Meiobenthic Organisms as Indicators of Mixing Processes in the Baltic Surface Sediments*

Abstract. Two sediment cores were collected in the southern Baltic Sea and sliced into 1.0cm-thick layers. Sediments of each layer were analysed for activities of ²¹⁰Pb, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹³⁴Cs and for the density of meiobenthic organisms (meiofauna). Zones with the rapid mixing occur in the uppermost layers (0–3 cm) of the cores based on ^I34Cs profiles. The extent and density of meiofauna confirmed the rapid mixing and revealed layers with slow mixing (4–8 cm). Sedimentation rates were derived from ²¹⁰Pb profiles below the mixing zones (1.21 and 1.72 mm a-^I) and were confumed by ¹³⁷Cs distribution. Of twenty-one major meiofauna taxa commonly found in the Baltic sediments, three were present in the cores.     

Biokarst on Limestone Coasts, Morphogenesis and Sediment Production

Abstract. Biokarst-forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a^-1) resulting in biokarst-forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten.     

3种鲈形目鱼类精子发生早期的超微结构研究

采用透射电镜技术,研究了3种鲈形目鱼类褐菖鲉Sebastiscus marmoratus、黑鲷Sparus macrocephalus及平鲷Rhabdosargus sarba(Forskal)精子发生早期精原细胞、初级精母细胞及次级精母细胞的超显微结构变化。结果表明,3种鱼生精细胞形态结构及代谢活动变化主要体现在核的变化、线粒体数目与结构的变化及高尔基体和溶酶体的行为变化。3种鱼核的变化基本一致:细胞核由近圆形或椭圆形转变为多角形;核质逐渐浓缩;核仁从明显结构至完全消失。褐菖鲉精原细胞时期线粒体分布较多,并出现拟染色质与线粒体相粘附;而平鲷与黑鲷精原细胞时期的线粒体分布较少,无拟染色质。3种鱼高尔基体与溶酶体的变化也有相似性。黑鲷的初级精母细胞中还观察到典型的环层状的髓样小体的结构。     

近海污损生物的调查方法

近海海区污损生物调查有浮标挂板法和海上设施（浮标及其锚碇系统，Ｍａｒｅｘ水文浮标，移动式钻井平台和固定式生产平台）采样法。由于近海海区污损生物调查工作的特殊性和艰难性，笔者提出了利用已有的海上设施，尤其是固定式平台来积累近海污损生物资料，以便进行生态学研究。     

黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)肿瘤坏死因子α cDNA的克隆及特征分析

采用同源克隆的方法，从黑鲷中获得肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)全长cDNA序列。该序列含1288个核苷酸，可编码253个氨基酸的TNF前体蛋白。它是一种跨膜蛋白，无糖基化位点和信号肽结构。黑鲷TNFα与其它鱼类的TNFα的相似性很高，占据进化上独立的分支；与哺乳类TNFα和TNFG源于共同的祖先。基因结构分析显示，该基因含有TNF家族pmfile和TNF家族的标签序列；在参与TNFα基因二硫键形成的两个半胱氨酸和TNFα三聚体形成的位点高度保守；空间结构模拟显示，它与哺乳类TNFα的空间结构相似，都是由两个β折叠片组成，每个折叠片包含5个反向平行的β链。表达研究结果表明，黑鲷TNFα在检测的各个组织中均为组成型表达，表现为在刺激与非刺激鱼体中，都可以检测到黑鲷TNFα的表达，但是其表达水平在不同组织中有很大差异。黑鲷TNFα在头肾、脾脏和鳃的表达量较高，而在心脏、肝脏、血液、肾脏和大脑中表达量较低。     

GIS方法在南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质研究中的应用

采用GIS方法，对南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质进行空间叠加分析。利用模糊数学方法，对不同灾害地质因素赋予不同的模糊影响权值；运用模糊叠加模型，得到南沙群岛海区海底灾害地质综合评价图。与前人的研究工作进行对比的结果表明，GIS方法是进行海底灾害地质评价的一种有效方法。     

羊栖菜茎部愈伤组织再生苗的解剖学研究

利用石蜡切片法对羊栖菜纵裂主枝上愈伤组织再生苗的发生过程进行了形态解剖学观察。发现此种成苗方式是在主枝 (茎 )或假根处由外皮层分裂形成愈伤组织 ,再由愈伤组织分化成苗的一种无性繁殖方式。愈伤组织形成再生苗有望成为羊栖菜人工养殖种苗的来源之一。     

1998年春夏南海温盐结构及其变化特征

利用1998年5～8月“南海季风试验”期间“科学1”号和“实验3”号科学考察船两个航次CTD资料,分析了1998年南海夏季风暴发前后南海主要断面的温盐结构及其变化特征.观测发现,南海腹地基本被典型的南海水团所控制,但在南海东北部尤其是吕宋海峡附近,表层和次表层水明显受到西太平洋水的影响.季风暴发以后,南海北部表面温度有显著升高,升幅由西向东递减,而南海中部和南部表面温度基本没变,这使得南海北部东西向温度梯度和整个海盆南北向温度梯度均减小.北部断面表层盐度普遍由34以上降低到34以下,混合层均有所发展,是季风暴发后降水和风力加剧的结果.观测期间黑潮水跨越吕宋海峡的迹象明显但变化剧烈.4～5月,黑潮次表层水除在吕宋海峡中北部出现外,在吕宋岛以西亦有发现,表明有部分黑潮水从吕宋海峡南端沿岸向西进而向南进入南海.6～7月,次表层高盐核在吕宋海峡中北部有极大发展,但在吕宋岛以西却明显萎缩;虽然看上去黑潮水以更强的流速进、出南海,但对南海腹地动力热力结构的影响未必更大.一个超过34.55的表层高盐水体于巴拉望附近被发现,似与通过巴拉望两侧水道入侵南海的西太平洋水有关.     

PLATEAU TYPE E(%)-pH CURVES OF INTERFACIAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN LIQUID AND SOLID IN SEAWATER

A study on the curves of the exchange ratio E(%)-pH on the liquid-solid interface of the systems Zn(II) with clay minerals (Kaolinite , illite and montmorillonite), Zn(II) with hydrous ferric oxides (amorphous ferric oxide, goethite and hematite). Zn(II) with hydrous manganese oxide (y-MnOOH, manganite and 5-MnO2) etc . in seawater resulted in the discovery of new plateau type exchange ratio ?%)-pH curves not yet reported in literature. The two factors that decide the growth , decline and the change of the " plateau type " curve are : (1) the inherent characteristics of systems , which can be explained by the exchange constants i(i=1 ,2 , 3 . etc .) of interfacial stepwise ion / coordination particle exchange between liquid and solid ; and (2)The theory of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination(the amount of solid exchange reagent)particle exchange in seawater was applied to explain the experimental results of the above study and a general formula was derived for the plateau type exchange ratio E(%)-pH c     

浅谈ARCGIS在国家1︰50000 DLG更新中的应用

通过分析ArcGIS中的ArcMap、ArcCatalog和ArcToolbox的特点,简要讨论了它们在国家1︰50000 DLG更新中的应用。