济南市区泉域地下水时空分布规律及污染物运移特性研究

泉水作为济南市的城市名片,具有重要的经济和社会价值,把握泉域内突发污染质泄漏对其产生的影响至关重要。本文概化建立了济南市的水文地质概念模型,利用地下水非稳定流数值模型对济南市区泉群附近范围的地下水进行了分析研究,得到了济南市区泉域内地下水的时空分布规律及污染物运移特性。在此基础上,分析某新建项目污染质泄漏对地下水环境产生的影响,通过设置不同的横纵向弥散度对污染物运移特性进行探究。结果表明,在泉群附近区域内,污染物纵向运移过程中对流起主要作用,纵向弥散度的取值影响较小; 而污染物横向运移过程中弥散起主要作用,横向弥散度的取值影响较大。本研究成果对泉群附近的地下水环境保护及地下水污染防控具有重要借鉴意义。     

基于Struts＋Spring＋Hibernate框架的系统设计与实现——以江苏省地质资料馆网站为例

介绍了Struts、Sping 和Hibernate(SSH)3种开源框架的轻量级J2EE 架构,并基于此开发框架设计和实现了江苏省地质资料馆网站.该网站功能齐全、结构清晰,具有良好的交互性、可扩展性和可维护性,表现出稳定的性能,并取得了良好绩效.     

Geochemical survey of Slovenian bottled waters

The geochemistry of the major components and trace elements in Slovenian bottled water available on the market in 2004 and 2008 was studied. The waters were predominantly from the Radenska and Rogaška Slatina mineral water source region. In this paper, a comparison of two data sets from two time periods was performed based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov independent two-sample test. The bottled waters in the data sets were in agreement with drinking water and mineral water standards. Discrepancies were only present for B and Ni in highly mineralised waters. Analyses of the labels on the bottle packaging showed that the analytical results were in general agreement with the values reported on the labels. At the same time, the values reported on the labels by the producers showed that the chemical compositions of products available on the market for longer time periods vary. Slovenian bottled waters are predominantly controlled by a CaCO₃–CO₂–H₂O system where Na, Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ are present as the major components, in different combinations.     

Composition and variation of major and trace elements in Croatian bottled waters

Within the framework of the Pan-European project about the geochemistry of bottled mineral waters in Europe launched in 2007 by the European Geological Surveys (EGS) Geochemistry Expert Group fourteen brands of bottled natural waters from Croatia of both mineral and spring types were evaluated for getting more coherent spatial information about the natural variation of element concentration in bottled waters found at the European market. Results of chemical analysis show that not a single one out of fourteen analyzed bottled waters from Croatia exceeds the Croatian water standards sanctioning thereby their suitability for human consumption. Also, statistical tests performed for 41 analytes (including pH and EC) clearly show that the water chemistry is in a high degree of conformity with regional geology, depending on structural, stratigraphic and, above all, lithological diversity of aquifers. Thus Dinaric and Pannonian parts of Croatia differ largely with regard to their water types: Dinaric region is completely lacking mineral water types while, on the other side, in the Pannonian region even the spring waters show stronger mineralization in comparison with their Dinaric counterparts. Typically, all natural waters from Croatia bear the bicarbonate (HCO₃) signature. However, Ca–Mg cation pair combination is characteristic of spring waters while Na–K dominates in the mineral waters.     

济南泉水特征及影响因素系统分析

济南泉水的形成与地形、地层、地质构造和水文地质条件密切相关，自然因素和人为因素是影响泉水动态的主要原因。特别是不甚合理的开采布局和过量开采是造成泉水断流的主要原因。     

春季长江中下游旱涝的环流特征及对前期海温异常的响应

春季长江中下游降水有显着的年际、年代际变化特征,进入21世纪以来长江中下游春季降水偏少现象频繁发生.根据中国国家气候中心160站月平均降水资料和美国国家环境预报中心/国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)月平均再分析资料,重点探讨春季(3-5月)长江中下游地区降水异常的环流特征、可能成因、机理以及对外强迫的响应.春季长江中下游降水异常偏多(少)的环流主要特征是:高层200hPa风场上东亚副热带西风急流中心位置比气候态偏北(南);中层500hPa亚洲地区的阻塞高压主要发生在乌拉尔山(鄂霍次克海)附近、西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北(南);低层850hPa风场的东亚沿海地区为偏南(北)风距平,有利于(不利于)水汽向长江中下游地区输送.大气环流内部动力过程的分析指出:东亚地区上空Eliassen-Palm(EP)通量散度在40°N为正(负)异常、30°N为负(正)异常,有利于东亚高空西风急流中心位置偏北(南),从而导致春季长江中下游降水偏多(偏少).春季长江中下游降水异常偏多(少)年最显着的前期外强迫信号表现为赤道太平洋海温呈现厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)型.     

1981-2012年辽宁省春播期土壤相对湿度月尺度数据重建

辽宁省现有测站春播期土壤相对湿度数据存在不连续性及长时间序列缺失问题。以海城站为例,分析现有土壤相对湿度（0-20 cm）与气象因子及临近站点土壤相对湿度的相关关系,构建海城春播期土壤相对湿度统计回归模型,模拟缺测时段春播期土壤相对湿度。进而以此方法重建辽宁省20个观测站1981-2012年春播期土壤相对湿度月尺度数据。结果表明：海城土壤相对湿度与降水量和秋季封冻雨关联较大,相关系数分别超过0.60和0.30,与同期临近站点本溪站土壤相对湿度相关性也超过0.40,依据该3要素构建的4月和5月土壤相湿度统计回归模型复相关系数R2分别达0.79和0.77,模拟结果与实测资料平均相对误差为2.6 %,模拟效果较好;对辽宁省其他数据缺失站点构建的回归模型复相关系数均高于0.50,模型拟合精度优于85 %,拟合值和实测值平均相对误差基本控制在15 %以内,较好完成辽宁省20个测站1981-2012年春播期土壤相对湿度月尺度数据重建。     

CMIP5模式对春季北极涛动影响后期冬季ENSO不对称性的模拟能力分析

根据观测资料的研究指出春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)对随后冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)的影响具有明显不对称性。春季AO处于正位相时,它对随后冬季厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件的影响显著,然而春季AO负位相对随后冬季拉尼娜(La Nina)的影响不明显。本研究分析了30个来自CMIP5的耦合模式对春季AO与随后冬季ENSO不对称性关系的模拟能力。30个CMIP5耦合模式中,只有CNRM-CM5和GISS-E2-H-CC模式能较好地抓住春季AO与冬季ENSO的联系。进一步分析这两个模式中春季AO与冬季ENSO的不对称性关系,发现CNRM-CM5模式能较好地再现春季AO与冬季ENSO的非对称关系,即春季AO正(负)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋出现El Nino(La Nina)型海表温度增暖(冷却)。然而,GISS-E2-H-CC模式的模拟结果显示,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO的影响是对称的。本文随后解释了CNRM-CM5(GISS-E2-H-CC)模式能(不能)模拟出春季AO与冬季ENSO不对称关系的原因。对于CNRMCM5模式,在春季AO正位相年,副热带西北太平洋上空存在明显的异常气旋和正降水异常,正降水异常通过Gill型大气响应对赤道西太平洋异常西风的形成和维持起着重要作用,异常西风通过激发向东传播的暖赤道Kelvin波对随后冬季El Nino事件的发生产生显著的影响;然而,在春季AO负位相年,副热带北太平洋的异常反气旋和负降水异常较弱,导致赤道西太平洋的异常东风不明显,因此,春季AO负异常对随后冬季La Nina的影响不显著。所以,CNRM-CM5模式能够较好地抓住春季AO对随后冬季ENSO事件的非对称性影响。相比之下,对于GISS-E2-H-CC模式,春季AO正(负)位相年副热带西北太平洋上存在显著的正(负)降水异常,通过Gill型大气响应在赤道西太平洋激发出明显的异常西(东)风从而影响随后冬季的El Nino(La Nina)事件。因此,在GISS-E2-H-CC模式中,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO具有对称性影响。另外,模式捕捉春季AO对随后冬季ENSO非对称性影响的能力与模式对春季AO空间结构的模拟能力有一定的联系。     

富宁渭林金矿矿化富集规律

矿体受地层和构造双重控制,褐铁矿化、硅化构造角砾岩型金矿石,微细浸染状结构。低温汽水热液与浊积岩层中的钙质交代,运移至北西西向断层次级破碎带中富集成矿。     

Population dynamics of phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, and viruses during the spring bloom in the western subarctic Pacific

We characterized the community composition of phytoplankton in the western subarctic Pacific from the pre-bloom to the decline phase of the spring bloom with special reference to decreases in the silicic acid concentration in surface waters as an index for diatom bloom development. Furthermore, responses of heterotrophic bacteria and viruses to the spring bloom were also concomitantly investigated. Under pre-bloom conditions when nutrients were abundant but the surface mixed layer depth was relatively deep, chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations were consistently low and green algae (chlorophytes and prasinophytes), cryptophytes, and diatoms were predominant in the phytoplankton assemblages as estimated by algal pigment signatures. Together with the shallowing of the mixed layer depth and the decrease in silicic acid concentration, diatoms bloomed remarkably in the Oyashio region, though the magnitude of the bloom in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition (hereafter Transition) region was relatively small. A total of 77 diatom species were identified, with the bloom-forming diatoms mainly consisting of Thalassiosira, Chaetoceros, and Fragilariopsis species. It has become evident that the carotenoid fucoxanthin can serve as a strong indicator of the diatom carbon biomass during the spring diatom bloom. Differences in the species richness of diatoms among stations generally enabled us to separate the Oyashio bloom stations from the Transition and the Oyashio pre-bloom stations. Relatively high values of the Shannon-Wiener index for the diatom species were also maintained during the Oyashio bloom, indicating that a wide variety of species then shared dominance. In the decline phase of the Oyashio bloom when surface nutrient concentrations decreased, senescent diatom cells increased, as inferred from the levels of chlorophyllide a. Although the cell density of heterotrophic bacteria changed little with the development of the diatom bloom, viral abundance increased toward the end of the bloom, suggesting an increased likelihood of mortality among organisms including diatoms resulting from viral infection. This is the first report on the microbial trophodynamics, including viruses, during the spring diatom bloom in the western subarctic Pacific.