渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系混合沉积特征及发育模式*

渤海莱州湾凹陷南部古近系沙三下亚段广泛发育陆源碎屑与碳酸盐混合沉积。通过对井壁取心、测井及综合化验资料的分析,对研究区混合沉积特征、发育模式及控制因素进行分析。结果表明: 研究区既发育同一岩层内的混合沉积,又发育碳酸盐岩与陆源碎屑的互层混合沉积。混合沉积形成于两大物源注入背景下的湖泊滨岸环境,可进一步分为泥坪、砂质滩坝、浅滩和半深湖等混合沉积亚相,主要体现为波浪和湖流作用的双重影响。沙三下亚段整体呈现出水退式发育的特点,主要发育湖侵域和高位域,湖侵域主要发育半深湖混合沉积和浅滩混合沉积,高位域主要发育砂质滩坝混合沉积。混合沉积物受古地貌、古气候、古物源和湖平面变化的控制,优势储集亚相为砂质滩坝混合沉积亚相和浅滩混合沉积亚相。该研究成果不仅为莱州湾凹陷南部古近系优质动用储量研究提供了指导,而且为下一步勘探指明了方向。     

准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷沉积储集层研究进展*

准噶尔盆地西北缘玛湖凹陷中心区10×10⁸ t级砾岩大油区的发现,带动了该区沉积储集层研究的不断深入。作者梳理了准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究现状和进展,认为准噶尔盆地西北缘及玛湖凹陷的沉积储集层研究的进展主要表现为: (1)提出了新的砂砾岩储集层岩石相和岩石学分析方法;(2)探索形成了新的沉积储集层地球物理测井和地震描述技术;(3)针对不同层系,在沉积物源、沉积相、沉积环境、沉积体系和沉积模式等方面取得大量新认识,建立了大型退覆式浅水缓坡扇三角洲沉积模式,指导油气勘探不断获得新突破;(4)在成岩作用理论指导下,所发现的储集层埋藏深度不断增加。研究表明,玛湖凹陷的沉积体系具有继承性: 从二叠纪到新近纪,发育了火山—碎屑岩沉积体系、细粒—蒸发盐沉积体系以及粗粒冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲等沉积体系,气候、构造和湖平面变化控制了沉积体系的形成和演化。沉积储集层研究为玛湖砾岩大油田的发现提供了有力的理论支持。未来应当加强针对古老层系和深部地层的沉积储集层研究工作,重视新理论新技术在西北缘和玛湖沉积储集层研究中的应用,已经形成的理论技术需要在勘探实践中接受进一步检验和完善。     

Diagenetic differences caused by the charging of natural gases with various compositions - a case study on the lower Zhuhai Formation clastic reservoirs in the WC-A sag,the Pearl River Mouth Basin

Only a limited number of comparative studies have explored the diagenetic differences of reservoirs caused by the charging of natural gases with different compositions during the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the diagenetic variations of the lower Zhuhai Formation reservoirs in the WC-A sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin, as a result of natural gas charging with different compositions. The employed methods included electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathode luminescence, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition analysis of formation water, stable isotope analysis, and fluid inclusion determination. The results indicated that: (1) in the lower Zhuhai Formation reservoir that are near the large fractures, the late-charging of CO₂-rich thermal fluid promoted the dissolution of minerals, and changed the porosity, permeability, pH value of fluid, and the contents of ions such as K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ of the reservoirs. These changes, in turn, indirectly affected the content, form, and distribution of clay minerals in the reservoirs. In addition, the secondary enlargement of quartz was enhanced. (2) The charging of CO₂-rich thermal fluid caused strong dissolution and produced high contents of cements. The dissolution mainly occurred in a half open system with strong fluid activity. Consequently, the significantly decreasing of permeability was hindered and middle porosity–middle permeability reservoirs were generated. The reservoirs that are far from the large fractures, however, were mainly early charged by the hydrocarbon-rich fluid. The dissolution was weak and the generated cements were limited. In addition, the dissolution products could not be discharged in such closed diagenetic systems. As a result, the permeability of the reservoir was declined sharply and resulted in low porosity–low permeability reservoirs.     

南堡凹陷高南地区东三段低渗储层敏感性特征的微观机制研究

南堡凹陷高南地区东三段(Ed3)储层中速敏性的产生主要是分布于孔隙中的高岭石微粒发生迁移的结果;在粘土含量较低的样品中速敏性较弱,由于高岭石晶粒的长度及直径均多数大于喉道直径,因此随粘土杂基含量的增加,速敏性会随之增加.由于方解石胶结物主要分布于粒间孔隙中,喉道中胶结物及粘土杂基均较少,盐酸酸化对改善储层渗透性意义不大,只有采用土酸酸化处理才能起到应有的效果.由于喉道中石英的加大现象常见,而其他填隙物较少见,强碱性钻井液的浸入有助于改善储层渗透性.但因碱敏性实验测得pH值的临界值为7.7,以及大量强碱性钻井液浸入储层会造成大量碱不稳定组分的溶解,具有形成大量二次沉淀的潜在因素,加上钻井液难于及时返排,在钻井过程中还是要特别注意钻井液碱度的选择.由于蒙托石及伊/蒙混层粘土在不同位置含量的差别,导致了研究区储层的盐敏性程度相差较大.     

丽水—椒江凹陷下第三系断裂系统动力机制研究

丽水—椒江凹陷是一个中新生代断陷盆地,断裂构造组成了盆地内的主要构造样式。通过对区域断层剖面组合和平面展布特征的研究,识别出8种类型的断层剖面组合形式,在平面上划分了12个断裂系统区。总体来说本区构造具有东西分带、南北分块的特征,即断裂系统沿北东—南西方向成条带状分布,凹陷南部以地堑式组合为主,北部以地垒式为主。区域断裂系统的演变显示凹陷南北基底基岩存在差异,而且基底发育北西—南东向的断层,从而导致凹陷南部构造活动较北部强。     

地震属性法在南黄海北部盆地勘探新区烃源岩厚度预测中的应用

新区、深层和深水等低勘探程度地区是今后油气勘探的重要方向,而烃源岩厚度预测则是沉积盆地勘探新区烃源岩评价的重要问题。以南黄海北部盆地勘探新区东北凹陷的烃源岩早期评价为背景,基于地震反射特征追踪东北凹陷内烃源岩的发育层位和空间展布研究成果,首次应用地震属性方法对东北凹陷的主力烃源岩(上白垩统泰州组和古新统阜宁组)厚度进行了初步预测,并结合地震速度岩性分析法对本区泰州组烃源岩厚度的预测结果加以验证。结果表明南黄海盆地东北凹陷泰州组烃源岩较阜宁组烃源岩分布广且厚度大,西次洼为东北凹陷主力生烃洼陷。地震属性法是沉积盆地勘探新区内定量化预测烃源岩厚度的一种行之有效的新方法,其对于类似盆地勘探早期的烃源岩评价研究也具有非常重要的借鉴意义。     

苏北盆地溱潼凹陷戴一段沉积-层序特征及其对岩性勘探的指示意义

为厘清溱潼凹陷戴一段岩性勘探有利层段及区带这一关键地质问题,应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积学等基础理论、技术方法,综合地震、钻井岩心及测井资料,对溱潼凹陷戴一段进行了沉积-层序研究,识别出层序界面及洪泛面两类转换面,并进一步划分为1个长期、5个中期旋回层序,深凹带5个中期旋回层序发育齐全,中-外坡逐渐减少至2个,明确了泰州凸起是戴一段的主物源方向,戴一段发育扇三角洲沉积体系,沉积相带展布受物源、基准面升降共同控制。沉积-层序综合研究表明纵向上戴一段MSC1、MSC2、MSC3时期泥岩隔层发育、储盖组合有利,是岩性勘探最有利层段;平面上相带的展布决定了岩性勘探的有利区带,西斜坡的蔡家堡-陈家舍、帅西、帅垛及帅北地区处于多期扇体前缘砂岩尖灭区,是岩性/构造-岩性圈闭勘探的重点区域。     

LS凹陷岩性油气藏勘探实践

LS凹陷是一个东断西超的断陷盆地,古新统MYF组低位沉积时期,西斜坡上形成了“沟＋坡＋扇”沉积格局,岩性圈闭发育其中。从岩性圈闭沉积背景出发,综合应用高分辨率层序地层学、沉积相分析、储层预测和描述等关键技术,发现了一组有利油气聚集的低位扇,揭示了一个具有相同沉积背景、相同成藏机理的勘探领域。     

济阳坳陷陡坡带构造特征--以东营凹陷北坡为例

济阳坳陷为一典型北陡南缓的箕状断陷盆地,其各凹陷北部的强断裂活动造成北断南超、北陡南缓的构造格局。以东营凹陷北坡为例,盆倾断裂发育,切割潜山顶面呈阶梯状,断裂旁侧沉积较厚,常发育褶皱构造。断裂上升盘遭剥蚀,下降盘发育一系列扇体,为油气聚集的有利场所。     

A single mooring system with sag-extensibility and flexural rigidity applied to offshore platform

Floating platform system has been extensively used in ocean exploitation, particularly for a tension-leg platform (TLP) system in deep water. Most of the TLPs are multi-mooring systems, where multi-joints are connected to the tension-legs so that the platform is not allowed to twist freely and may subject to enormous force induced by large incident waves in the weak-direction of the structure. This study aims to exploit a single moored offshore platform system that may attract less force and can be operated with less effort. In our analysis, in addition to mechanical properties of the tether, two important properties are also taken into consideration for the single mooring tether with expanded cross sectional dimension and utilization of stronger material, namely, the sag-extensibility and the flexural rigidity. Finally, the dynamic structural behavior produced by the mechanical effects on the new system is investigated and compared with that of traditional design while the wave-structure interactions of large body are also accounted for. Our study finds that the neglect of sag-extensibility or the flexural rigidity of large, strong mooring cable may result in a conservative but not necessarily safe design.