盆山结构与油气分布——以四川盆地为例

根据四川盆地与周缘造山带地貌学、深浅部结构构造及动力学机制等, 其盆山结构可分为板缘(龙门山、米仓山和大巴山)突变型和板内(齐岳山、大娄山和大凉山)渐变型两类。板缘突变型盆山结构具有显著深部结构差异性,浅部构造具典型冲断带(山)和前陆盆地(盆)二元结构,其盆山耦合关系主要受控于深部结构的差异性和造山带的形成演化过程,现今山盆地貌反差大,地形坡度陡,盆山边界明晰。板内渐变型盆山结构, 则深部结构特征相似,浅部构造具挤压-坳陷结构、不发育大规模冲断推覆,现今山盆地貌反差小、盆山边界不清, 盆山为渐变过渡关系,其盆山耦合关系主要受控于邻区(盆外)的构造变形和盆内沉积盖层中多层次滑脱作用。不同盆山结构主要通过对现今四川盆地保存条件的影响而控制现今油气分布。四川盆地现今(残存)大中型油气藏和天然气探明储量的大部分主要分布于突变型盆山结构区,尤其是秦岭构造变形控制域。     

碳酸盐岩成岩相研究方法及其应用——以扬子地块北缘飞仙关组鲕滩储层为例

成岩相是研究成岩作用展布的重要方法和途径,其与沉积相不同,反映岩石在一定的成岩环境下发生的各种成岩作用的综合表现。在详细的成岩作用和成岩环境研究的基础上,划分了扬子地块北缘地区飞仙关组8类成岩相、7类成岩亚相,总结了各类成岩相(亚相)的识别标志,探索了成岩相与沉积相、测井相、地震相的关系,探索了成岩相在点、线、面上的分布,预测了有利成岩相区展布,取得了良好效果。形成了一套有效的成岩相研究方法,并将成岩相研究成果应用到勘探实践,具有较好的推广价值。     

实验模拟碳酸盐岩储层包裹体对油气充注的响应

设计了一系列不同油水比（3/7,5/5,7/39,/1）的实验,以冰洲石为主矿物合成了烃类包裹体,为探讨碳酸盐岩烃类流体包裹体的形成机制提供了一条有效途径。镜下观察及显微荧光分析发现：样品中合成的包裹体沿裂隙分布,表明微裂隙愈合过程中捕获包裹体,烃类和盐水包裹体既同时出现在同一裂隙中,又有分带出现的情况。样品中合成的烃...     

祁连山夏季地形云综合探测试验

2006年和2007年夏季在祁连山冷龙岭西段开展了地形云云量、云状、大气水汽、风场、雨滴谱和雨强等的综合探测试验,以分析祁连山地形云的特征。结果表明：①祁连山区夏季云量丰富,平均云量在6成以上。西南气流天气背景下总云量多达8成;②祁连山夏季无降水日大气水汽非常少,700 hPa以上层大气相对湿度大多在20%以下;③西南气流背景下祁连山南北侧山谷风的共同作用,气流昼间向山顶辐合,夜间向山谷辐散,当水汽条件充足时,极易抬升形成可以产生降水的地形云;④祁连山降水主要由小于1 mm的雨滴组成。     

黄海中华哲水蚤C5发育期油脂积累初步研究

根据9个黄海调查航次的数据,研究了黄海中华哲水蚤C5发育期油脂积累的区域、季节变化,并探讨了中华哲水蚤油脂积累对其生理、生活史的可能作用。在黄海近岸海域,中华哲水蚤C5期油囊体积常年较小;而在陆架海域则表现出明显的季节差异。在陆架区,C5期的油囊体积与度夏过程联系密切：最大油囊体积（可占前体部体积的30%以上）出现于度...     

世界主要深水含油气盆地烃源岩特征

对墨西哥湾、巴西东部大陆边缘、西非被动大陆边缘、澳大利亚西北陆架、挪威中部陆架、南海等六个地区的22个深水含油气盆地烃源岩特征(主力烃源岩形成的时代、构造背景、沉积环境、类型、地球学化指标等)的综合研究结果表明,世界深水含油气盆地主力烃源岩主要集中在白垩系,其次为第三系和侏罗系;裂谷期烃源岩占绝对优势,其次为被动陆缘期...     

Oil-oil and oil-source rock correlations in the Alpine Foreland Basin of Austria: Insights from biomarker and stable carbon isotope studies

The Alpine Foreland Basin is a minor oil and moderate gas province in central Europe. In the Austrian part of the Alpine Foreland Basin, oil and minor thermal gas are thought to be predominantly sourced from Lower Oligocene horizons (Schöneck and Eggerding formations). The source rocks are immature where the oil fields are located and enter the oil window at ca. 4 km depth beneath the Alpine nappes indicating long-distance lateral migration. Most important reservoirs are Upper Cretaceous and Eocene basal sandstones.Stable carbon isotope and biomarker ratios of oils from different reservoirs indicate compositional trends in W-E direction which reflect differences in source, depositional environment (facies), and maturity of potential source rocks. Thermal maturity parameters from oils of different fields are only in the western part consistent with northward displacement of immature oils by subsequently generated oils. In the eastern part of the basin different migration pathways must be assumed. The trend in S/(S + R) isomerisation of ααα-C₂₉ steranes versus the αββ (20R)/ααα (20R) C₂₉ steranes ratio from oil samples can be explained by differences in thermal maturation without involving long-distance migration. The results argue for hydrocarbon migration through highly permeable carrier beds or open faults rather than relatively short migration distances from the source. The lateral distance of oil fields to the position of mature source rocks beneath the Alpine nappes in the south suggests minimum migration distances between less than 20 km and more than 50 km.Biomarker compositions of the oils suggest Oligocene shaly to marly successions (i.e. Schoeneck, Dynow, and Eggerding formations) as potential source rocks, taking into account their immature character. Best matches are obtained between the oils and units a/b (marly shale) and c (black shale) of the “normal” Schöneck Formation, as well as with the so-called “Oberhofen Facies”. Results from open system pyrolysis-gas chromatography of potential source rocks indicate slightly higher sulphur content of the resulting pyrolysate from unit b. The enhanced dibenzothiophene/phenanthrene ratios of oils from the western part of the basin would be consistent with a higher contribution of unit b to hydrocarbon expulsion in this area. Differences in the relative contribution of sedimentary units to oil generation are inherited from thickness variations of respective units in the overthrusted sediments. The observed trend towards lighter δ¹³C values of hydrocarbon fractions from oil fields in a W-E direction are consistent with lower δ¹³C values of organic matter in unit c.     

An installation system of deepwater risers by an S-lay vessel

Along with the consumption increase of the petroleum products,more countries have transferred their attentions to the offshore fields,especially the deepwater oil and gas reserves.For deepwater exploitation,the risers must be installed to act as the conduits connecting surface platforms to subsea facilities.In this paper,the typical risers sorted by different classes are introduced,and the correspondent installation methods are presented.By investigating the recent projects performed in the deepwater hot spots,and combining the challenges of HYSY201 for riser installation,a lifting device developed for assisting riser installation is proposed and detailed to satisfy the installation of deepwater risers in the LW3-1 Gas Field of in the South China Sea.Tests on both the functions and performances of such a new system exhibit the satisfaction of meeting all challenging requirements of HYSY201 for application to riser installation in waters up to a depth of in the South China Sea.     

Field measurement and scaled-down wind-tunnel model measurement of airflow field over a barchan dune

Airflow is measured over a barchan dune in the field and over a scaled-down model in a wind tunnel. The change of the flow speed over the stoss side is represented by the change of speed-up ratio. According to the field measurement, the wind profiles within 0-3m above the stoss can be divided into two segments. The lower segment, about 0.66 m thick, is the inner-boundary layer, within which the friction velocities derived from the wind profiles increase from the upwind inter-dune region to the upper stoss, and then decrease near the dune top. This change, together with the changes of airflow field, speed-up ratio and sand flux, is related to the morphological change and contributes to the stable shape and height of a barchan dune. In the wind tunnel, airflow varies in a similar way as in the field, with the speed-up ratios constantly higher than 1.0 and increasing along the stoss slope. While the segmentation of wind profiles also occurs in the wind tunnel, friction velocities derived from the wind profiles decrease along the stoss, indicating a very thin inner-boundary layer above the wind tunnel model where the detailed wind-speed change becomes difficult to measure using the present instruments.     

依兰盆地达连河组油页岩沉积特征及分布规律

依兰盆地为伸展作用下形成的半地堑式断陷盆地,油页岩发育于古近系达连河组中。油页岩与煤层伴生,分布在煤层顶部,是最主要的含矿层位。它形成于湖泊体系与沼泽体系,主要发育在水进体系域与高水位体系域中。其中,高水位体系域即上煤层顶板存在油页岩密集段,使得盆地油页岩资源潜力大幅度提高。达连河矿区是油页岩富集成矿的中心区带,东西向断裂控制着达连河组油页岩矿层的埋深以及展布成矿过程。