广元三堆镇康家沟剖面寒武系地层及沉积特征

丹凤群分布于天水市南部,向东延入陕西凤县。通过原岩恢复,其下部层位的岩石以变玄武岩为主,夹安山岩、石英岩、大理岩,中部为变石英砂岩夹玄武岩、薄—微层状石英岩夹安山岩、英安岩,上部为玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、石英砂岩、大理岩夹流纹岩及硅质条带。火山岩为碱性—拉斑系列,锶同位素初始比值低,地球化学特征与岛弧玄武岩的地球化学模型相似。通过对丹凤群火山岩地质特征、岩石组合、岩石地球化学特征的综合分析,认为丹凤群的沉积环境,处于当时的秦岭古陆南侧的古大洋岛弧。     

Association of phosphate with rhyolite glass in marine Neogene tuffs from Patagonia,Argentina

The precipitation/replacement of Ca‐phosphate is a complex process that commonly takes place during the early diagenesis in marine sediments. The unusual occurrence of shallow marine, early diagenetic phosphatic deposits associated with glassy tuffs in the Neogene Gaiman Formation, in the Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina, constitutes a good case example for the study of replacement and precipitation of Ca‐phosphate on an unstable substrate. Isocon diagrams illustrate that chemical changes during glass diagenesis include gains in loss on ignition and Ca, and losses of K. These changes are the result of glass hydration during sea water–glass interaction, together with adsorption and diffusion of ions into the bulk shard; combined, these represent an incipient process of volcanic glass replacement by Ca‐phosphate. Subsequent early diagenetic P enrichment in the pore solutions led to phosphate precipitation, associated with pitting on the glass shards and pumice. The associated development of a reactive surface promoted the incorporation of P and Ca into their margins. Lastly, precipitation of calcium phosphate filled the vesicles and other open cavities, inhibiting further glass dissolution. The high porosity and reactivity of the volcanic glass provided an appropriate substrate for phosphate precipitation, leading to the development of authigenic apatite concretions in the volcanic‐glass bearing strata of the Gaiman Formation. This research is of significance for those concerned with marine phosphatic deposits and sheds light on the processes of early diagenetic phosphate precipitation by replacement of an atypical, unstable substrate like hydrated volcanic glass.     

海拉尔盆地乌南次凹南屯组层序格架及沉积体系研究

以层序地层学、坡折带分析理论为指导,通过对岩心、测井、录井、地震以及分析化验等资料的综合研究,建立了海拉尔盆地乌南次凹南屯组层序地层格架。将南屯组划分为 2 个三级层序和 8 个四级层序,并在层序格架内进行沉积体系和沉积相划分研究,确定该区主要发育近岸水下扇、扇三角洲、湖底扇和湖泊沉积等 4 种沉积体系。近岸水下扇主要分布在乌南次凹西部陡坡带,扇三角洲分布在东部缓坡带,湖底扇主要分布在中心的深湖相中,而湖泊沉积主要分布在凹陷的中心及近岸水下扇、扇三角洲的侧翼。从乌南次凹西部断阶带到凹陷中心,沉积相由近岸水下扇逐渐变为深湖--半深湖沉积,乌南次凹东部缓坡带到中心,沉积相由扇三角洲沉积逐渐变为滨浅湖、深湖--半深湖沉积,整体呈南北分异、东西成带的格局。不同时期的沉积特征、沉积相展布表现各异,总体表现出水体由浅变深,再变浅,沉积范围逐渐扩大的特点。     

塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克剖面下丘里塔格组层序地层及其油气勘探意义

塔里木盆地晚寒武世台地沉积区发育大量的白云岩,其中蕴涵着大量白云岩储层。以柯坪地区肖尔布拉克剖面为例,首次提出了以地层单层厚度为划分依据划分层序地层的方法,结合岩石学分析结果,确定了肖尔布拉克剖面寒武系下丘里塔格组白云岩的层序地层四分方案,塔中地震资料表明该四分方案可能适用于塔里木盆地整个西部台地区。根据肖尔布拉克剖面下丘里塔格组白云岩的岩石学分析,埋藏岩溶作用产生的溶蚀空间为该白云岩段的主要储集空间,因此可将下丘里塔格组白云岩储层定义为"埋藏岩溶型白云岩储层",该储层发育位置与层序界面有密切关系,一般沿层序界面之下发育。根据上寒武统白云岩的层序地层四分方案,与层序地层对储层的控制作用,提出了塔里木盆地西部台地区上寒武统"埋藏岩溶型复式白云岩储层"概念,并给予了阐释。     

新疆中库鲁克塔格地区震旦系扎摩克提组沉积特征

扎摩克提组位于中库鲁克塔格震旦系上统底部,由砂岩、粉砂岩和泥页岩构成韵律武沉积,为不完整的玛鲍序列.砂岩层底面普遍发育槽模等底痕.有些砂岩呈纹层状,并有滑动构造和包卷层理等.构成砂岩的碎屑颗粒分选性差.根据粒度分布概率图、C-M图和碳、氧、硫等稳定同位素及Sr/Ba比值、硼含量等显示,该组形成于淡化海槽中.     

胜利油田车镇凹陷沙河街组二、三段沉积相

车镇凹陷古近系沙河街组三段上亚段—二段下亚段是较为典型的深断陷型三级层序。层序的发育主要受控于幕式断陷作用,可进一步划分出低位体系域、湖侵体系域和高位体系域。通过岩心观察、薄片镜下鉴定、粒度分析、古生物及遗迹化石分析,并综合利用测井曲线和地震相特征,认为该时期主要发育有扇三角洲、三角洲、近岸水下扇、湖底扇、滨浅湖滩坝等骨架砂体相,以及滨浅湖、半深湖—深湖等沉积相及其亚相。综合考虑物源特征、沉积环境、沉积体系平面展布以及生、储、盖组合关系,认为有利的沉积相带主要是三角洲、扇三角洲前缘、湖底扇、近岸水下扇的中扇和外扇以及滨浅湖中发育的滩坝和砂坝。     

贵州台江五河剖面灯影组顶部微体动物化石

贵州台江灯影组白云岩中发现了30～70μm的锥形微体动物化石,它们具有典型的锥管状、似几丁质壳壁和平行纤维结构等生物结构,可能分属软体动物Carinachitids、Arthrochites、Punctatus、Spondylotubus和似几丁虫类化石等5种类型。其中建立了一新属、种Spondylotubus taijiangensis Yang(gen.etsp.nov.)。在灯影组白云岩中这一类群的发现对研究前寒武纪寒武纪界线附近生物的多样性和生物地层,以及寒武纪生物大爆发都具有一定的科学意义。     

Provenance System Analysis of the Nantun Formation of the Huhehu Sag in Hailar Basin

Huhehu Sag is a new battlefield for the future oil and gas exploration in the Hailar Basin. At present, exploration of this area stays at a low level and the understanding of the provenance system of the Nantun Formation is comparatively weak. So, to carry out the detailed depiction of the provenance system in the study area is significant for the sedimentary system reconstruction, for the prediction of reservoir distribution and favorable areas. Based on comprehensive analysis of paleogeomorphy, light-heavy mineral and seismic reflection features, sandstone thickness and sandstone percentage, this paper analyzes in detail the provenance system of the Nantun Formation in Huhehu Sag from various angles and levels. It shows that provenances of the Huhehu Sag mainly originated from the eastern Xilinbeier Salient and western Bayan Mountain Uplift. The provenances surrounding the lake basin converged to the center of the basin, among which, the steep slope belt and the gentle slope belt are the main provenances, and the southern uplift is a secondary one. The distribution framework of the provenance fundamentally determines the distribution rules of the depositional system and its sand body developing during the Nantun period.     

四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究

四川盆地长兴组生物礁油气藏是国内外该类型油气藏的一个典型代表。在前人主要针对川东北地区提出台地边缘是生物礁发育有利部位的基础上,从盆地更广的尺度,结合国内外已有实例,着重从基底断裂角度,分析了其对生物礁发育的影响与控制作用。结果表明,盆地内长兴组发育有大量NE和NW向深大断裂,地层、岩相和构造证据均反映这些断裂在晚二叠世处于正断活动期,并形成了台—槽相间和台内棋盘格状堑垒构造格局。基底正断活动通过对古地理的影响来实现对生物礁的控制,生物礁受张性正断层上升盘"断隆"控制,分布于基底断裂古上升盘断阶处,如环海槽的台地边缘和台地内部断垒周缘。因此,除已获得重大突破的"环海槽礁滩气藏富气带"外,在台地内部靠基底断裂带附近,礁滩也可能发育,可作为今后油气勘探重点考虑的对象。这一研究新认识有助于拓展区域油气勘探思路,并为生物礁型油气成藏理论研究提供新的参考信息。     

滇西施甸地区二叠纪卧牛寺组大陆溢流玄武岩的发现

施甸地区的卧牛寺组玄武岩分布广泛。通过近年的野外工作,发现施甸地区的卧牛寺组玄武岩中缺乏沉积夹层,其岩石学特征和地球化学特征均与峨眉山玄武岩相似,具有大陆溢流相喷发的特点。