A Numerical Simulation on the Mesoscale Dynamics of the Spring Bloom in the Sea of Japan

The northward migration of spring bloom was observed in the Sea of Japan from April to May 1997 by the Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) on board the Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (ADEOS). This phenomenon is well simulated with a numerical ecosystem model coupled with a hydrodynamic model. The hydrodynamic model is the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Modular Ocean Model (MOM). The ecosystem model consists of five components: dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus. Results of the numerical ecosystem model suggest that the mesoscale development of the spring bloom in the Sea of Japan is related to that of sea water temperature, and that the bloom is limited by the depletion of DIN. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

神头泉流量衰减原因分析及趋势预测

运用季节分解、回归分析等时序分析方法对该泉42年(1958-1999)的月观测流量资料和大气降水、人类开采地下水资料进行了分析处理。结果表明大气降水的减少是神头泉流量衰减的主要原因,其控制着泉流量变化的基本趋势,而人类活动对泉流量的衰减起促进作用,属次要因素。其中,泉流量对大气降水变化的响应存在11年的滞后期,对390～450mm区间的年降雨量变化响应最敏感; 而泉流量对人类活动的响应只有在第四系孔隙水开采量大于5×107m3/a时才明显。在此基础上,预测了泉流量未来演化趋势。此外,对山西近几十年来出现泉流量普遍减少的原因进行了讨论。      

基于GIS的济南泉域土地利用变化空间格局的研究

应用不同时期的航天遥感图像,编制各期土地利用分类图,在ARC／INFO和ARCVIEW系统的支持下,建立空问信息库。根据景观生态学原理选取斑块大小、面积、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度指数等指标,对济南泉域景观空间格局的动态变化进行了分析。结果显示,济南泉域内耕地面积迅速减少,而城镇、农村居民点和工矿建设用地大量增加,景观空间格局发生了较大变化。     

娘子关泉流量衰减原因的初步定量化分析

以娘子关泉为例,从水资源系统观点出发,通过系统水资源要素间转换关系的分析,对引起娘子关泉流量的衰减原因进行了初步量化计算。结果表明,在娘子关泉1956- 1979年和1980- 2000年前后两个系列平均流量所减少的4. 07m3 /s中,由于降雨减少、气温升高引起的泉流量减少量为1. 28m3 /s; 泉域西部采煤等导致的水环境变化引起的泉流量减少量为0. 84m3 /s;岩溶地下水直接开采引起的泉流量减少量为1. 48m3 /s。      

敦煌鸣沙山月牙泉景区风沙环境分析

基于月牙泉周边7个气象站点同步风况资料,探讨月牙泉周边起沙风况、输沙势以及主导输沙方向的空间分布特征。结合月牙泉周边沙山、建筑物、树木等的方位特点,剖析了近年来月牙泉受沙害困扰的缘由。由于受南北两高大沙山的夹击,该区北风相对较少,西风和南风较强,南侧沙山的北移最为突出,直接威胁月牙泉的存亡。     

黄海春季水华过程中微微型浮游生物的变化特点

于2007年3—4月在黄海中部海域采用流式细胞术研究了春季水华过程中聚球藻、微微型真核浮游生物和异养细菌的生物量变化。聚球藻和微微真核型浮游生物的生物量与叶绿素a浓度变化基本呈现相反的趋势,在水华前期较高,水华期迅速下降,直至水华后期又有所升高。异养细菌在整个水华过程中变化较小,生物量在水华期最高,与水柱叶绿素a浓度呈极显著正相关(r=0.319,p<0.01)。水华期这三类微微型浮游生物对浮游植物总碳生物量的贡献很低。纤毛虫和鞭毛虫捕食可能是导致聚球藻和微微型真核浮游生物在水华期生物量降低的主要原因。     

Exploring the dynamics of agricultural climatic resource utilization of spring maize over the past 50 years in Northeast China

Exploring the dynamics of the utilization of agricultural climatic resources (i.e., environmental factors that affect crop productivity such as light, temperature, and water) can provide a theoretical basis for modifying agricultural practices and distributions of agricultural production in the future. Northeast China is one of the major agricultural production areas in China and also an obvious region of climatic warming. We were motivated to analyze the utilization dynamics of agricultural climatic resource during spring maize cultivation from 1961 to 2010 in Northeast China. To understand these dynamics, we used the daily data from 101 meteorological stations in Northeast China between 1961 and 2010. The demands on agricultural climatic resources in Northeast China imposed by the cultivation of spring maize were combined and agricultural climatic suitability theory was applied. The growth period of spring maize was further detailedly divided into four stages: germination to emergence, emergence to jointing, jointing to tasseling, and tasseling to maturity. The average resource utilization index was established to evaluate the effects. Over the past five decades, Northeast China experienced increases in daily average temperature of 0.246 °C every decade during the growing season (May–September). At the same time, strong fluctuating decreases were observed in average total precipitation of 8.936 mm every decade and an average sunshine hour of 0.122 h every decade. Significant temporal and spatial changes occurred in K from 1961 to 2010. The K showed decreasing trends in Liaoning province and increasing trends in Jilin and especially in Heilongjiang province, which increased by 0.11. Spatial differences were visible in different periods, and the most obvious increase was found in the period 2001–2010. The areas with high values of K shifted northeastward over the past 50 years, indicating more efficient use of agricultural climatic resources in Northeast China.     

Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District,Beijing

As the rapid growth of population and social economy, the situation of water resources shortage in Beijing city becomes more and more serious. Karst groundwater in Beijing has great potential for development. The reasonable exploitation of karst groundwater can enhance the water-supply stability of Beijing city. Firstly, the distribution of springs has been investigated in Fangshan, Beijing, and the characteristics of these springs have also been analyzed. Secondly, the hydrogeological conceptual model has been built, based on this, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model was established, and the parameter identification and validation of the model were performed under groundwater level and spring discharge. The results shows that the simulated values of groundwater level and spring discharge are very close to measured values, and the model can be used for groundwater resources evaluation and spring discharge prediction. Finally, a reasonable exploitation design has been developed with three exploitation scenarios considering the spring discharge protection; meanwhile, the quantity of groundwater resources was evaluated in the karst aquifer. The simulation results indicate that different exploitation yields have a significant impact on spring discharge; and the effective measures should be taken to protect the spring discharge     

绿洲灌区小麦水分生产率及其影响因素的灰色关联分析

以黑河流域的洪水河灌区为例,利用1995—2006年的灌溉用水量、农作物产量、气象等资料,分析计算了绿洲灌区的小麦水分生产率。结果表明,1995—2000年小麦水分生产率为0.983 kg\5m-3,节水改造项目实施后的2001—2006年为1.070 kg\5m-3,提高了8.9%。水分生产率是衡量农业生产水平和农业用水科学性与合理性的综合指标,其影响因素比较多。根据洪水河灌区小麦生长发育期的实际情况,选取了11个影响因素进行灰色关联分析,结果显示,≥10 ℃积温、农药费用、劳动力和管理费用、化肥施用量、水费依次是影响水分生产率的前5位主要因素。研究表明,在有限的水资源利用条件下,绿洲灌区小麦生产应加大生产资料、劳动力和管理费用等的投入力度,才能生产更多的粮食,以确保区域粮食供给安全。     

气候变暖对石家庄春季物候的影响

利用统计方法分析了1965-2007年石家庄春季物候特征,研究了春季物候期与日平均气温稳定通过指示温度日期之间的关系,探讨了气候变暖对石家庄春季物候的影响。结果表明：石家庄春季物候期呈提前趋势;物候期与日平均气温稳定通过指示温度日期的关系是正相关,即日平均气温稳定通过指示温度的日期提早,则物候期提前,反之则物候期推迟;早春、仲春物候与2-4月气温相关性最大,晚春物候与春季气温相关性最大,春季物候对温度的响应不同;春季物候发生转折的时期与气温突变（或转折）的时期同步或紧随其后;春季物候异常偏晚年主要分布在20世纪90年代之前,异常偏早年主要分布在90年代之后,物候异常偏早年通常是气候异常偏暖年,物候异常偏晚年不一定是气候异常偏冷年,但通常是气候异常度为负值的年份。