应用数字航道航标信息提高航标测绘效率

通过研究"数字航道"动态监测平台中航标的各项信息与航标测绘数据的关联性,实现航标数据共享,优化现阶段航道维护性中航标测绘的工作方式和流程,从而实现利用数字航道航标信息提升航道测绘工作效率和质量,降低航道维护测量成本。     

Role of geological inheritance in Australian beach morphodynamics

The Australian coast contains 10,685 beaches which occupy 49% of the 30,000 km coast and average 1.37 km in length. Their relatively short length is largely due to the presence of bedrock, calcarenite and laterite, which form boundaries to many of the beaches, as well as occurring as rocks, reefs and islands along and off the beaches. This geological inheritance plays a major role in Australian beach systems — determining their length and through wave refraction and attenuation influencing beach location, shape, type, morphodynamics and circulation, which in turn influence sediment transport and the backing dune and barrier systems. This paper uses a database covering every Australian beach to review the role of headlands, rocks and reefs on Australian beaches. Major effects are the short average beach length; reduction in breaker height resulting in lower energy beach types; wave refraction resulting in increased beach curvature; the presence of topographic rips on moderate and higher energy beaches and megarips during high wave conditions; and the interruption of and/or trapping of longshore sand transport leading to beach rotation.     

雅砻江谷底卸荷松弛现象与深厚覆盖层特征

雅砻江河床覆盖层厚度多在30m以上,最厚可达51.6m。覆盖层横向上厚度变化较大,纵向上可明显分为3层,上、下部以正常河流相为主,厚度较薄;中部以洪积、崩积、坡积、湖泊沉积堆积与冲积混合堆积为主的加积序列,厚度相对较大。在谷底基岩面以下,岩体通常存在20m厚左右的卸荷松弛带,弱风化,具有透水性好,岩体完整性较差,工程力学性状差等特征,其潜在的工程效应是坝基渗漏。覆盖层深厚是第二层加积序列所致,谷底形成时间长,以致谷底有足够的时间卸荷松弛和风化。     

The freeze-thaw weathering regime at a section of the Niagara escarpment on the Bruce Peninsula,Southern Ontario,Canada

The bedrock freeze-thaw and moisture regimes at an actively eroding site on the Niagara Escarpment, Bruce Peninsula, southern Ontario, were monitored between December 1983 and April 1984, and the results compared with amounts of debris collected in an adjacent rock trap. Frost wedging in pre-existing rock fissures is the primary mechanism responsible for the observed rockfall events; hydration effects are negligible. Debris production was more closely related to the duration of the freezing leg of the freeze-thaw cycle than to intensity or to cycle frequency. Release also coincided with periods of high pore saturation (> 60 per cent) and the seepage of water from cracks and fissures. Fewer freeze-thaw cycles were recorded in the air than at 1 and 3.5 cm in the bedrock. The number of cycles that could be declared geomorphologically effective according to established temperature criteria was normally less than half the total number of freeze-thaw cycles recorded in both air and bedrock. Under the current temperature regime at the field site, few effective cycles are capable of penetrating more than 5 cm into the free face.     

玻璃钢作地面沉降监测标体的可行性研究

玻璃钢具有质量轻、强度高、耐腐蚀等特性,可作为达到特定工程目的的成型材料。本文通过论证,认为在地面沉降监测工程中为了更准确灵敏地反映地下岩土的变形,选用轻质高强度的玻璃钢作引测标体是可行的。此外,由于玻璃钢成本低,因此,还可使中小城市开展地面沉降监测时减少基础性投入。     

一个晚元古代水下冰足刻蚀作用的记录——水下冰推垄

在现代高纬陆棚冰海区的海底底床上,有大量由海冰形成的水下冰足机械刻蚀迹,但在古代冰期地层中却极少报道。笔者在湖南省石门县中岭乡杨家坪的震旦系剖面上发现一丘状构造,经分析,推断为一水下冰足刻蚀记录(图1)。该构造出露于南华大冰期的下冰期地层东山峰组底界以下约60m,在渫水河组上部。     

华北地区地震短临异常综合标志及预报指标的研究

本文对华北１６次中强以上地震前多兆短临异常进行了分析，归纳出短临异常的综合变化特征。依据短临异常的综合特征，提出在中期异常背景上孕震过程由中期向短期过渡的两个定量化综合标志。研究了孕震后期在观测到较多数量短临异常情况下，能否发布５级以上地震预报意见的预报指标。作为本文结果的检验，计算了８次地震丧的综合标志和预报指标。本研究工作在短临预报中具有一定的实用价值。     

碳酸盐岩成岩研究的新方法:成岩综合柱状图

主要介绍了成岩段、成岩环境综合柱状图的提出背景、完善过程及其重要的理论实践意义。成岩段的提出解决了成岩柱的绘制问题,从而成岩环境综合柱状图得以产生,亦从而使因该种基础图件无法绘出而使成岩研究裹足不前的状况得以改观。     

Morphology of step-pools in a wilderness headwater stream: The importance of standardizing geomorphic measurements

The morphology of step-pools and cascades reflect the geological and climatic factors affecting channels in mountain watersheds. This study uses longitudinal and cross-section surveys to describe a headwater stream in the Boston Mountains of the Ozarks Plateau region in Arkansas and develop morphological relationships for comparisons with other regions. In the Bowers Hollow Creek watershed (3.5 km²), located within the boundaries of the Upper Buffalo Wilderness Area, step height and wavelength relationships are generally similar to those reported from other regions. Step-pool reaches were widely distributed in a discontinuous manner throughout the watershed. Average values of the sampled reaches are: reach slopes, 0.105 m/m; width, 6.10 m; crest particle sizes, 440 mm; step heights, 0.87 m; and step wavelengths, 6.62 m. The mean step steepness for the watershed was 0.13, whereas the mean length of a reach step to height ratio was 9:1. A comparison of morphological definitions found that the values of step height and steepness can vary by > 30% according to how step parameters are defined. Step height is particularly sensitive; thus, comparison of step height-based relationships from published data requires great care.     

元宝山露天矿基岩含水层疏干方法研究

以大量的水文地质资料和抽水试验以及相邻矿井放水试验实测数据，对元宝山露天煤矿基岩含水层的可疏必及可利用巷道疏干的方法，进行了分析，论证与研究，通过放水试验，初步证明元宝山露天矿基岩含水层采用巷道疏干的方法是可行的。