帕米尔东北缘穷阿木太克岩体年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

分布于帕米尔东北缘羌塘地块上的穷阿木太克岩体,与班公湖怒江洋的闭合有着密切关系。岩体主要由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,穷阿木太克岩体的形成年龄为(107.0±1.2) Ma(MSWD=0.55),属于早白垩世晚期。地球化学结果显示,主量元素具有富Ca、富K、富碱等特点,岩石Al含量较高,为弱过铝质花岗岩系列,具典型的钙碱性特征。稀土元素具有轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型特征,并显示弱的负铕异常。微量元素表现出大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K高度富集和高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Hf强烈亏损。岩石在成因上可能是地壳下部基性岩石经熔融或部分熔融作用形成的。结合本区所处的构造环境,早白垩世晚期穷阿木太克岩体可能形成于羌塘地块与冈底斯地块之间同碰撞(挤压环境)向碰撞后(伸展环境)的转化阶段,为后造山花岗岩类,岩石系列从早到晚由中钾钙碱性系列向钾玄岩系列演化。     

江南造山带东段桃岭岩体的地球化学特征及其成因

位于江南造山带东段赣东北地区的桃岭岩体地球化学特征总体表现为高钾钙碱性系列,弱过铝质-强过铝质,高Mg#值。桃岭岩体富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,具弱的Eu负异常(δEu=0.62~0.81)(样品TL-1除外δEu=0.47)。锆石LA—ICPMS U—Pb定年获得桃岭岩体的成岩年龄为早白垩世(140±1)Ma。岩体初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr为0.7131~0.7141,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-7.43~-6.71。结合前人研究,笔者认为早白垩世(约140 Ma)交代的地幔发生部分熔融,幔源岩浆底侵,使地壳深处(至少40 km)的变质沉积岩发生部分熔融,并且与少量的幔源岩浆发生了岩浆混合作用,形成了桃岭岩体。     

岩体生长过程的传热学制约及其岩浆熔融效应

研究岩体生长过程的传热学制约及其引起的岩浆熔融效应能为我们认知地壳演化提供新的思路和手段。本文从年代学和测量技术两个方面综述岩体(或者岩浆房)逐渐长大的证据,然后运用Heat-3D程序简单模拟了Mount Stuart和Tenpeak岩体逐渐长大过程的传热学制约,结合年代学证据证明Mount Stuart岩体是逐渐长大的,并且每期次岩浆之间有很长的时间间隔,而Tenpeak岩体的长大可能是岩浆连续不断侵入或者各期次岩浆的短时间间隔所致。岩体逐渐长大过程引起的岩浆熔融效应是很明显的,模拟实验表明,岩浆多期次侵入地壳时生成的酸性熔体量更接近于地质观察事实。     

晋蒙地区西施沟复式岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及岩石成因

本文对晋蒙地区的西施沟复式岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学特征研究,探讨了其岩石成因及其对华北克拉通北缘中生代构造岩浆演化的启示。该岩体的岩石类型从中性岩至酸性岩连续变化且以中性岩为主,内部广泛发育微粒闪长质包体,具明显的岩浆混合成因;锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成年龄为160.19±0.50Ma,为中晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物;岩石地球化学数据表明,属于准铝(弱过铝)质的高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩;稀土总量(ΣREE)中等,轻重稀土分馏明显,无明显负铕异常;均富集轻稀土及大离子亲石元素(Ba、Rb、K),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P),具明显的陆壳成分特征;其形成可能与中晚侏罗世古太平洋板块的俯冲有关,为华北板块陆内造山作用的产物。     

海南岛琼中地区琼中岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

琼中地区琼中岩体为钙碱性的铝弱过饱和型花岗岩,具有壳源物质来源,岩石普遍发育定向组构,生成于同碰撞期—晚造山期。其锆石U-Pb年龄为226. 5±2. 9~234. 2±2. 3Ma,为晚三叠世。通过区域分析,认为海南岛海西—印支期花岗岩从西往东,具有由老至新的演化规律,形成了略向南面突出的弧状面理构造。表明同期造山活动消减方向由西至东,呈现出剪刀式闭合的特征。     

Eocene tonalite–granodiorite from the Havza (Samsun) area,northern Turkey: adakite-like melts of lithospheric mantle and crust generated in a post-collisional setting

ABSTRACT

Eocene intermediate to felsic plutons of different sizes and compositions are widespread in the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt in northern Turkey. Of these, the Ta?l?k Tepe pluton in the Havza (Samsun) area is fine-to-medium-grained, with granular, porphyritic, and micrographic textures, and include mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating yielded emplacement ages of 42.9 (± 1.4) and 40.5 (± 1.3) Ma for the host granodioritic pluton and the dioritic MMEs, respectively. Petrochemically, the host pluton has I-type, high-K calc-alkaline, and metaluminous-to-slightly peraluminous features (A/CNK = 0.95–1.06). The host pluton also shows geochemical features of adakite-like rocks with high SiO₂ (67–68 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (15.5–16.0 wt%) content and Ba/La (17–23), Sr/Y (40.7–61.6), and La_N/Yb_N (14.4–23.7) ratios and low Y (8.2–9.9 ppm) and Yb_N (3.1–4.4) contents. Whole-rock major and trace element variations suggest that fractional crystallisation played a significant role in the pluton evolution. The N-MORB normalised trace element patterns of the pluton are similar to those of MMEs with enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, Th and Ce, and negative Nb and Ti anomalies. Chondrite-normalised rare earth element plots show moderate-to-highly enriched concave patterns (La_N/Lu_N = 14.2–21.6) with insignificant negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu* = 0.86–1.14), all of which imply hornblende fractionation during magmatic evolution. The pluton samples have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.704767 to 0.704927, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios of 0.512767–0.512774, εNd values of (+2.52) – (+2.65), and δ¹⁸O values of 7.9–9.7‰. The isotopic compositions of the host pluton and MMEs are similar to I-type granitoids derived from mantle sources. The MMEs show incomplete magma mixing/mingling, representing small bodies of mafic parental magma. Combined with regional studies, these new data suggest that the parental magma of the studied adakite-like pluton was generated from the lithospheric mantle and then modified by fractional crystallisation and assimilation in a post-collisional setting.     

基于ASTERSWIR-TIR多光谱数据的西准噶尔花岗岩类岩性信息提取与识别——以克拉玛依岩体为例

花岗岩类的遥感岩性提取与识别研究一直是遥感岩石学领域的热点之一.位于中国新疆北部的西准噶尔地区有许多花岗岩体产出,其岩性信息对于西准噶尔的地质研究十分重要.本文通过对西准噶尔克拉玛依花岗岩体岩石样品及光谱库中相关矿物的可见光-近红外及短波红外(VNIR-SWIR)与热红外(TIR)的光谱测试与特性分析,采用ASTER SWIR-TIR比值13/12(R),4/6(G),(12×12)/(11×13) (B)假彩色合成技术识别与提取出研究区碱长花岗岩、花岗岩、花岗闪长岩与二长花岗岩四种花岗岩类,证明ASTER SWIR-TIR多光谱数据,尤其是TIR数据,对花岗岩类岩性识别的能力.此外,根据遥感影像中岩性、构造特征的解译与区域内包古图斑岩型铜钼矿的成矿斑岩岩体比较,推断出位于克拉玛依Ⅱ号岩体以及Ⅰ号与Ⅲ号岩体交汇部位东侧的部分区域仍可能具有一定的成矿潜力.     

青河后造山岩体成因及其对阿尔泰造山带晚古生代构造演化的启示

阿尔泰造山带位于西伯利亚板块与哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块之间,是中亚造山带重要组成部分。长期以来,阿尔泰何时结束造山一直存在争议,阻碍了对中亚造山带晚古生代构造演化的认识。中国阿尔泰造山带南缘发育早二叠世花岗岩,具有碱性或A型花岗岩特征,能够反映碰撞后伸展的构造环境。青河岩体位于阿尔泰造山带东南部,主要由二长花岗岩和少量闪长岩组成,具有研究阿尔泰造山带晚期构造演化的条件。本文以此为切入点,对青河岩体开展年代学和地球化学工作。新的测年数据表明似斑状二长花岗岩(283±3Ma)、中细粒二长花岗岩(280±2Ma)、糜棱岩化二长花岗岩(286±2Ma)和辉长闪长玢岩(269±1)均形成于早二叠世。岩体高硅(SiO_2=61. 98%～73. 35%),富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=5. 84%～8. 72%,碱度率AR=2. 12～3. 65),低钙(CaO=1. 29～3. 76%),里特曼指数σ=2. 38～2. 54,K_2O/Na_2O=0. 78～1. 06,属于高钾钙碱性岩石系列。微量元素显示Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta亏损,Eu明显负异常(δ_(Eu)=0. 46～0. 78),10000×Ga/Al=2. 85～2. 47,反映具有A型花岗岩特征,可作为阿尔泰碰撞造山作用结束的标志。另外,这些岩体ε_(Hf)(t)值介于+4. 04～+11. 78之间,二阶段模式年龄(t_(DM2))分别变化于880～694Ma、923～633Ma、875～555Ma、1030～635Ma,揭示其源区主要由新元古代幔源物质或新生地壳组成。结合区域上同时代、同构造位置富碱性(A型)花岗岩研究结果,认为青河中酸性岩体成因与地幔岩浆底侵早期下地壳有关,是新元古代玄武质物质再熔,并发生结晶分异的结果。因此,阿尔泰造山带于早二叠世(286～280Ma)已经结束了碰撞造山作用,处于伸展的构造背景。     

Magmatic structures in the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex,Bohemian Massif: evidence for localized multiphase flow and small-scale thermal–mechanical instabilities in a granitic magma chamber

The present paper examines magmatic structures in the Jizera and Liberec granites of the Krkonoše–Jizera Plutonic Complex, Bohemian Massif. The magmatic structures are here interpreted to preserve direct field evidence for highly localized magma flow and other processes in crystal-rich mushes, and to capture the evolution of physical processes in an ancient granitic magma chamber. We propose that after chamber-wide mixing and hybridization, as suggested by recent petrological studies, laminar magma flow became highly localized to weaker channel-like domains within the higher-strength crystal framework. Mafic schlieren formed at flow rims, and their formation presumably involved gravitational settling and velocity gradient flow sorting coupled with interstitial melt escape. Local thermal or compositional convection may have resulted in the formation of vertical schlieren tubes and ladder dikes whereas subhorizontal tubes or channels formed during flow driven by lateral gradients in magma pressure. After the cessation or deceleration of channel flow, gravity-driven processes (settling of crystals and enclaves, gravitational differentiation, development of downward dripping instabilities), accompanied by compaction, filter pressing and melt segregation, dominated in the crystal mush within the flow channels. Subsequently, magmatic folds developed in schlieren layers and the magma chamber recorded complex, late magmatic strains at high magma crystallinities. Late-stage magma pulsing into localized submagmatic cracks represents the latest events of magmatic history of the chamber prior to its final crystallization. We emphasize that the most favorable environments for the formation and preservation of magmatic structures, such as those hosted in the Jizera and Liberec granites, are slowly cooling crystal-rich mushes. Therefore, where preserved in plutons, these structures may lend strong support for a “mush model” of magmatic systems.     

皖南谭山岩体的锆石定年及地质意义

皖南地区广泛分布燕山期岩浆岩,但其年代学方面的工作较为薄弱。为厘定该地区燕山期岩浆岩年代学格架,本文利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法对皖南谭山岩体的正长花岗岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学研究,两个样品的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄分别为128．5±1．7Ma和128．3±1．5Ma,基本一致,为早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。结合本地区高精度年代学数据,皖南地区中生代岩浆岩可划分为三个峰期：第一峰期为142～139Ma;第二峰期为133～130Ma;第三峰期为128～125Ma。