准噶尔盆地腹部车—莫古隆起中段头屯河组存在证据及其研究意义

准噶尔盆地腹部中晚侏罗世发育的车-莫古隆起形成诸多类型的地层圈闭,是油气运移的长期有利指向区,研究区目的层段(J/K不整合面附近)是否存在头屯河组对本区勘探很有意义.基于单井岩性电性组合特征、古生物、粘土矿物、地层接触关系等方面的资料,发现车-莫古隆起中段白垩系底界面下普遍发育的红层段是头屯河组的特征标志层,具有头屯河组特有的Classopollis-Quadraeculina-Piceaepollenites孢粉组合,粘土矿物组合上具有富含伊利石、不含或含少量高岭石的特征而区别于较富含伊利石、高岭石的下部层段,连井地层对比及地震剖面标定也表明车-莫古隆起中段存在较薄层头屯河组分布的平台区.这一新认识对本区圈闭评价和成藏条件评价等有指导作用.     

冀北滦平—辽西凌源地区张家口组火山岩顶、底的单颗粒锆石U-Pb测年及意义

辽西凌源附近地区张家口组(J₃z)火山岩及以前的中生代地层以北东东向构造为主,而义县组(K₁y)沉积-火山岩以北北东向构造为主,张家口组与义县组之间为角度不整合接触.新的LAICPMS的单颗粒锆石UPb的测年结果表明,辽西凌源地区张家口组的底界年龄为132Ma,顶界年龄为129.5~130Ma; 冀北滦平地区张家口组的底界年龄为136Ma,顶界年龄为135Ma.经综合分析,得出以下的初步结论: (1)冀北滦平与辽西凌源地区的张家口组是可比的; 同时,说明了冀北滦平地区到辽西凌源地区的张家口组火山岩有明显的随时间迁移的特点.(2)凌源地区张家口组的顶界与义县组的底界有约5~6Ma的时间间隔,从年代学上证明了凌源附近地区张家口组与义县组之间为角度不整合接触的可靠性.暗示了该5~6Ma的间隔期是冀北—辽西附近地区中生代构造格架转换的主要时期,该时期也正是我国东北地区中生代岩浆作用的鼎盛时期; 暗示了该时期岩浆作用的动力学背景应与构造格架的转换有直接的联系; 同时在冀北—辽西地区,该间隔期之后发生了热河动物群的大爆发,说明该时期也是一个重要的生物界限.(3)从年代学方面厘定了冀北滦平的大北沟组在时代上应相当于张家口组的上部层位,而不是广义义县组的底部层位.      

Multiple controls on the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian marine black shales in the Sichuan Basin,SW China: Geochemical and organic carbon isotopic evidence

In order to understand the paleoenvironment of the Early Cambrian black shale deposition in the western part of the Yangtze Block, geochemical and organic carbon isotopic studies have been performed on two wells that have drilled through the Qiongzhusi Formation in the central and southeastern parts of Sichuan Basin. It shows that the lowest part of the Qiongzhusi Formation has high TOC abundance, while the middle and upper parts display relative low TOC content. Redox-sensitive element (Mo) and trace elemental redox indices (e.g., Ni/Co, V/Cr, U/Th and V/(V + Ni)) suggest that the high-TOC layers were deposited under anoxic conditions, whereas the low-TOC layers under relatively dysoxic/oxic conditions. The relationship of the enrichment factors of Mo and U further shows a transition from suboxic low-TOC layers to euxinic high-TOC layers. On the basis of the Mo-TOC relationship, the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales were deposited in a basin under moderately restricted conditions. Organic carbon isotopes display temporal variations in the Qiongzhusi Formation, with a positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part and a continuous positive shift in the middle and upper parts. All these geochemical and isotopic criteria indicate a paleoenvironmental change from bottom anoxic to middle and upper dysoxic/oxic conditions for the Qiongzhusi Formation black shales. The correlation of organic carbon isotopic data for the Lower Cambrian black shales in different regions of the Yangtze Block shows consistent positive excursion of δ¹³C_org values in the lower part for each section. This excursion can be ascribed to the widespread Early Cambrian transgression in the Yangtze Block, under which black shales were deposited.     

渤海古近系东营组三角洲相油田地质特征研究

渤海古近系东营组三角洲相油田是渤海油田的主力含油层系.从构造、储层与沉积、流体和油藏等方面对渤海海域东营组三角洲相油田地质特征进行了研究,按河流三角洲和辫状河三角洲相砂岩油藏两种沉积相类型分别对储层分布特征进行了描述.在此基础上探讨了此类油田的流体分布特点和油藏模式,并认为渤海东营组三角洲相油田以中到大型为主,储层岩性大都属于高孔高渗的疏松砂岩,储层具有分布较稳定、油层厚和物性好等特点,原油以普通稠油为主,其次是中、低黏油.     

Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific

The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO₂ and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06 kg m⁻³, and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20°N between potential densities 27.06-27.40 kg m⁻³. CFC-12 inventories are 16.0×10⁶ moles for SAMW and 8.7×10⁶ moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.3±2.1 Sv for SAMW and 5.8±1.7 Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.4±0.6 Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.7±2.2 Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW.     

北仑港区宁波组晚大理冰期气候特征

以往认为宁波组沉积时期的古气候为寒冷干燥或冷凉干燥。本文依据北仑B_(12)孔的孢粉资料,阐明在这一冷期中曾有一次相对较暖的气候波动,据此又可分冷凉—温和—温凉三个阶段,湿度以略湿为主。此外,还讨论了本区在晚大理冰期温度、湿度的变化特点。     

珠江口盆地惠州凹陷迁移型层序特征及其意义

迁移型层序是陆相湖盆中一种特殊的层序构型,但是其特征以及主控因素尚不清楚.通过对珠江口盆地惠州凹陷文昌组层序地层学研究,发现下文昌组三级层序PSQ1~PSQ4主要发育在凹陷南部,上文昌组三级层序PSQ5~PSQ7主要发育在凹陷北部;三级层序PSQ1~PSQ7逐渐由南东向北西发生跨洼陷迁移.这种迁移型层序是由幕式构造活动差异性造成的,在裂陷IA幕,惠州凹陷南部控凹断裂活动强度大,发育以下文昌组为主的T型层序构型;在裂陷IB幕,北部断裂活动加强,南部的断裂活动减弱,造成沉积、沉降中心迁移到惠州凹陷北部,发育以上文昌组为主的H型层序构型.迁移型层序及其控制下的砂体和烃源岩在侧向迁移、叠加过程中,更利于生、储、盖等油气成藏要素的有效配置,形成多区块、多层段油气藏组合.      

四川盆地震旦系灯影组葡萄状白云岩成因

四川盆地震旦系灯影组发育巨厚的白云岩,其中灯影组二段和四段发育大量具有各种形态的葡萄状白云岩,其直径最长可达75cm,有的平行于层面,有的穿层。剖面资料表明,葡萄状白云岩发育多期等厚环边胶结物,中部残留大量未充填的不规则洞穴,这成为与岩溶喀斯特作用相关的地下溶蚀作用的证据。围岩泥晶白云石为早期海水中原生结晶的产物,后来的胶结物可划分为4期: (1)自泥晶化白云石(部分样品中可见)作为最早的一期胶结物,由于各种生物化学作用和生物作用的影响而紧贴着围岩发育;(2)第2期胶结物纤维状白云石可能为海水中直接沉淀的产物,经历后期成岩作用后,具有完全有序的结构,晶胞参数接近理想值;(3)细—中晶白云石为第3期胶结物,包含纤维状白云石溶蚀残余,形成于构造抬升之后的近地表大气淡水环境;(4)第4期胶结物中—粗晶白云石为埋藏环境下直接结晶的产物,充填了孔洞中心,残留部分未充填孔洞。灯影组受到了岩溶喀斯特作用、胶结作用以及白云石化作用等成岩作用的影响,其中与葡萄状白云岩有关的岩溶喀斯特作用对于灯影组储集层的发育至关重要。对灯影组葡萄状白云岩的研究,不仅有助于深入探讨灯影组储集层成因和演化及灯影组白云岩的成因,而且有助于指导四川盆地前寒武系油气勘探。     

测井曲线在地层基准面旋回划分中的应用

利用视电阻率测井曲线的周期性对渤南海油田沙三段中上部地层进行地层基准面旋回的划分对比后发现：该旋回界面与地层基准面由上升到下降期间可容纳空间单向增加的极限位置基本一致；地层基准面旋回的划分与测井分析结合可以进行储层。特别是高渗透储层预测。     

马里亚纳弧前区锥形海山岩石学及成因

锥形海山是马里亚纳弧前区非火山成因的海山。它是由俯冲的太平洋板块对仰冲板块的上推作用,地壳下的上地幔物质底辟侵入的结果。海山顶部的岩石是由蛇纹石化超镁铁质方辉橄榄岩组成。其主要矿物成分为斜方辉石、橄榄石、尖晶石、磁铁矿、蛇纹石和碳酸盐。手标本呈显晶质块状构造,薄片中呈粒状、残留状、筛网状及斑状变晶结构。岩石化学特征表现为:低Si和Al,高M/F值,含水,亏损了所有过渡金属。岩石的成因属超基性岩浆直接结晶,后经海水的参入,在热液作用下普遍发生蛇纹石化和碳酸盐化。