环状面型的"斑岩型"蚀变特征,矿化与硅化—绢云母化蚀变有关。由中心到外围,由深到浅,形成深部斑岩钼(铜)矿→中部矽卡岩铜矿→外围脉状铜铅锌矿的成矿系列特征,目前发现的矿体仅是斑岩型矿床分带中上部的大脉型矿体部分,深部具有寻找斑岩-矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿体潜力。  相似文献   
178.
ABSTRACT

This paper aims to demonstrate results and considerations regarding the use of remote sensing big data for archaeological and Cultural Heritage management large scale applications. For this purpose, the Earth Engine© developed by Google© was exploited. Earth Engine© provides a robust and expandable cloud platform where several freely distributed remote sensing big data, such as Landsat, can be accessed, analysed and visualized. Two different applications are presented here as follows: the first one is based on the evaluation of multi-temporal Landsat series datasets for the detection of buried Neolithic tells (‘magoules’) in the area of Thessaly, in Greece using linear orthogonal equations. The second case exploits European scale multi-temporal DMSP-OLS Night-time Lights Time Series to visualize the impact of urban sprawl in the vicinity of UNESCO World Heritage sites and monuments. Both applications highlight the considerable opportunities that big data can offer to the fields of archaeology and Cultural Heritage, while the studies also demonstrate the great challenges that still are needed to be overcome in order to make the exploitation of big data process manageable and fruitful for future applications.  相似文献   
179.
The influence of soil physicochemical properties and the relationship between the plant community and edaphic factors have been studied through monitoring the community dynamic parameters and analyzing the soil properties from four plant plots at the Pingshuo opencast coal mine eco‐reclamation area. The results are obtained as follows: (1) the law of the quantity variation of total N and available K is affected by the different kinds of plant configuration mode. It is Robinia pseudoacacia + Pinus tabuliformis (SIV) > R. pseudoacacia (SV) > R. pseudoacacia + P. tabuliformis (SI) > R. pseudoacacia + Ulmus pumila + Ailanthus altissima (SIII). The quantity is close to or exceeds the level of the original geomorphology. The average content of available N has the following order: SIV > SI > SIII > SV; the average content of available P SV > SIII > SIV > SI, both are far below the level of the original geomorphology; pH SIV < SIII < SI < SV; bulk density SI < SIV < SV < SIII, moisture content SIV > SIII > SI > SV; in the soil layer of 20–40 cm, except the available P, other physicochemical factors are in accordance with the factors of the surface soil; (2) the population average density, height and diameter at breast height (DBH) have no obvious relevance with the average density of the stumpage; (3) the average density, height, and DBH of R. pseudoacacia are closely related to pH and the content of available N and available P and all the index can be fitted by the equation of linear regression of the edaphic factors mentioned above. The principal component analysis shows that the magnitude of the impacts of three kinds of edaphic factors on the R. pseudoacacia population has the following order: pH > available N > available P. The average density of U. pumila is closely related to the moisture content of the soil. This regression model can be used to direct the cultivation and propagation of R. pseudoacacia and U. pumila population at the mine eco‐reclamation area.  相似文献   
180.
提出了大地理的概念,大地理是地理系统为研究对象的地理科学、技术与工程的综合及基于计算的统一,在科学层面表现为统一地理学,在技术层面表现为统一地理技术,在工程层面是统一地理学与技术的综合性及系统化应用,以解决复杂地理系统相关的工程问题.它在应用层面体现为地理建模、地理设计、地理监测和地理控制等一体化集成,构建地理系统与地理信息系统互动的地理赛博-物理系统,以满足人类对各种尺度的地理系统的认识与理解、感知和评价、预测与调控以及开发和利用的需要.本文讨论了大地理在智慧城市中的应用,认为城市作为典型的地理系统,智慧城市的本质是构建地理赛博-物理系统,时空信息云平台是智慧城市建设的核心,可在智慧城市发挥地理建模、监测、设计和控制的作用,尤其在地理环境智能化和城市规划、建设、运行与应急的核心流程中.大地理将促进智慧城市研究-开发-运行模式的发展,智慧城市建设与运行也将推动大地理的发展.  相似文献   
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