不同类型铍矿床中绿柱石的地球化学特征及其地质意义

绿柱石是稀有金属铍最重要的载体矿物, 开展绿柱石系统的矿物学和地球化学研究对查明铍成矿条件和机制从而指导找矿具有重要意义。本文利用电子探针、LA-ICP-MS等技术手段, 对我国不同地区不同类型铍矿床中的绿柱石开展了地球化学研究, 结果表明, 伟晶岩型、岩浆热液型铍矿床中绿柱石的主要成分BeO、Al₂O₃、SiO₂含量基本相当, 还含碱金属元素Na、Li、Cs、Rb和铁镁质元素Fe、Mg、Ca等, 两种绿柱石中MgO和Cr₂O₃含量差异较大。伟晶岩型绿柱石的Al位类质同象置换程度低于岩浆热液型绿柱石, 其组分差异与成矿温度、压力和结晶介质等因素有关, 伟晶岩型绿柱石结晶于黏度高的熔体, 高温高压使Al₂O₃活度增强, 岩浆的固相线温度降低, 使得Be以络合物的稳定形式迁移并沉淀, 不易携带外来元素; 浆热液型绿柱石结晶于粘度低、流动性更好的热液流体中, 温度和压力较低不足以形成稳定的络合物, 导致体系中元素分散, 且热液对成矿元素的溶解度更高, 易于与围岩发生强烈的交代反应产生元素置换。绿柱石中离子类质同象置换产生的Fe、Cr、V和Mg导致绿柱石呈现不同色调和亮度的绿色, 其中Mg可能是致翠绿色的原因之一; 伟晶岩型铍矿床中更可能形成富铬型绿柱石, 岩浆热液型铍矿床中更可能形成富钒型绿柱石, 也可能形成富铬型绿柱石, 推测是由于岩浆热液易于与围岩发生蚀变反应, 使基性岩-超基性岩中的Cr, 或变沉积岩中的V进入绿柱石结晶介质而形成祖母绿。本文提供了两种区分伟晶岩型和岩浆热液型绿柱石的指标, 即绿柱石Na/Li值一定程度上呈现出伟晶岩型绿柱石小于岩浆热液型的特征; Rb-Cs图解中由两条趋势线(岩浆热液型K₁=1.257, 伟晶岩型K₂=0.015)限定的I区(K≥1.257)多为岩浆热液型绿柱石, Ⅲ区(K≤0.015)多为伟晶岩型绿柱石。绿柱石的Mg-Cr组分多受到碳酸盐组的影响, 翠绿色绿柱石多形成于碳酸盐岩赋矿或含碳酸盐矿物的矿脉中。本次研究的伟晶岩绿柱石样品所处矿床多赋存于变泥质岩中, 形成环境缺乏碳酸盐类矿物, 今后应注意在赋存于碳酸盐岩中的伟晶岩脉中寻找祖母绿。

     

荣成市大疃刘家铍矿地质特征

荣成市大疃刘家铍矿床赋存于中生代正长花岗岩中,受北西向张扭性断裂控制。铍元素以羟硅铍石单矿物赋存于绢云母化高岭土化正长花岗岩中,其次呈分散状态分布于绢云母中。矿床的形成与富碱性热液和钙碱性正长花岗岩有关,为中温热液型铍矿床,形成于中生代燕山晚期。     

Exposure age chronology of the last glaciation in the eastern Pyrenees

We present a chronology of ice recession in the eastern Pyrenees based on in situ-produced ¹⁰Be data obtained from the Têt paleoglacier complex. The sampling strategy is based on the relative chronology provided by a detailed geomorphological map of glacial landforms. Results indicate that the last maximum ice advance occurred late (i.e., during Marine Isotope Stage 2) compared to the chronology currently established for the rest of the Pyrenees. Despite debatable evidence for a glacial readvance during the Oldest Dryas stade, ice-cap melt-out was rapid, residual cirque glaciers having disappeared by the Allerød interstade. This is consistent both with North Atlantic excursions established by the Greenland ice cores and paleoenvironmental data for the region. The rapid response of the east-Pyrenean ice cap to temperature variations is primarily linked to its small size compared to larger Pyrenean ice fields, to the dry Mediterranean climate, and to topography-related nonlinearities in which a small vertical rise in equilibrium line altitude generates a large change in ice mass. Possible sources of age uncertainty are discussed in the context of sampling design for single-nuclide (¹⁰Be) dating of landform sequences in formerly glaciated landscapes.     

水平式ICP—AES测定岩石中痕量铍,铬,锰,钒和锆

用HNO_3—HCLO_4—HF混合酸,加压分解试样,以水平式ICP—AES可同时测定岩石中痕量铍、铬、锰、钒和锆。方法简单、现性好、准确度高。Bc,Cr,Mn,V,Zr的检出限分别为0.0001,0.002,0.002,0.002,0.005mg/ml,变异系数均小于5％。结果令人满意。     

In situ cosmogenic Be in olivines and pyroxenes

This study proposes an efficient new cleaning procedure for measuring in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in olivines and pyroxenes. This chemical routine is specially designed to decontaminate the abundant meteoric ¹⁰Be from these minerals. The method was tested on mafic minerals from basaltic flows of Mt. Etna volcano and from Hawaiian flows and moraines. A sequential dissolution test shows that ¹⁰Be concentrations decrease with the number of cleaning steps until reaching a constant value. This is a necessary condition to demonstrate the efficiency of the method in properly decontaminating samples of meteoric ¹⁰Be. Moreover, cross-calibration with cosmogenic ³He measured within the same samples yielded a sea level high-latitude production rate of 4.5±0.4 at g⁻¹ a⁻¹ for cosmogenic ¹⁰Be in mafic minerals. This rate is within 1σ uncertainty of empirically or model-derived rates for ¹⁰Be on the same targets. Such concordance supports the consistency of the new method.     

喜马拉雅东段错那洞钨-锡-铍矿床中铍的赋存状态及成因机制初探

近年来喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩带被认为是稀有金属成矿的有利地区,并已在该区伟晶岩中发现诸多稀有金属矿物。错那洞矿床是该带内发现最早并具有较大规模的钨锡铍（W-Sn-Be）矿床,Be矿化包括伟晶岩型和矽卡岩型,但目前铍元素的赋存状态还没有被清晰地查明。伟晶岩型矿化主要为伟晶岩中晶型较好的绿柱石晶体;而矽卡岩型铍矿化表现形式则复杂多样。Be元素除了赋存于绿柱石、硅铍石、羟硅铍石等含铍矿物中,还可以广泛分布于矽卡岩矿物中。其中,符山石（Be含量：43×10^-6~887×10^-6）和方柱石（Be含量：1333×10^-6~4643×10^-6）是铍元素赋存的主要载体。矽卡岩型矿化与淡色花岗岩有关,岩浆高分异演化使熔体中Be、Sn、W及挥发分逐步富集,在伟晶岩中饱和绿柱石;之后Be元素在F的络合下随出溶流体进入碳酸盐岩,发生水岩相互作用,萤石的析出引起Be-F络合物失稳,导致Be元素的沉淀。含铍矿物种类及成因机制的研究将有助于指导喜马拉雅地区同类型矿化的评价。