Morphology,sedimentary infill and depositional environments of the Early Quaternary North Sea Basin (56°–62°N)

The North Sea Basin has been subsiding during the Quaternary and contains hundreds of metres of fill. Seismic surveys (170 000 km²) provide new evidence on Early Quaternary sedimentation, from about 2.75 Ma to around the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary (0.78 Ma). We present an informal seismic stratigraphy for the Early Quaternary of the North Sea, and calculate sediment volumes for major units. Early Quaternary sediment thickness is > 1000 m in the northern basin and >700 m in the central basin (total about 40 000 km³). Northern North Sea basin-fill comprises several clinoform units, prograding westward over 60 000 km². Architecture of the central basin also comprises clinoforms, building from the southeast. To the west, an acoustically layered and mounded unit (Unit Z) was deposited. Remaining accommodation space was filled with fine-grained sediments of two Central Basin units. Above these units, an Upper Regional Unconformity-equivalent (URU) records a conformable surface with flat-lying units that indicate stronger direct glacial influence than on the sediments below. On the North Sea Plateau north of 59°N, the Upper Regional Unconformity (URU) is defined by a shift from westward to eastward dipping seismic reflectors, recording a major change in sedimentation, with the Shetland Platform becoming a significant source. A model of Early Quaternary sediment delivery to the North Sea shows sources from the Scandinavian ice sheet and major European rivers. Clinoforms prograding west in the northern North Sea Basin, representing glacigenic debris flows, indicate an ice sheet on the western Scandinavian margin. In the central basin, sediments are generally fine-grained, suggesting a distal fluvial or glacifluvial origin from European rivers. Ploughmarks also demonstrate that icebergs, derived from an ice sheet to the north, drifted into the central North Sea Basin. By contrast, sediments and glacial landforms above the URU provide evidence for the later presence of a grounded ice sheet.     

Experimental evaluation of reservoir quality in Mesozoic formations of the Perth Basin (Western Australia) by using a laboratory low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Accurate porosity and permeability evaluation of rock formations is critical to estimate the quality and resource potential of a reservoir. In addition to directly measure the porosity and pore size distribution, low field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is able to measure the effective porosity and estimate the in-situ formation permeability, though its robustness is arguable and requires calibrations on cores with specific lithologies.The Mesozoic formations of the central Perth Basin (Western Australia) host hot sedimentary aquifers and recently became key targets for geothermal heat extraction. A collection of cores was retrieved from three wells intersecting these units. The characterisation of their flow properties complements the current evaluation of the Perth Basin by adding new data on effective porosity, pore size distribution, pore geometry and calibration of predictive models for the permeability according to a comprehensive facies classification scheme.This study highlights the consistency of the NMR approach when compared to conventional helium injection method. Most favourable lithologies for well production correspond to very coarse to fine sandstones of fluvial channel fill with porosities >15% and permeabilities >>1 mD. Similarly, these facies exhibit (i) the highest effective porosities, (ii) the highest pore space to pore throat ratio, and (iii) the lowest contribution of clay bound water. These aspects confirm the importance of clay occurrence in the assessment of the flow efficiency of a formation.The Yarragadee Formation presents the best reservoir quality regarding its porosity and permeability, even though high discrepancies occur locally owing to the great variability of lithofacies encountered. The scattered values observed for the Lesueur Sandstone are likely to be due to the basin architecture and fault system which generate different mechanical compaction and secondary cementation. Given an adequate facies analysis, the NMR method represents a powerful tool to estimate the flow efficiency of a reservoir.     

The East Greenland Spill Jet as an important component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation

The recently discovered East Greenland Spill Jet is a bottom-intensified current on the upper continental slope south of Denmark Strait, transporting intermediate density water equatorward. Until now the Spill Jet has only been observed with limited summertime measurements from ships. Here we present the first year-round mooring observations demonstrating that the current is a ubiquitous feature with a volume transport similar to the well-known plume of Denmark Strait overflow water farther downslope. Using reverse particle tracking in a high-resolution numerical model, we investigate the upstream sources feeding the Spill Jet. Three main pathways are identified: particles flowing directly into the Spill Jet from the Denmark Strait sill; particles progressing southward on the East Greenland shelf that subsequently spill over the shelfbreak into the current; and ambient water from the Irminger Sea that gets entrained into the flow. The two Spill Jet pathways emanating from Denmark Strait are newly resolved, and long-term hydrographic data from the strait verifies that dense water is present far onto the Greenland shelf. Additional measurements near the southern tip of Greenland suggest that the Spill Jet ultimately merges with the deep portion of the shelfbreak current, originally thought to be a lateral circulation associated with the sub-polar gyre. Our study thus reveals a previously unrecognized significant component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation that needs to be considered to understand fully the ocean׳s role in climate.     

Phytoplankton community structures in shelf and oceanic waters off southeast Brazil (20°–25°S), as determined by pigment signatures

The influences of the hydrological features and environmental conditions in the phytoplankton community found in the Campos Basin area in the Atlantic Ocean (20° to 25°S; 42° to 38°W) were studied using HPLC/CHEMTAX pigment analysis. Samples were collected at 72 stations distributed along the 25–3000 m isobaths at two depths during two seasonal periods (rainy and dry). Seven taxonomic groups of phytoplankton were detected (diatoms, dinoflagellates, prasinophytes, cryptophytes, haptophytes, pelagophytes and cyanobacteria). Redundancy analysis showed that the spatial and temporal patterns observed in the distribution of the phytoplanktonic groups were primarily related to variations in the availability of light and nutrients. Nutrient variations were caused by South Atlantic Central Water seasonal intrusions over the continental shelf region. Cyanobacteria predominated in the rainy season, while diatoms, Haptophyceae and Prasinophyceae, were associated with higher nutrient availability in the dry season. In the inner shelf region, diatoms dominated and were associated with increased conditions of turbulence and nutrient availability. Haptophytes and prasinophytes were predominant on the outer shelf and shelf-break regions associated with high nutrient concentrations and availability of light. Prochlorococcus was related to oceanic waters (in both dry and rainy periods) or to low nutrient/strongly stratified shelf waters (rainy period). In contrast, Synechococcus was widely distributed in both the shelf and oceanic regions. Variation in the quality of light between coastal and oceanic waters was probably responsible for the distributions observed. Through HPLC/CHEMTAX pigment analysis we have developed a detailed picture of the influence of hydrological regime on the dynamics of the phytoplankton community in an under-studied shelf/ocean system in the tropical southern Atlantic Ocean.     

长江流域大洪水有序网络结构及其预测研究

根据1827年以来的统计资料进行分析,长江流域大洪水展示出极为显著的有序性.运用翁文波信息预测理论,构建长江大洪水二维平面和三维立体信息有序网络结构并进行综合分析和预测,结果表明：2014、2020、2030、2036、2051与2058年前后的汛期,长江流域将有可能发生大洪水.     

New Discovery of Oligocene Gastropod Opercula from the Yehucheng Formation in Northwestern China

Fourteen species of nonmarine gastropod opercula are found to be in high abundance in the Oligocene upper member of the Yehucheng Formation,Lanzhou Basin,northwest China.They are attributed to two families,namely Bithyniidae and Assimineidae,and four genera,namely Pseudemmericia,Bithynia,Mirolaminatus and Assiminea.Among them,three species are new,and they are Bithynia paramonolithic sp.nov.,B.obliquus sp.nov.,and B.disregularis sp.nov.Some of these species were first discovered in Paleogene strata of the vast Northwest China and can be compared with the opercula recovered from the Paleogene deposits in East and South China.It is inferred from the paleontology and sediment associations that the climate was slightly humid and the fauna probably inhabited the fresh or brackish water of a shallow lake in the Lanzhou Basin during the late early Oligocene period.     

显著经验正交函数分析及其在淮河流域暴雨研究中的应用

经验正交函数分解（EOF）是气候特征研究中常用的分析方法,但由于方法本身的原因,EOF 主要模态不一定都能有效揭示资料场包含的气候模态。利用中国基本站和基准站1950—2009年逐日降水资料,运用显著经验正交函数分解（Disˉ tinct EOF,DEOF）方法研究了淮河流域暴雨的统计特征。结果表明 DEOF 第1模态呈现了淮河流域暴雨量在南北方向上存在相反的变化,即流域中部、南部偏多（偏少）时,北部则偏少（偏多）,第1主成分具有显著的16—17 a 周期性变化,表明流域南北的旱涝变化存在年代际振荡;第2模态表现了淮河流域中部暴雨量的异常变化,第2主成分有明显的线性趋势,说明近50年来流域中部地区暴雨量有明显的上升趋势,并且在1990年前后由偏少转为偏多。对比 DEOF 和 EOF 的分析结果,发现DEOF 能排除资料场中与随机扩散模型相关性较高的空间特征,能抓住与随机扩散模型有显著差异的分布特征并凸出显示出来,能从较强的背景噪声中凸出物理信号,因而能更好地估计真实的气候模态。     

低孔低渗储层渗透率测井解释模型研究

采用岩心分析数据与测井曲线相结合的方法,引入泥质含量参数配合声波时差进行多元线性回归分析。建立鄂尔多斯盆地研究区低孔低渗储层渗透率测井解释模型。根据泥质含量特征二次分类后进行多元线性回归,建立两个渗透率测井解释模型相关性良好,对应于研究区两种不同的沉积微相特征;测井解释渗透率与岩心实测渗透率匹配良好,解释模型满足研究区精度要求。在沉积微相背景约束条件下,对研究区储层选择合理参数多元线性回归建立渗透率测井解释模型,可以使低孔低渗储层渗透率解释达到良好应用效果。     

民勤盆地地下水开发利用红线指标研究

通过对红崖山下泄流量和民勤绿洲地下水资料的收集整理,在地下水均衡原理的基础上,用系统分析法分析了地表水、地下水与开采量的关系规律,建立地下水开采总量和水位双约束控制的地下水开发利用红线管理指标,提出利用民勤降水量考核盆下地水资源控制的刚性水位指标,为有关部门利用和管理地下水资源和制定经济社会可持续发展提供有益探索。     

苏北盆地中—古生界海相烃源岩发育规律及其意义

苏北盆地与南黄海盆地属于同一构造单元,苏北盆地的烃源岩发育规律的研究对南黄海油气勘探具有重要启示意义。在野外地质研究和69个烃源岩实测数据的基础上,结合已有分析化验数据及油气勘探资料,对苏北盆地的中—古生界海相烃源岩厚度分布和地球化学特征进行了分析,结果表明烃源岩整体沿北东向展布,在中—古生界均存在多个烃源岩发育中心,并明显有向南黄海海域延伸的趋势;下古生界普遍比上古生界的热演化程度高,并具有区域不均一性,二叠系的热演化程度相对较低,存在二次生烃的潜力。苏北盆地在中—古生界海相地层烃源岩特征的研究,进一步揭示了南黄海盆地具有良好的油气勘探潜力。