苏北盆地高邮—金湖凹陷古近系阜宁组细粒沉积岩纹层特征与成因*

深水细粒沉积物不仅可作为烃源岩,也可成为非常规油气的储集层。以苏北盆地高邮—金湖凹陷古近系阜宁组阜二段半深湖—深湖水平层理细粒沉积岩为研究对象,通过高精度厘米级岩心观察描述、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射全岩矿物分析、微量元素测试及扫描电镜等手段,分析了岩石纹层特征并尝试探讨其成因。结果表明: 高邮—金湖凹陷阜宁组二段半深湖—深湖细粒沉积岩岩性复杂,多种物质组分的混合及叠置形成了不同颜色的纹层。水平层理可根据纹层厚度进一步分为薄纹层状和厚纹层状2类沉积构造,两者的宏观与微观结构、物质组成等均存在差异。纹层成因复杂,但主要受形成和保存2个方面因素影响。在纹层形成过程中,各物质组分的产生与沉淀均具有季节性意义;纹层的保存主要与水体深度有关。     

松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床层间氧化带地球化学特征*

钱家店砂岩型铀矿床是松辽盆地发现的特大型铀矿床,目前已发现的铀矿主要赋存在上白垩统姚家组下段,矿体呈板状、透镜状,主要受层间氧化带控制。通过对钱家店砂岩型铀矿层间氧化带各带(氧化带、过渡带及还原带)的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素进行测试分析,结果表明各带地球化学特征存在较大的差异,其中依据Fe₂O₃、FeO、Al₂O₃、SiO₂、Na₂O及K₂O可对层间氧化带进行较准确的分带,MgO、CaO具有一定的分带指示意义。从氧化带到过渡带,趋于富集的微量元素主要为放射性元素(U)、大离子亲石元素(Li、Ba)、亲硫元素(Ni)、高场强元素(Nb、Ta)和性质活跃的变价元素(Mo)等,且 LREE、MREE和HREE均有不同程度富集,反映了水—岩作用时间较长、强度较大。有机碳、S_全、ωFe³⁺/ωFe²⁺还原性指标在不同分带的显著差异表明,随着含氧含铀水在姚家组地层中迁移,还原性组分变化强烈,具有明显的分带指示意义。     

桩海地区下古生界潜山储层发育规律与发育模式

桩海地区位于济阳坳陷渤海湾南部极浅海地区。下古生界包括寒武系和下、中奥陶统,主要由海相碳酸盐岩构成。古潜山主要发育风化壳岩溶带储层和内幕储层。下古生界碳酸盐岩裂缝-溶蚀型储集层的发育特征以有无上古覆盖是岩溶发育的前提;古地貌、古水系控制岩溶发育强度。其发育规律为:岩溶作用是下古生界储集层发育的基础;岩性和断裂作用决定内幕储层的形成与发育。主要以岩溶作用产生的背景与条件、发展或消亡过程为主线,辅以断裂与裂缝对储层的改造作用,分2个层次建立了下古生界碳酸盐岩储层的发育模式。经钻采实践检验,储层发育规律与建立的储层发育模式均得到证实。     

QIANGTANG MASSIF CRUST DEFORMATION FEATURES, DIFFERENCE AND ITS GENETIC MECHANISM STUDY

QIANGTANG MASSIF CRUST DEFORMATION FEATURES, DIFFERENCE AND ITS GENETIC MECHANISM STUDY     

Diagenetic of the Mesozoic complex weathering crust reservoir rock in Fulin subsag,Jiyang Depression

The formation of weathering crust reservoirs and the analysis of their differences have become the current research focus of reservoir geology. The Mesozoic oil and gas exploration in the Fulin subsag of Zhanhua sag in the Jiyang Depression of Bohai Bay Basin has encountered its bottleneck. Only the weathering crust at top of the Cretaceous is currently penetrated by exploration wells and the weathering crust reservoir is characterized by complex lithology and high heterogeneity. In order to enhance exploration in the Mesozoic buried hill reservoir in the study area and even the Jiyang Depression,it's of great importance to figure out diagenetic evolution,reservoir space types and their combination relationships. The complex lithology of weathering crust reservoir rock of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag was studied by core and thin section observation combining with well logging data. The results show that the key lithologies of weathering crust include andesite and tuff,followed by dyke,cryptoexplosive breccia and glutenite. During the complex burial process,different tectonic units underwent the evolution of 'sag-uplift-uplift' or 'sag-uplift-sag',resulting in significant differences for diagenetic sequence and pore evolution of different reservoir rocks. The primary pore types and their genesis of igneous and clastic rocks are obviously different,but the present reservoir space is dominated by secondary pores,especially dissolution pores. The dissolved material includes porphyry,matrix and volcanic debris. The dominant fluid for dissolution is variable. In addition to the atmospheric fresh water rich in CO₂ during the uplifting and exposure,the organic acid discharged during the maturation of organic matter has a positive effect on improving reservoir quality. The formation of favorable weathering crust reservoir rock is controlled by lithology,burial evolution and diagenetic fluid. On the whole,the reservoir quality order of the Cretaceous Xiwa Formation in the Fulin subsag is as follow: Volcaniclastic rock,vesicular andesite,tuff,subvolcanic rock. Different weathering crust reservoir rocks in the study area underwent different diagenetic modification during the complex burial process.     

Sedimentary environment of shallow-water delta and beach-bar of the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation in Lixian slope of Raoyang sag,Jizhong Depression

Shallow-water delta and beach-bar are not only the current research hotspots of sedimentology,but also the important sedimentary types of sand body for oil and gas exploration. The sedimentary environment controls the development and evolution of shallow-water delta and beach-bar. Based on the analysis of core,well,logging,spore-pollen fossils and trace elements,the types of sedimentary system and sedimentary environment of the Member 1 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Lixian slope of the Raoyang sag,Jizhong Depression was studied integratedly. The results showed that: (1)Shallow-water delta and beach-bar deposits were mainly developed in the study area in the Member 1 of Shahejie Formation(Es₁). The inner and outer shallow-water delta fronts predominated during the deposition of the bottom sandstone section of the lower sub-Member of Es₁. Lake level rose and shallow-water delta retrograded,and beach-bar predominated during the deposition of the special lithologic section of the lower sub-Member of Es₁. The lake level fell,and the delta that prograded to the center of lake. The main sedimentary body changed into the shallow-water delta during the deposition of the upper sub-Member of Es₁. (2)The sedimentary evolution of shallow-water delta and beach-bar are controlled by sedimentary environment. During the deposition of the bottom sandstone section of the lower sub-Member of Es₁,the study area was in a relatively arid subtropical climate,and the lake was in the relatively shallow oxidized and brackish setting,which was conducive for the development of the shallow-water delta. During the deposition of the special lithologic section of the lower sub-Member of Es₁,large-scale lake transgression increased the lake level,while the provenance supply was limited in the study area. The lake changed into the reducing setting within the relatively humid climate and increased salinity,which was favorable for the formation of beach-bar. During the deposition of the upper sub-Member of Es₁,the source supply was sufficient,and the study area was in the relatively humid subtropical climate. Meanwhile,the lake basin shrank,the lake level decreased. The relatively low salinity and oxidized fresh water setting was conductive for the deposition of the shallow-water delta.     

歧口凹陷层序构成样式的时空差异性研究

歧口凹陷为中国东部渤海湾盆地内重要的内陆断陷含油气凹陷,具有多幕构造演化、多类构造样式、多个物源体系、沉积体系演化时空变化剧烈等特点,导致层序构成样式在时空上具有显著的差异性。结合歧口凹陷构造古地貌背景和物源供给体系时空演化差异性的研究,在研究区古近系总结出四种典型的层序构成样式:断控陡坡带型层序样式、多级断阶带型层序样式、轴向断坡带型层序样式、挠曲坡折带型层序样式。层序构成样式的时空差异主要受控于宏观构造的幕式演化和局部同沉积断裂不同组合样式所形成的特定的古地貌差异,而物源供给体系的强弱程度以及供给方向变化也是控制层序构成样式的重要因素。不同类型的层序构成样式控制了沉积体系、砂分散体系的时空分布特征,进而影响了砂体的分散和堆积样式。因此,层序构成样式的时空差异性分析对于研究区有利隐蔽圈闭的预测具有重要指导意义。     

东营凹陷第三系流体物理化学场及其演化特征

东营凹陷第三系为最重要的油气层系旬流体物理化学场及其演化特征：①地温梯度较高（现今地温梯度为３．６℃／１００ｍ）,自凹陷形成以来,地温梯度和大地热流值变化不大;②地层流体压力为中等超压－强超压,在剖面上可划分为静水压力过渡压力带和地质压力带;③地层水主要表现为沉积埋藏水的特点,并经历了沉积作用埋藏与淋滤作用并存和埋藏封闭作用３个演化阶段;④存在着静水压力、过渡压力和地质压力３个流体动力系统,其中过     

辽河盆地东部凹陷古地温演化研究

基于化学动力学原理,采用镜质组反射率模拟计算法,对辽河盆地东部凹陷14口井的古地温演化进行了恢复,重建了各时期平均古地温柱。总结了古地温演化的总体特征,认为研究区古近纪古地温演化特点是Es₃高,Es_1-2低,Ed-N高,为波状高地温演化。区域上,凹陷内部呈南北高、中央低的趋势,南部黄金带、二界沟及北部牛居地区的地温梯度一般在35℃~40℃/km,而中段相对较低(29℃~35℃/km).