岩体结构力学岩体工程地质力学的新发展

本文从岩体工程地质力学角度, 研讨了岩体结构力学的意义, 地位与作用。作者就个人的认识, 将岩体结构力学的理论特点, 概括为五个方面, 即再变形和再破坏, 岩体结构的控制作用、岩体结构控制论、赋存环境以及关于岩体的多种力学介质和力学模型构成的力学体系。     

石门地区煤矿地质特征及其资源预测探讨

石门地区煤矿，主要为早二叠世栖霞早期煤层。全县共有７个赋煤区，本文对主要赋煤区的特征列表概要论述，并认为它属地台型含煤建造。指出３个“成煤带”的煤层均呈大透镜体产出，其间为无煤区。作者在煤矿资源预测中，对３个“成煤带”作了远景区划分，圈定与靶区预测，对石门地区的煤矿勘查和开发，具有指导意义。     

The Bulong Gold Deposit-a Quartz-Barite Vein Type Gold Deposit in Xinjiang:Geological Characteristics and S, He and Ar Isotopic Compositions

The Bulong gold deposit, located in the southwest Tianshan in China, occurs in the Upper Devonian finegrained clastic rocks. The gold orebodies are controlled by an gently inclined interlayer fractured zone. They are hosted only in quartz-barite veins though there are barite veins and quartz veins in the ore district. The δ34S values of pyrite in the ores range from 14.6‰ to 19.2‰ and those of barite from 35.0‰ to 39.6‰, indicating that the sulfur was derived from the strata. 3He/4He ratios of fluid inclusions in pyrite are 0.24-0.82 R/Ra, approximating to that of the crust. The 40Ar/39Ar ratios range from 338 to 471, slightly higher than that of the atmosphere. 40Ar /4He ratios of ore fluids range from 0.015 to 0.412 with a mean of 0.153. Helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions show that the ore fluids of the Bulong gold deposit were mainly derived from the crust.     

尽快建立煤炭地质单位信用管理制度

煤炭地质单位尚未建立有效地信用管理制度，威胁了煤炭地质经济的持续健康发展。煤炭地质单位领导要高度重视信用管理，尽快设立专门的信用管理机构，规范内部管理，防范经营风险。     

运城市地下水资源开发利用的问题及对策

通过对运城市平原区地下水超量开采引起的环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况的分析,基于可持续发展思想,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发,加大节水灌溉设施建设,调整开采层位,对地下水资源合理定价,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施.     

Structural features and petroleum geology of the fold-thrust belt in the southern Tarim basin, China

The west Kunlun fold-thrust belt (WKFTB) and the Altun fold-thrust belt (AFTB) are respectively located in the southern margin of the Tarim basin, NW China. The analyses of typical structures and regional dynamics of the fold-thrust belts reveal their different structural and petroleum features and mechanisms. WKFTB differs from AFTB by abundant fault-related folds and triangles zones, and was formed by northward extrusion of the west Kunlun orogen. AFTB was affected synchronously by northward extrusion of the Altun orogen and the sinistral strike-slipping of the Altun Fault, so it is characterized by the minor scale and the monotonous structural styles. The Aqike anticline and the Aqike fault, of which the strikes are orthogonal to the strike of the fold-thrust belts, are regarded as the adjustive structures between both of the fold-thrust belts. The oil-gas pools of WKFTB develop mainly in the faulted-related anticline traps, but the oil-gas pools of AFTB develop mainly in the low fault-block and anticlines traps related with the paleo-uplifts. There are different exploration countermeasures for both of the fold-thrust belts.     

南京-镇江地区多目标地球化学调查初步成果

报道了南京—镇江地区开展的多目标地球化学调查工作以来所取得的初步成果,讨论了如何确定土壤中元素的背景值、如何检查评价地球化学异常、如何针对农业地质的需要开展深入研究等问题,并提出了开展调查工作的具体建议。     

长白山天池火山地质学研究的若干进展与灾害分析

通过以减轻火山灾害为目的的天池火山锥体顶部地区地质填图工作，发现了天池火山锥体附近不同期次火山泥石流，部分火山泥石流显示的高温定位特征指示了其与千年大喷发的成因联系。这些火山泥石流构成了严重的火山泥石流灾害，天池火山锥体近顶部大型滑坡体的发现则指示了天池火山另一种重要的灾害类型。滑坡体堆积物结构上可分为3种类型。天池火山千年大喷发时不同成分与物性的岩浆混合作用十分发育，指示了天池火山喷发前不同岩浆批的混合与共喷发机理。本文还论述了天池火山近代历史记录喷发物的分布与鉴别特征。     

高坪-吉心段公路喀斯特工程地质综合勘察

以沪蓉国道主干线湖北省高坪-吉心段的喀斯特地质勘察工作为例，探讨喀斯特地区公路工程地质综合勘察的基本方法。在喀斯特地区运用遥感和地理信息技术技术、地质测绘、综合物探以及地质钻探等勘察手段，通过综合分析各种勘探成果，能够较准确地查明可溶岩的分布、喀斯特形态类型、分布规律、控制因素以及喀斯特水的赋存、分布和运移规律等，并根据不同的喀斯特地貌提出了有针对性的处理对策。通过不断的实践和经验总结。针对喀斯特工程地质问题合理运用综合工程勘察方法，能做出科学的分析评价，可以适应喀斯特区公路建设的需要，并且供今后在喀斯特地区修建公路时参考和借鉴。     

Anabranching in mixed bedrock-alluvial rivers: the example of the Orange River above Augrabies Falls, Northern Cape Province, South Africa

Anabranching is characteristic of a number of rivers in diverse environmental settings worldwide, but has only infrequently been described from bedrock-influenced rivers. A prime example of a mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching river is provided by a 150-km long reach of the Orange River above Augrabies Falls, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Here, the perennial Orange flows through arid terrain consisting mainly of Precambrian granites and gneisses, and the river has preferentially eroded bedrock joints, fractures and foliations to form multiple channels which divide around numerous, large (up to 15 km long and 2 km wide), stable islands formed of alluvium and/or bedrock. Significant local variations in channel-bed gradient occur along the river, which strongly control anabranching style through an influence on local sediment budgets. In relatively long (>10 km), lower gradient reaches (<0.0013) within the anabranching reach, sediment supply exceeds local transport capacity, bedrock usually only crops out in channel beds, and channels divide around alluvial islands which are formed by accretion in the lee of bedrock outcrop or at the junction with ephemeral tributaries. Riparian vegetation probably plays a key role in the survival and growth of these islands by increasing flow roughness, inducing deposition, and stabilising the sediments. Less commonly, channels may form by eroding into once-continuous island or floodplain surfaces. In shorter (<10 km), higher gradient reaches (>0.0013) within the anabranching reach, local transport capacity exceeds sediment supply, bedrock crops out extensively, and channels flow over an irregular bedrock pavement or divide around rocky islands. Channel incision into bedrock probably occurs mainly by abrasion, with the general absence of boulder bedforms suggesting that hydraulic plucking is relatively unimportant in this setting. Mixed bedrock-alluvial anabranching also occurs in a number of other rivers worldwide, and appears to be a stable and often long-lived river pattern adjusted to a number of factors commonly acting in combination: (1) jointed/fractured granitoid rock outcrop; (2) erosion-resistant banks and islands; (3) locally variable channel-bed gradients; (4) variable flow regimes.