Long-lived magmatic systems and implications on the recognition of granite–pegmatite genetic relations: Characterization of the Pavia granitic pegmatites (Ossa-Morena Zone,Portugal)

It is generally accepted that pegmatites are derived from large masses of granite but, even in areas where complete mineralogical, chemical and isotopic datasets are available, the relation between pegmatites and host granitic rocks or nearby plutons is usually not simple to address. The Pavia pluton, located in the Ossa-Morena Zone (Iberian Massif), is a multiphase intrusive body constructed over ∼11 m.y. by the amalgamation of several batches of magma. At the first glance, pegmatites seem to constitute a very homogeneous pegmatite field. They are mainly “intragranitic” thin tabular dikes, unzoned, layered, or with simple internal structure and are composed by the ordinary minerals that constitute the different classes of igneous rocks. They also present identical whole rock major and trace elements geochemistry and isotopic signature [(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.70434–0.70581, ɛNd_t = −1.3 to −3.7 and δ¹⁸O = 8.2–9.6‰] but, based on previously published geochronological data, three generations of pegmatites were identified. Two of these are coeval with the emplacement of the host granites (s.l.) at 328 Ma and ca. 324 Ma. The other is related to a later magmatic event at 319–317 Ma. A similar and rather juvenile source is suggested for host granites (s.l.) and pegmatites but a simple and continuous process of intra-chamber magmatic differentiation is not supported by our data. It is suggested that pegmatites derived from slightly evolved batches of magma that interacted with fresh, newly emplaced, batches (from the same or from a similar source) with limited interaction with the crust. Therefore, the Pavia pegmatites do not represent the final products of magmatism at this level of the crust but slightly differentiated products of different batches of magma. This study demonstrates how long-lived magmatic systems can potentially affect the recognition of granite–pegmatite genetic relationships.     

北秦岭蟒岭岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及其演化

蟒岭岩体位于北秦岭构造带北部,岩石类型主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩、中细粒二长花岗岩、含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩和黑云母钾长花岗岩。依据LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果,结合前人测试的年龄,将蟒岭岩体的岩浆演化划分为晚侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期和早白垩世中期3期。第一期为含辉石黑云角闪闪长岩,其LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年龄为（157±1） Ma,该期岩石SiO₂质量分数较低,富碱,属于准铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性系列;第二期二长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（148±1） Ma~（144±1） Ma,具有高硅、富碱的特征,属于准铝质-弱过铝质,钾玄岩-高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩;第三期黑云母钾长花岗岩,侵位年龄为（124±2） Ma,具高硅、富碱、低镁、铝饱和指数偏高的特征,属过铝质,高钾钙碱性I-A过渡型花岗岩。组成蟒岭岩体的花岗岩从早到晚,SiO₂质量分数逐渐升高,而Al₂O₃、TiO₂、MgO、CaO、P₂O₅、TFe₂O₃质量分数逐渐降低;稀土元素总量具有由高到低的变化趋势,第一期和第二期岩石的稀土元素配分曲线为轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾型,而第三期的稀土元素配分曲线呈两边高中间低的不对称弧形,整体上负铕异常不明显或呈微弱正铕异常;微量元素上,这3期岩石均富集K、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,而相对亏损P、Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。与区域上同时代成矿花岗岩体对比,两者均具有高硅、富碱的特征,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线呈轻稀土元素富集的右倾斜型,但蟒岭岩体中二长花岗岩没有明显的Eu异常,且Ba、P、Ti亏损及Ta、Nb富集没有含矿花岗岩明显。     

吉林福安堡棒子山花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

棒子山岩体为福安堡钼矿床的赋矿围岩,其岩性主要为似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩、二长花岗岩、黑云母花岗闪长岩和花岗斑岩等。本次测得似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为179±2Ma、172±1Ma,形成于中侏罗世,属燕山早期。棒子山花岗岩的SiO2含量为61.89%～71.06%,相对较高;Al2O3含量很高,为14.54%～17.11%;K2O含量为2.28%～4.38%,Na2O含量为3.74%～7.82%,Fe2O3含量为2.34%～5.91%,MgO含量为0.55%～2.37%。微量元素特征显示,棒子山花岗岩富集Rb、K等大离子亲石元素和不相容元素U、Th,强烈亏损Ba、Ta、Nb、P、Ti等元素;稀土元素特征显示轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,轻重稀土分馏明显,有轻微的Eu负异常。上述结果表明,棒子山花岗岩石为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩,其形成可能与太平洋板块的俯冲有关。     

湘中印支期关帝庙岩体地球化学特征及成因

关帝庙岩体位于湘中盆地,据年龄资料可分为中三叠世末和晚三叠世中期两个形成时期。中三叠世花岗岩中发育闪长质暗色微粒包体,自早至晚依次为细中粒角闪石黑云母花岗闪长岩、细中粒斑状角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、细-细中粒(斑状)黑云母二长花岗岩。晚三叠世花岗岩自早至晚依次为细中粒-粗中粒斑状二云母二长花岗岩、细粒二云母二长花岗岩。岩石高硅、富铝、高钾,(Na2O+K2O)含量为6.80%~8.87%,平均7.74%;K2O/Na2O比值在1.35~2.66之间,平均为1.58;ASI值为0.99~1.40。总体属镁质、高钾钙碱性系列过铝质花岗岩类。中三叠世花岗岩Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti表现为明显亏损,Rb、(Th+U+K)、(La+Ce)、Nd、(Zr+Hf+Sm)、(Y+Yb+Lu)等则相对富集。中、晚三叠世花岗岩ΣREE含量为121.60~197.56μg/g,平均为158.70μg/g;δEu值0.28~0.68,平均为0.53;(La/Yb)N值为5.94~17.53,平均13.80。中三叠世花岗岩ISr值为0.71302~0.71758,εSr(t)值为121~186,εNd(t)值为-9.95~-8.74,t2DM为1.72~1.82Ga。C/MF-A/MF图解显示源岩主要为碎屑岩、少量基性岩和泥质岩。地质地球化学特征表明,印支期关帝庙花岗岩属S型花岗岩,形成于碰撞-后碰撞构造环境。     

胶西北秦姑庵花岗岩体岩石成因及对金成矿的启示：元素地球化学、锆石U—Pb年代学及Lu—Hf同位素制约

本文通过对分布于胶西北地区南部的秦姑庵花岗岩体开展详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石UPb年代学和锆石LuHf同位素地球化学研究,识别出粗中粒二长花岗岩、斑状中粒二长花岗岩和细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,它们具有相同的地球化学特征和同位素组成,呈连续演化关系,为同源岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学研究表明,花岗岩具有高的SiO2（68.73％～75.27％）、全碱（K2O+Na2O=8.39％～8.93％）,低的Al2O3（13.38％～15.84％）、MgO（0.14％～0.98%）、P2O5（0.02％～0.13%）、Sr（118×10-6～520×10-6）、Y（7.03×10-6～12.30×10-6）、Yb（0.78×10-6～1.34×10-6）含量特征,轻稀土（LREE）富集、重稀土（HREE）相对亏损（LREE／HREE=18.39～26.72）,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显［(La/Yb)N＝17.13～42.58］,Eu中等负异常（δEu=0.49～0.76）,富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）,亏损高场强元素（HFSE）。锆石SHRIMP定年结果表明,斑状中粒二长花岗岩形成于（119.9±1.3）Ma,秦姑庵岩体形成于早白垩世晚期,时代上与胶东地区伟德山型花岗岩一致。锆石原位LuHf同位素分析表明,εHf（t）为24.07～19.27,二阶段模式年龄TDM2为2398～2696 Ma,岩浆源区主要来源于古元古代物质的部分熔融,少部分为新太古代基底岩石。岩体形成于加厚下地壳的下部,其残留相可能由斜长石+辉石+角闪石+石榴石组成,相当于麻粒岩相或石榴石麻粒岩相。花岗岩的同位素年龄与胶西北金矿床的成矿时代一致,指示120Ma左右的岩浆活动为金成矿提供了流体和热动力条件。     

东秦岭莲花沟岩体锆石U-Pb年代学研究及其地质意义

本文是笔者近几年在陕西省洛南县灵口地区开展钼多金属矿找矿评价和研究工作中,利用LA—ICPMS锆石U—Pb法新获得的莲花沟岩体同位索年代学数据的研究成果。其中的闪长岩单元年龄为（137±2）～（158±2）Ma,加权平均年龄为（147．7±2．0）Ma,二长花岗斑岩为（115±2）～（164±3）Ma,加权平均为（144．5±8．9）Ma。两组年龄数据谐和性较好,可代表两个单元岩石或岩体的成岩年龄。由此,提出莲花沟岩体应和金堆城、南泥湖、三道庄等一些大型一超大型钼多金属矿床相关的燕山晚期（160～110Ma）小侵人体为同一构造岩浆旋回作用产物,且提示在东秦岭地区还有发现新的同类型岩体和钼多金属矿床的潜在条件。     

藏北聂荣地区早侏罗世末期的岩浆混合作用及构造意义

藏北聂荣岩体的岩浆源区性质和岩石成因还未能得到很好约束,直接限制了对班公湖-怒江缝合带早侏罗世构造岩浆演化历史的认识。为探讨这一问题,本文报道了聂荣岩体中的花岗质岩石及其闪长质包体的岩石学、全岩主量元素和微量元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年和Lu-Hf同位素分析结果。一件闪长质包体样品的锆石U-Pb年龄为175.0±1.3Ma,与其寄主花岗岩类样品的年龄(174.5±1.4Ma,175.9±0.4Ma)同期。聂荣岩体中～175Ma的寄主岩石均属于偏铝质到过铝质(A/CNK=1.04～1.16)钾玄岩系列的花岗闪长岩到碱性花岗岩,标准刚玉分子数为0.6%～2.1%,包括I型和S型两种成因类型,富集大离子亲石元素、轻稀土元素和Pb,锆石εHf(t)值为-9.8～-3.7,Hf同位素地壳模式年龄为1.45～1.84Ga,主要来源于成熟地壳物质的重熔;闪长质包体在成分上主要属偏铝质钾玄岩系列的二长闪长岩,锆石εHf(t)值变化范围大(-10.3～-1.2),Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄介于0.87～1.22Ga,其来源可能与古老岩石圈地幔物质的部分熔融有关。聂荣地区在早侏罗世末期很可能发生了来源于成熟地壳物质深熔或重熔的熔体(占大比例)和岩石圈地幔来源的幔源岩浆之间的混合作用,混合过程中幔源组分的输入使S型熔体向I型熔体转化。在～175Ma侵位的聂荣岩体很可能是这种由岩浆混合作用形成的母岩浆再经历一定程度的分离结晶作用形成的。结合碎屑锆石研究成果,本文暂时主张聂荣岩体可能是与由班公湖-怒江洋壳北向俯冲所引起的聂荣微陆块和羌塘地体间碰撞相关的产物,这可能指示班公湖-怒江洋壳沿聂荣微陆块南侧的分支,在侏罗纪早期既发生了南向俯冲(俯冲于拉萨地体之下),又发生了北向俯冲(俯冲于羌塘地体之下)等地球动力学过程。     

赣南兴国留龙金矿田井头复式岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及地质意义

赣南兴国县留龙金矿田井头复式岩体由主体花岗闪长岩和补体闪长岩组成,其中闪长岩主要由角闪石和斜长石组成,而不是英安岩或粗玄岩,其主体和补体的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线相互平行,属于轻稀土元素富集型,Eu有弱的亏损,两者来源于同一个岩浆房;并发现了具有金矿化特征的绿泥石化蚀变闪长岩,是一个新的地质找矿方向;锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素年代学研究表明,井头复式岩体的主体花岗闪长岩的成岩年龄为(162.6±2.6)Ma(MSWD=0.75),具有金矿化特征的绿泥石化蚀变闪长岩的成岩年龄为(156.6±1.7)Ma(MSWD=0.46)。区域地质及井头复式岩体的地球化学分析显示,该区金矿的形成与中晚侏罗世的浅成相中酸性、中性或基性岩浆岩密切相关,与赣南地区燕山早期钨锡矿的成矿时代同步,在同一构造背景下形成,两者应属于同一成矿系列。     

Desilication veins in the Cadillac Mountain granite (Maine, USA): a record of reversals in the SiO2 solubility of H2O-rich vapour released during subsolidus cooling

Late-stage hydrous fluids, which evolved during the cooling of the Cadillac Mountain granite, Maine, USA, produced narrow veins that transect the pluton. The vein margins contain microstructures transitional between granite and the vein centre. They preserve the vestige shapes of original Na-rich alkali feldspar crystals that have been pseudomorphed by cordierite+quartz+K-rich alkali feldspar. Closer to the centres of the veins, the minerals change from an outer zone with cordierite, hercynitic–galaxite spinel, minor corundum, K-feldspar and plagioclase to an inner zone with remnant cordierite, hercynitic gahnite, strongly zoned almandine–spessartine garnet, chlorite and quartz. Three allochemical reactions are inferred to have occurred with the influx of hydrous fluids during the replacement process. Reaction (1) is Na-rich alkali feldspar+iron ions in solution=Fe-cordierite+quartz+K-feldspar+sodium ions in solution. Reactions (2) and (3) occurred during desilication. Reaction (2) is Fe-cordierite=hercynite+silica in solution, and reaction (3) is Fe-cordierite+water=corundum+iron hydroxide in solution+silicic acid in solution. Two independent techniques, experimental silica-solubility data and spinel–cordierite thermobarometry, constrain the conditions of vein formation to c.   1.0  kbar and both methods indicate that the progressive mineral reactions occurred during cooling of the hydrous fluids from c. 775° to 400–340  °C. This cooling trend is consistent with the petrographic evidence, which demonstrates that reactions occurred before desilication, during desilication, and then diminished with a final phase of resilication. Although the veins are minor features of the Cadillac Mountain granite, they provide insight into the conditions that prevailed during cooling of the pluton, and similar features may be important for constraining the cooling history of shallow-level plutonic complexes elsewhere.     

金佛寺岩体地球化学特征及成因

金佛寺岩体是一个晚志留世侵入于北祁连造山带中的花岗质岩体,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩,黑云母钾长花岗岩和黑云母石英二长岩组成。岩体中岩石w(SiO2)为67.09%~74.97%,w(K2O)/w(Na2O)为1.18~1.83,w(MgO),w(TFeO),w(CaO)和w(Al2O3)随w(SiO2)增大而减小,而w(K2O)增大。ANCK为1.06~1.24,均属铝过饱和,σ为1.25~2.48,属钙碱性系列。ΣREE为(21.36~254.9)×10-6,与w(SiO2)呈负相关关系,多数稀土配分曲线相似:轻稀土分异明显大于重稀土。δ(Eu)为0.64~0.19,铕的亏损随w(SiO2)增大而增大。Ni,Cr,Co,Sc,V和Sr随w(SiO2)增大而变小,Rb增大,Th和Th/U比值呈正相关,Ta与Nb/Ta呈负相关。岩体的主量元素、稀土和微量元素的变异主要由深熔过程引起,而不是结晶分异作用引起的。主要源岩是富长英质的,而不是富泥质的,其矿物组合可能是普通角闪石 黑云母 斜长石 钾长石 石英,与北大河岩群很相似。