Internal architecture and mobility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea

On the basis of bathymetric and seismic data and data from piston cores collected by the Chinese–French marine geology and geophysics investigation of 1996, we discuss the internal architecture and mobility of tidal sand ridges in the East China Sea (ECS). We characterized the sand ridges on the middle to outer shelf of the ECS as tide-dominated sand ridges with southwest dipping beds, indicating that the regional net sediment transport is toward the southwest. As the sand ridges gradually migrate toward the southwest, new sand ridges are continually replacing old ones, and several generations of sand ridges have developed in the study area.     

江苏沿海滩涂资源及发展趋势遥感分析

遥感是进行潮间带资源调查的有效技术手段。作者以3期低潮位卫星遥感数据为基础,对江苏省沿海潮间带滩涂资源的总量、分布特点、发展趋势及开发利用前景进行了分析,指出了江苏省滩涂资源总量呈减少趋势,匡围量大于可供匡围的滩涂资源生长量,应加强对滩涂资源开发利用进行规划和统一管理。     

Coastal erosion in Shandong of China: status and protection challenges

Shandong has more than 70% of natural coasts are under erosion. Coastal erosion started from the 1970’s and became a very serious problem at 1990’s. The dramatic decrease of sediment supplies from rivers caused rapid erosion at the delta and estuary areas, especially in the abandoned Yellow River Delta. Most sandy coasts along the Peninsula were eroded due to lack of sand supply and interruption of alongshore sediment drift, sand dredging from the beach or the offshore area caused serious erosion during short time. Sea-level rise causes slow but constant shoreline retreats and became a more serious threat. Different types of hard solutions for coastal protection against erosion were used in Shandong. Seawalls are most widely used, especially at the Yellow River Delta and city center waterfront. Groynes, jetties and breakwater are used on the north and east sandy coast of the Peninsula. Hard approaches are effective to protect the coast erosion but not change the erosion causes and led secondary impact on the coast. Soft engineering solution or the combined solutions are taken into acts. Beach nourishment is mostly considered as the better soft solution, especially to those tourists attracting sandy beaches along the Shandong coast. Long term monitoring and continuous lessons learning from the coastal erosion management will be adaptive for better coast solution in the future.     

超百年一遇强降雨对厦门岛沙滩影响研究

2018年5月7日厦门岛遭遇了超百年一遇的强降水,对岸滩造成了严重影响。文章采用现场测量、无人机航拍等方法,通过对冲毁岸滩进行现场调查与测量,发现厦门岛东南部10.78km的滨海沙滩岸段,共有10个岸段的沙滩发生明显冲刷,受损岸线总长度为6.1km(占比57%),形成了28条冲刷沟,沙滩遭受的侵蚀面积为20286m²,冲刷量超过4万m³。分析其原因,主要是海岸带开发利用时,不透水面增多且具有一定的坡度,加之后方陆域地下排洪管涵排水,当短期强降水发生时,局部地形集中汇水后急速冲向海岸,导致海岸侵蚀垮塌和后退,沙滩冲刷成沟而流失大量海砂。针对不同沙滩的冲刷程度与影响机制,提出了相应的整治修复方案,可为今后沙滩维护保养提供参考。     

北非副热带高压与中亚夏季降水的关系

基于1979—2019年欧洲中期数值预报中心（ECMWF）的ERA-Interim逐月再分析数据和英国东安格利亚大学气候研究中心（CRU）的陆面逐月降水数据,分析夏季北非副热带高压（北非副高）与中亚夏季降水的关系。结果表明：北非副高的脊线指数和东伸脊点指数变化与中亚夏季降水联系紧密。在2个指数的单独变化和协同变化下,中亚夏季降水和大尺度环流异常分布存在很大不同。副高脊线主要导致中亚夏季降水南北反相变化,副高东伸脊点位置对中亚中南部降水存在重要影响。当副高位置偏东偏北时,里海和咸海上空受异常气旋控制,哈萨克斯坦大部分地区降水偏多,新疆受蒙古异常反气旋控制,降水偏少;当副高位置偏西偏南时,中亚地区主要受异常反气旋控制,其东北部存在异常气旋切变,对应中亚东北部降水偏多,其余区域降水偏少;当副高位置偏西偏北时,中亚上空受异常反气旋控制,大部分地区降水偏少;当副高位置东偏南时,中亚上空受异常气旋控制,热带印度洋水汽通过两步输送的方式,进入中亚上空,形成有利的动力和水汽条件,导致中亚大部分地区夏季降水偏多。     

东太平洋海隆13°N 附近洋中脊玄武岩微量元素特征

对33件采自东太平洋海隆(EPR)13°N附近的玄武岩和火山玻璃样品进行了微量元素分析,以探讨该区域玄武岩的演化过程和物质来源。测试分析结果显示所有样品的微量元素含量比值m(Tb)/m(Lu)(1.74~2.03),m(Sm)/m(Nd)(0.29~0.35)和m(Nd)/m(Y)(0.32~0.48)存在不能忽略的变化,表明它们可能受到了非均一质地幔来源的影响。m(La)/m(Nb),m(La)/m(Sm)和m(La)的线性相关性辨别结果,以及稀土元素分布型式图表现的元素分布特征等均表明东太平洋海隆13°N附近的洋中脊玄武岩可能来自不同的端元组分,也证明研究区域内的玄武岩除N-MORB(常规型MORB)外,还有E-MORB(富集型MORB)。此外,玄武岩m(Ce)/m(Pb)和m(Ce),m(Nb)/m(U)和m(Nb),以及m(Nb)/m(La)和m(La)线性相关性,均显示了这些微量元素比值和微量元素含量的正相关趋势,这可能与双组分地幔熔融有关。m(Nb)/m(Th)和m(Th)线性相关性显示出负相关,显示该区域玄武岩的地幔来源组成可能受到了富集组分的影响。分析显示,样品的Nb*值均大于1,而大部分样品的Ta*值大于1,这表示大部分玄武岩的来源很可能是从俯冲区域循环的物质。     

Visitors' awareness of ICZM and WTP for beach preservation in four European Mediterranean regions

This paper discusses the results of a multi-country survey about private stakeholders' contribution to coastal preservation. It was conducted in four coastal sites of Greece, Italy and France, in order to collect information about beach visitors' perception of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and their willingness to pay (WTP) for beach preservation, intended here as defence from erosion. In order to find out whether ICZM perception is a determinant of WTP, regression analysis is applied. Results show that in these sites respondents have a low level of information about the nature of ICZM, despite local authorities having implemented some ICZM strategies for preserving the coast. Nevertheless, those who are informed about ICZM have a higher probability of paying for beach preservation. This suggests to policymakers that promoting public awareness about ICZM may increase the probability of paying. Finally, some categories of visitors, such as women and young and middle-aged people, have a higher probability of paying than men and older people, thus suggesting a more sensitive attitude to beach preservation. Therefore, policy-makers should also pay attention to the categories of visitors less likely to pay.     

青岛市灵山湾海水浴场表层沉积物粒度冬季变化特征及其原因

于2013年11月、2014年1月及3月在青岛市灵山湾海水浴场进行了3次表层沉积物采样,对粒度组分和粒度参数平面分布的变化进行了分析。结果表明,本区沉积物整体有变粗的趋势,细砂组分特别是极细砂和粉砂组分含量下降明显,分选性变好,正偏态及高峰度分布区扩大,粒度参数高值分布区被消除。粒径趋势分析表明,在涨潮流与强盛的冬季风驱动的风浪、沿岸流的综合作用下,研究区沉积物总体呈北东-南西向沿岸输运,运移趋势变化受到波浪、潮流水动力条件与地形相互作用的影响。短期的波能变化足以改变沙滩地貌,从而影响表层沉积物的分布。可为浴场维护提供理论依据。     

The Beach Environment in Mexico as a Potential Source of Placer Minerals

The potential of Mexico for placer minerals in beach sediments has been analyzed, taking into consideration the geomorphic, tectonic, and lithologic conditions of nine different coastal regions. Besides, the textural characteristics of average size and degree of classification, carbonate content was also considered as a measure of terrigenous influence. It is concluded that mineral bearing rocks in the source area, and well-classified fine sands, poor in carbonates, in the beach area represent the major potential for placer minerals. Favorable conditions for placer minerals may be present in Regions 2 and 3 in the Central and Southern portion of the Gulf of Mexico coast, and have their highest potential in Regions 6, 7, 8, and 9 in the Gulf of California and along the Western mainland coast from the Colorado River in the North to the Guatamalan border in the South.