Computationally efficient stochastic optimization using multiple realizations

The presented study is concerned with computationally efficient methods for solving stochastic optimization problems involving multiple equally probable realizations of uncertain parameters. A new and straightforward technique is introduced that is based on dynamically ordering the stack of realizations during the search procedure. The rationale is that a small number of critical realizations govern the output of a reliability-based objective function. By utilizing a problem, which is typical to designing a water supply well field, several variants of this “stack ordering” approach are tested. The results are statistically assessed, in terms of optimality and nominal reliability. This study demonstrates that the simple ordering of a given number of 500 realizations while applying an evolutionary search algorithm can save about half of the model runs without compromising the optimization procedure. More advanced variants of stack ordering can, if properly configured, save up to more than 97% of the computational effort that would be required if the entire number of realizations were considered. The findings herein are promising for similar problems of water management and reliability-based design in general, and particularly for non-convex problems that require heuristic search techniques.     

基于Bayes估计的稀疏数据CT重建算法研究

通过对稀疏放射数据CT重建问题的分析,提出用Bayes方法重建图像。首先以医疗解剖学为基础,将目标物体的先验信息转化为定量的先验概率密度,即结构先验,将测量所得数据作为似然函数,二者结合得到后验概率密度,通过对其抽样,将均值估算得到期望值作为重建结果。仿真实验证明,与传统CT重建方法相比,Bayes重建放射数据少,重建时间短,图像质量好,抗噪声能力强。     

岩体结构三维无缝建模与四面体优化剖分

复杂地质特征给数值模拟的建模工作带来很大困难,针对该问题,提出并实现了岩体结构三维无缝建模方法。将直接法拓展到四面体网格剖分中,实现了基于岩体结构无缝模型的四面体优化剖分方法,从而为数值模拟提供既符合地质实际,又有较高网格质量的计算模型。利用该方法建立了某拱坝坝肩岩体三维地质模型,并进行四面体优化剖分。     

滑坡锚拉抗滑桩的非线性优化设计

基于滑坡锚拉抗滑桩设计的变形协调计算法和非线性优化方法,利用Matlab优化工具箱中的单目标多变量非线性优化函数Fmincon,以工程造价为目标函数,建立了锚拉桩优化设计模型,实现了锚拉桩的主要设计参数优化,使锚拉桩成本最小。实际工程应用结果表明：和原方案相比,优化设计可以大幅度降低锚拉桩的直接投资,产生较大的经济效益。     

岩土参数的不确定性及其统计方法

通过诠释土性参数不确定性统计工作的重要性,着手分析、对比了各种统计方法的理论基础和优越性,随后基于近年来国内外相关文献的回顾与整理,系统地总结了有关土性参数变异性方面的研究成果,具体包括试验室指标参数、变形参数、强度参数、固结参数以及原位测试中的静力触探测试值、十字板剪切强度和标准贯入击数。结果表明：传统方法和三 法都是基于随机变量理论,无论如何改进也无法克服模型本身所固有的缺陷;基于随机场理论的方法用更加优越的模型建模土层剖面,显示了强大的生命力,随着原位测试手段的日渐成熟,这一方法必将取代传统方法;图形三 法集理论先进性和适用性于一体,是一种值得推荐的方法。参数变异性的总结显示,试验室指标参数变异性普遍较小、固结参数较大、变形和强度参数以及原位测试各指标位于其中,具体结果还对实际工程中参数的选取、优化以及部分重要工程的可靠性分析具有重要的指导意义。     

沿海水域火／核电厂冷却水水工布置的优化原则和实践

本文结合我国沿海水域电厂冷却水工程的工程特点,着重阐明了差位式工程布置原则,从理论上分析了差位式工程布置原则与常用的布置方法的区别,该工程布置原则在台山电厂的工程实例中得到了验证。     

Study on optimization of the population system and its coordination with natural resources and environment in the Qaidam Basin

Thet1'onessofpopulationasbotl1producerandconsumerdetennjneshlatpopulahontakesaveryDimportanposih0nintheregionalsoci0ec0n0ndcdevelopmenLThecontradichonbetWeenp0pulationandwater,land,envirnmentandeconondcdevel0pmentistheInainoneintheregi0ItalPREDSystem.ThoughtheQaihoBasinhasvastexpanseoftenainandabundantresources,thet0ughnaedcondihonsofdryandcoldcllInaelllmakesitveryhardforhumanliving.Meanwhile,theecon0ndcdevelopmentmodedsgres0urcesexPloitahonaspriorityrequiresasultablegr0wthrateofp0pulaho…     

SCE-UA方法在新安江模型参数优化中的应用

以前在使用新安江模型时人们遇到的最大困难可归因于缺乏有效的参数全局优化的数学方法,事实上对于一个缺乏经验的人来说,模型参数的人工试错计算的过程是一个相当不容易的过程,并且耗时颇多,为此,近些年来研究者们正在探索把概念性水文模型中的专家经验与自动优化计算相结合的方法或者数学优化中的全局优化方法,如SEC-UA方法,本文首先简述新安江模型,而后采用3个大小和气候条件各不相同的流域对SCE-UA算法就在新安江模型计算的参数优化进行了研究,研究结果表明,SCE-UA算法用来进行新安江模型的参数优化所取得的效果是好的,从率定和检验的结果来看,SCE-UA算法可以使得率定的新安江模型的参数达到全局最优并且从概念上也合理。     

Planar heliocentric roto-translatory motion of a spacecraft with a solar sail of complex shape

A complete treatment of the general motion of rotation and translation of a solar-sail spacecraft is proposed for the non-flat sail of complex shape. The planar heliocentric roto-translatory motion is considered, orbit-rotational coupling in the problem of altitude and orbital sail motion is investigated for the two-folding sail formed by two unequal reflective rectangular plates oriented at a right angle. The problem of orbit-rotational coupling is essentially a planar one: both sail plates are orthogonal to the orbital plane. The possibility of the non-controlled interplanetary transfer with such two-folding sail at its passive radiational orientation is established analytically from point of view of orbit-rotational coupling. Optimal geometric proportions of this sail are found at minimum-time interplanetary transfers.     

人工船礁铺设模式优选方法研究

以人工船礁水动力学特征及优化组合方式为主要研究内容,采用数值研究的方法,探讨了人工船礁的不同组合及其规模大小对于形成上升流与背涡流的效果、促进海水的上下混合与交换的影响,并在此基础上建立了人工船礁铺设方式优选模式。结果表明,从船礁的相对效果看,铺设模式以大型单体船礁为最佳;不同类型船礁组合产生的最大上升流流速为来流速度的0．05—0．15倍;随来流速度的增加,产生的上升流及背涡流影响效果显著增强,在不同来流速度下,上升流影响范围与礁宽之比为1．1—5．0,流影高度与礁高之比为1．4—2．0,背涡流流影长度与礁高之比为4．5—13．0;不同礁体及其组合对“冲淤”影响差异较大,船礁因流线型形状,其“冲淤”影响较小。文中建立的人工船礁铺设方式优选模式,可为人工船礁水槽试验和现场铺设提供理论依据。