内蒙古突泉盆地突参1井原油地球化学特征与油源分析

在内蒙古突泉盆地牤牛海坳陷南部突参1井的1684.5~1698.2m深度段侏罗系万宝组发现轻质原油,揭示了该区较好的油气勘探新领域。对该井原油和主要烃源岩分子地球化学特征、族组分稳定C同位素等进行了分析认为,该原油为轻质高蜡原油,C31升藿烷、C29甾烷异构化等成熟度参数显示该原油为成熟原油。正构烷烃呈单峰前峰型,姥鲛烷较植烷占绝对优势(Pr/Ph2.5),C29规则甾烷含量远高于C27甾烷,伽马蜡烷含量低,表明该原油生烃母质形成于以陆源高等植物为主的偏氧化沉积环境,原油来自该区侏罗系万宝组煤系泥岩。     

珠江流域碳酸盐岩与硅酸盐岩风化对大气CO_2汇的效应

对珠江流域11个测站的河水1个水文年4次取样进行水化学和同位素测试分析,揭示无论是碳酸盐岩区还是硅酸盐岩区,岩石风化均使河流的离子成分以HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+为主,碳酸盐岩风化溶蚀速率和由碳酸盐岩风化溶蚀引起的大气CO2消耗量分别为27.60 mm/ka和540.21x103mol/(km2·a-1),是硅酸盐岩风化速率和由硅酸盐岩风化引起的大气CO2消耗量的10.8倍和6.7倍,说明碳酸盐岩风化是流域碳汇过程及效应的主体。由于有利的水热条件和高的碳酸盐岩面积比例,珠江流域平均岩石风化速率和由岩石风化作用引起的大气CO2消耗量分别为30.15mm/ka和620.36×103mol/(km2·a-1),为全球60条河流平均值的2.6倍。     

柴北缘尕秀雅平东和红柳沟北镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其找矿意义

位于柴达木地块北缘构造带内欧龙布鲁克微陆块东缘的2个镁铁-超镁铁质岩体——含Cu-Ni的尕秀雅平东岩体和含Ti-Fe的红柳沟北岩体,前者的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为408.0±1.5Ma,属早泥盆世;后者的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为418.3±2.8Ma,属晚志留世。区域地质资料研究表明,东昆仑地区、柴北缘在晚志留世—晚泥盆世处于后造山伸展阶段,尕秀雅平东岩体和红柳沟北岩体正是拉张环境下幔源岩浆活动的产物。在东昆仑地区、柴北缘发现的铜镍矿床和铜镍矿点(除夏日哈木有争议外)基本都形成于晚志留世—晚泥盆世。结合区域成矿年代学研究,认为晚志留世—晚泥盆世期间,东昆仑造山带和祁连造山带之间的柴达木地块、欧龙布鲁克微陆块,以及位于这两大造山带内部的微型古陆块区,是形成岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床和钛铁氧化物矿床的有利环境。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000413

Braid-delta depositional systems are widely developed in most continental basins in China. Research indicates that, for different types of braid delta, the facies sequence and association, which are cr...     

Kinematics of syn-tectonic unconformities and implications for the tectonic evolution of the Hala'alat Mountains at the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin,Central Asian Orogenic Belt

The Hala’alat Mountains are located at the transition between the West Junggar and the Junggar Basin.In this area,rocks are Carboniferous,with younger strata above them that have been identified through well data and high-resolution 3D seismic profiles.Among these strata,seven unconformities are observed and distributed at the bases of:the Permian Jiamuhe Formation,the Permian Fengcheng Formation,the Triassic Baikouquan Formation,the Jurassic Badaowan Formation,the Jurassic Xishanyao Formation,the Cretaceous Tugulu Group and the Paleogene.On the basis of balanced sections,these unconformities are determined to have been formed by erosion of uplifts or rotated fault blocks primarily during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.In conjunction with the currently understood tectonic background of the surrounding areas,the following conclusions are proposed:the unconformities at the bases of the Permian Jiamuhe and Fengcheng formations are most likely related to the subduction and closure of the Junggar Ocean during the late Carboniferous-early Permian;the unconformities at the bases of the Triassic Baikouquan and Jurassic Badaowan formations are closely related to the late Permian-Triassic Durbut sinistral slip fault;the unconformities at the bases of the middle Jurassic Xishanyao Formation and Cretaceous Tugulu Group may be related to reactivation of the Durbut dextral slip fault in the late Jurassic-early Cretaceous,and the unconformity that gives rise to the widely observed absence of the upper Cretaceous in the northern Junggar Basin may be closely related to large scale uplift.All of these geological phenomena indicate that the West Junggar was not calm in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic and that it experienced at least four periods of tectonic movement.     

长江上游安宁河流域植被生长变化对气候条件的响应

为探讨安宁河流域植被演变趋势及其与气候的相互作用,基于2001—2008年MODIS图像、降水量和气温数据,采用回归分析和相关分析等方法计算了安宁河流域降水、气温和归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)在时间和空间上的变化情况,并对安宁河流域植被生长变化对气候条件的响应机制进行了探讨。结果表明:NDVI变化和气温、降水呈正相关;降水量和气温等气候因子的变动会直接反映在植被长势上,其中降水对安宁河流域植被生长的影响更为显著;植被长势与气温和降水存在一定的时间滞后性。     

Mediterranean cities under fire. A critical approach to the wildland–urban interface

Wildfires are widely reviewed as key inputs to Mediterranean ecosystems. However, research is often flawed by major biases. (1) The approach adopted by most planners focusing on forest fires dismisses the human dimension of fire as a component of agricultural production systems. (2) The Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) concept postulates that cities and wildlands/wildfires are, and should remain, worlds apart, a statement whose truth is increasingly questioned by recent disastrous “urban wildfires”. (3) The Mediterranean Basin as a fire-prone area is all the more fantasized, as it is almost never studied as a whole.The present paper takes a critical view of city–wildland/wildfire interrelationships through a large-scale study of the Mediterranean Basin based on MODIS MCD12Q1 (Land Cover Type) and MCD45A1 (Burned Area Product) data collected between 2001 and 2013. The Mediterranean is an ideal place to investigate, as its human-dominated and urbanized landscapes are known to be extremely vulnerable to fire hazards. Data processing reveals that (wild)fires and cities maintain indissoluble ties, as if both elements could not be considered mutually exclusive on a geographical basis. Urban sprawl, reduced rural autonomies, changes in forest covers, old agricultural practices, and military conflicts provide the framework for an extended mitigation process challenging the WUI concept as a space divider.     

Geochemistry of the Eocene Jijuntun Formation oil shale in the Fushun Basin,northeast China: Implications for source-area weathering,provenance and tectonic setting

Within the fault-bound Fushun Basin of northeastern China, the Eocene Jijuntun Formation hosts extensive deposits of thick lacustrine oil shale. Systematic sampling and geochemical analysis of these deposits has revealed that the parent rocks of the oil shale underwent moderate chemical weathering; and that its mineralogy and trace and rare earth element geochemistry were mainly controlled by parent rock composition, with no synsedimentary changes in the source terrain. Based on source rock and tectonic setting discrimination diagrams, we concluded that the parent rocks of the oil shale were mostly basalts of the Paleogene Laohutai Formation. These basalts originated in a continental back arc environment and contain abundant nutrient elements such as Fe, P, Ni, Cu and Zn, all of which are essential for the growth of aquatic photoautotrophs in lakes. Continuous, high primary productivity in the Jinjuntun lacustrine depocentre, combined with a stable tectonic setting and underfilled sedimentary environment, were key factors in the genesis of its oil shale.     

Geochemical constraints on the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to magmagenesis in the Lau back-arc basin,SW Pacific

Seamounts are an integral part of element recycling in global subduction zones. The published trace element and Pb-Sr-Nd isotope data for basaltic lavas from three key segments (Central Lau Spreading Ridge (CLSR), Eastern Lau Spreading Ridge (ELSR), and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR)) of the Lau back-arc basin were compiled to evaluate the contribution of Louisville seamount materials to their magma genesis. Two geochemical transitions, separating three provinces with distinct geochemical characteristics independent of ridge segmentation, were identified based on abrupt geochemical shifts. The origin of the geochemical transitions was determined to be the result of drastic compositional changes of subduction components added into the mantle source, rather than the transition from Indian to Pacific mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle, or due to variable mantle fertilities. The most likely explanation for the drastic shifts in subduction input is the superimposition of Louisville materials on ‘normal’ subduction components consisting predominantly of aqueous fluids liberated from the down-going altered oceanic crust and minor pelagic sediment melts. Quantitative estimation reveals that Louisville materials contributed 0–74% and 21–83% of the Th budget, respectively, to CLSR and VFR lavas, but had no definite contribution to the lavas from the ELSR, which lies farthest away from the subducted Louisville seamount chain (LSC). The spatial association of the subducted LSC with the Louisville-affected segments suggests that the Louisville signature is regionally but not locally available in the Tonga subduction zone. Besides, the preferential melting of subducted old Cretaceous LSC crust instead of the old normal Pacific oceanic crust at similar depths implies that elevated temperature across the subduction interface or seamount erosion and rupture were required to trigger melting. A wider implication of this study, thus, is that seamount subduction may promote efficiency of element recycling in subduction zones.     

Old Chico’s new tricks: Neoliberalization and water sector reform in Brazil’s São Francisco River Basin

This article examines changing water governance modalities in the context of the neoliberalization of nature. Specifically, it focuses on Brazilian water sector reforms passed in 1997 that mandate decentralized and participatory decision-making at the river basin scale. Critics have suggested that rescaling, decentralization, and participatory governance mechanisms – supposedly intended to render decision-making more equitable, accessible, and relevant – can serve to legitimate, facilitate, and thus further embed processes of neoliberalization. Examining the impact of Brazil’s water sector reforms on the state–society relationship, this article presents a case study of water governance in the São Francisco River Basin and finds that the reforms – despite their neoliberalizing potential – have not significantly contributed to the neoliberalization of governance therein. Instead, water governance continues to be characterized by longstanding patterns of traditional elite control. Through an institutional and socio-natural analysis, this article describes and accounts for the continued dominance of these patterns relative to neoliberalization and explores activists’ efforts to use water sector reforms to pursue more progressive possibilities. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications for variegation and contestation in ongoing debates over neoliberal natures.