依兰盆地达连河组油页岩沉积特征及分布规律

依兰盆地为伸展作用下形成的半地堑式断陷盆地,油页岩发育于古近系达连河组中。油页岩与煤层伴生,分布在煤层顶部,是最主要的含矿层位。它形成于湖泊体系与沼泽体系,主要发育在水进体系域与高水位体系域中。其中,高水位体系域即上煤层顶板存在油页岩密集段,使得盆地油页岩资源潜力大幅度提高。达连河矿区是油页岩富集成矿的中心区带,东西向断裂控制着达连河组油页岩矿层的埋深以及展布成矿过程。     

Nuclear field shift in natural environments

The nuclear field shift (NFS) is an isotope shift in atomic energy levels caused by a combination of differences in nuclear size and shape and electron densities at the nucleus. The effect of NFS in isotope fractionation was theoretically established by Bigeleisen in 1996 [Bigeleisen J. (1996) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:3676–3680] and has been analytically measured in laboratory chemical exchange reactions. More recently, some isotopic variations of heavy elements (Hg, Tl, U) measured in natural systems as well as isotopic anomalies measured for lower-mass elements in meteorites have been attributed to the NFS effect. These isotopic variations open up new and exciting fields of investigations in Earth sciences. In this paper, we review the different natural systems in which NFS has been proposed to be the origin of isotopic variations.     

碳酸盐岩油气藏缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法研究——以塔里木盆地轮古11井区为例

对于已进入开发中后期的碳酸盐岩缝洞型油气藏,进行缝洞单元精细研究非常重要。盲目部署加密井,很容易导致因为所在单元的储量已被动用而失利。本文采用的碳酸盐岩缝洞单元多学科综合划分方法是:在有井控制的地区,首先分析井间连通性,然后结合生产动态、常规解析试井、流体性质、数值试井等多学科资料确定缝洞单元边界;在无井控制的地区,影响连通性最重要的主控因素是储层本身的相互连通性,其次才是断裂和裂缝,这时可在连通性约束下进行储层和裂缝预测,并以此为主要依据确定缝洞单元边界。对塔里木盆地轮古油气田轮古11井区划分出80个缝洞单元,其中有55个为储量未动用单元(潜力单元),并部署了一些加密井,已钻的XW1井获得了成功,投产初期日产油95t,不含水。     

松原市区域基底构造特征及演化分析

松辽盆地是大型中－新生代陆相沉积盆地，具民上坳双重结构，基底形态继承了海西期近ＥＷ向构造面貌，基底断裂控制了盆地ＮＥ向展布，总体上形成了北东向分带、南北向分区的柳和局。     

“白烟型”热液喷流岩研究进展

现代和地质历史中的海底、湖底的“黑烟囱型”热液活动及相关成岩、成矿和古生物活动已成为当今多学科的研究热点,而与“白烟型”热液喷流岩相关的研究相对薄弱.在阅读大量国内外文献基础上,结合实际的研究工作,回顾了热液喷流岩的研究历史及现状,重点介绍了作为标志性低温型热液矿物白云岩成因方面的进展,认为新疆三塘湖地区的二叠系芦草沟组“白烟型”热液喷流沉积的白云岩是“原生白云岩”的典型样本.现有资料表明已经报道的“白烟型”热液喷流岩发育层位(酒西盆地下沟组与三塘湖盆地芦草沟组)是所在地区的重要生烃层系,据此讨论了如下值得关注的问题:①热液活动及其伴生的嗜热细菌生物及食物链的特殊环境,使有机质得以富集,为油气生成提供了物质基础;②幔源物质的加入很可能带来了幔源烃类;③热液活动可使沉积盆地地温总体升高,加速烃源岩的快速成熟.最后对该领域的研究提出了问题和建议.     

The Advance of Petrologic Mechanism of Dehydration Embrittlement in Intermediate-depth Earthquakes

The mechanisms of intermediate depth earthquakes were always attracting extensive researches of interest. Among various hypotheses about the mechanisms, the close relationship between the dehydration embrittlement and earthquakes is generally accepted. The intermediate-depth earthquakes in subducting slabs occur mainly in two distinct layers, corresponding with the dehydration respectively in the hydrous meta-basalts and the serpentinite layers. In the past decades, theory researches, interpretations of seismic data and laboratory experiments have been widely adopted as the major approaches to attest the hypothesis of dehydration embrittlement. However, in the latest ten years, pseudotachylytes and some brittle structures have been discovered in paleo-subduction zones like Alps, shedding a light for a new way to study intermediate-depth earthquakes.     

苏北平原区浅层地温能可开采资源量评价方法

随着地源热泵技术的推广应用,浅层地温能作为新型可再生资源得到了重视,对浅层地温能的资源评价业已展开。目前,从浅层地温能赋存地区的地质特点出发,分析其资源可开采量的研究尚不多见。重点介绍了浅层地温能可开采资源量的常规评价方法,并针对苏北平原区的地质特点,分析了在苏北平原区的具体地质特征下不同评价方法的适用性,得出了地下水式地源热泵可开采资源量的适宜评价方法为地下水量折算法;地埋管式地源热泵可开采资源量的适宜评价方法为换热量现场测试法;通过对本地区的工程案例分析,验证了上述2种方法在苏北平原区浅层地温能可开采资源量评价中能取得较高的精度。     

The persistence and character of stranded oil on coarse-sediment beaches

Small amounts of oil that can persist for decades in the intertidal zone of coarse-sediment beaches have been documented in a few well-studied cases. Oil that survives attenuation over the short-term (weeks to months) will persist until there is a change in the environmental conditions, as might occur where there is a seasonal storm-wave climate or as a beach undergoes long-term (erosional) changes. Oil residues can persist on the beach surface as tar mats, asphalt-like pavements, or as veneers on sediment particles or hard surfaces. Subsurface oil residues can persist in similar forms or as fill or partial fill of the pore spaces between coarse-sediment particles. Oil penetrates until it reaches fine-grained sediment, the water table, bedrock, or other penetration-limiting layers. Amounts of persistent oil are very small fractions of the volumes that were originally stranded and these protected residues can continue to biodegrade as they become thinner and more discontinuous.     

Assessment of chemical dispersant effectiveness in a wave tank under regular non-breaking and breaking wave conditions

Current chemical dispersant effectiveness tests for product selection are commonly performed with bench-scale testing apparatus. However, for the assessment of oil dispersant effectiveness under real sea state conditions, test protocols are required to have hydrodynamic conditions closer to the natural environment, including transport and dilution effects. To achieve this goal, Fisheries and Oceans Canada and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) designed and constructed a wave tank system to study chemical dispersant effectiveness under controlled mixing energy conditions (regular non-breaking, spilling breaking, and plunging breaking waves). Quantification of oil dispersant effectiveness was based on observed changes in dispersed oil concentrations and oil-droplet size distribution. The study results quantitatively demonstrated that total dispersed oil concentration and breakup kinetics of oil droplets in the water column were strongly dependent on the presence of chemical dispersants and the influence of breaking waves. These data on the effectiveness of dispersants as a function of sea state will have significant implications in the drafting of future operational guidelines for dispersant use at sea.     

Wind and freshwater influence over hydrocarbon dispersal on Patos Lagoon, Brazil

The two-dimensional barotropic, hydrodynamic and transport model MOHID is applied to the Patos Lagoon system using a nested modelling approach to reproduce both the lagoon and estuary hydrodynamics. A new Lagrangian oil spill model is presented and used to simulate a hypothetical oil spill in the estuary. Hydrodynamic fields are validated and used to force the oil model. Results show that the hydrodynamics of this system is mainly controlled by the wind and freshwater discharge. The dispersion, concentration and thickness evolution of the oil in the first day after the spill is determined by the equilibrium between these two factors. The freshwater discharge is the major factor controlling the oil dispersion for discharges greater than 5000 m3 while the wind assumes control for lower discharge amounts. The results presented are a first step toward a coastal management tool for the Patos Lagoon.