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31.
The strain developed due to creep is mainly proportional to the logarithm of the time under load, and is mostly proportional
to the stress and temperature. At higher temperature the creep rate falls slowly with respect to time, and the creep strain
is proportional to a fractional power of time, with the exponent increasing as the temperature increases and reaching a value
approximately one-third at temperatures of about 0.5°C. At these temperatures, the creep increases with stress according to
a power greater than unity and possibly exponentially. It increases with temperature as (−U/kT), where U is an activation energy and k is Boltzman’s constant. There are different methods to determine the creep strain and the energy of Jog (B) including experimental
methods, multivariate regression analysis, and by numerical simulation. These methods are less cumbersome and time consuming.
In the present investigation, artificial neural network technique has been used for prediction of the creep strain and energy
of Jog (B). Two different networks have been tested and validated. Both the networks have four input neurons and one hidden
layer with five neurons, and one output neuron. The data for different rocks at temperatures up to 750°C under conditions
of compressive or tortional stress are taken from the literatures. The training and testing data sets used were 163 and 14,
respectively. To deal with the problem of overfitting of data, Bayesian regulation has been used and network is trained with
suitable training epochs. The coefficients of correlation among the predicted and observed values are found high and they
improve the confidence of the users. The mean absolute percentage error obtained are also very low. 相似文献
32.
GRAPES(Globe and Regional Assimilation and Prediction System)变分系统能够同化常规资料和非常规卫星资料,这些被同化的资料究竟对同化系统得到的分析场有何影响,目前国内外尚未见相关的研究文献。为此,首次采用基于信息熵信号自由度思想,诊断风云三号B星(FY3B)红外分光计(Infrared Atmospheric Sounder,IRAS)资料对GRAPES分析场的影响。诊断过程中,采用数值逼近方法,统计2012年12月24日18时到2013年1月22日00时共114个时次IRAS资料对GRAPES分析场影响,结果表明,IRAS中高层通道亮温资料对GRAPES分析场影响比地表通道20观测亮温的影响大,地表通道8和9观测亮温对分析场影响较大。前24个GRAPES变分同化时次每个时次IRAS通道亮温对分析场影响的贡献率分析结果显示,高层通道和H_2O通道贡献率较大。个例分析结果表明,在同化探空资料基础上加入IRAS资料后,温度和湿度增量场变化幅度较大,表明IRAS资料对分析场有降温和增湿作用。 相似文献
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自2007年以来, 黄海海域每年的5月初~8月中下旬浒苔(Ulva prolifera)会周期性地暴发与消亡,导致海洋生态环境被破坏以及经济损失。利用2014 年的HJ-1A/1B遥感影像, 利用神经网络监督分类及RULE规则影像重分类动态阈值法, 对2014年的浒苔的漂移路径、各时期影响的海域面积、分布面积以及暴发高峰期的最大面积进行了动态监测。结果表明, 2014年浒苔持续时间为101 d, 5月中旬开始在江苏省盐城市近海出现零星斑点, 分布面积为2.299 km2, 影响面积为1 744.799 km2; 6月初到6月中旬浒苔广泛分布于黄海海域, 分布面积扩大至1 367.145 km2, 达到当年的峰值; 从6月下旬开始, 浒苔进入衰退期, 浒苔分布面积、相对聚集密度均急剧缩小, 但影响面积的峰值出现在该时期; 8月初消亡于青岛附近海岸, 8月20日遥感影像已难以监测到浒苔的存在。2014年黄海海域浒苔经过了“出现—发展—暴发—衰退—消亡”5个发展阶段。 相似文献
35.
Generalised observations of wave characteristics on near‐horizontal shore platforms: Synthesis of six case studies from the North Island,New Zealand
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Most field studies of wave processes on shore platforms in front of eroding cliffs focus on a single site, revealing aspects of wave dynamics at that location. Here, we analyse data from six platforms around northeastern New Zealand and describe the fundamental control of shore platform width, gradient and elevation on wave processes, including greater attenuation of short‐period waves at lower tidal stages and increases in longer period wave energy towards the cliff toe. These data suggest that empirical formulae developed from coral‐reef environments provide better predictions of wave height on platforms than formulae currently used in shore platform models. 相似文献
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37.
The B/Ca ratio of planktonic foraminifer shells has been used as a proxy for reconstructing past ocean carbonate chemistry. However, recent studies have revealed significant uncertainties associated with this proxy, such as whether seawater temperature or [ CO_3~(2-)] is the dominant control on the partition coefficient(K_D) of planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca. To address these uncertainties and thus improve our understanding of the planktonic foraminiferal B/Ca proxy, we analysed B/Ca ratios in the tests of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei(300–355 μm) and Pulleniatina obliquiloculata(355–400 μm) in surface sediment samples from the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea. The relationship between these B/Ca ratios and bottom water calcite saturation states(Δ[ CO_3~(2-)]) is weak, thus suggesting only a small dissolution effect on the B/Ca of the two species. The correlation coefficients(R~2) between the B/Ca ratios of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and environmental parameters(e.g., temperature, salinity, phosphate, DIC and ALK) in the tropical western Pacific and South China Sea are not high enough to justify using B/Ca ratios as a palaeoenvironmental proxy in the study areas. The significant correlation between K_D values of N. dutertrei and P. obliquiloculata and carbonate system parameters(e.g.,[ CO_3~(2-)], DIC, ALK, pH and [ HCO_3~-]) in the study area reflect chemical links between the K_D denominator and these variables. Based on our surface sediment calibration, an empirical relationship between the K_D of N.dutertrei and temperature is proposed in the tropical western Pacific. We also generated a record of B/Ca ratios in N. dutertrei(300–355 μm) from Core MD06-3052 in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka to evaluate the application of the revised B/Ca proxy method. Based on the reconstructed empirical relationship for B/Ca and subsurface seawater ALK, we estimated subsurface seawater carbonate system parameters in the tropical western Pacific since 24 ka. In general, the estimated subsurface seawater pH and [ CO_3~(2-)] show an increase with time, and the record of subsurface seawater pCO_2 shows a decrease with time, in the tropical western Pacific over the past 24 ka. The consistent trends in subsurface seawater pCO_2 and opal flux during deglaciation may imply that the reported increase in subsurface water pCO_2 in the study area was promoted by enhanced upwelling in the Southern Ocean. 相似文献
38.
洪涝灾害是我国最严重的气象灾害之一,及时准确的洪灾监测是防灾减灾的重要前期工作和基础。本文利用sentinel-1B雷达数据,以黑瞎子岛为研究区,联合使用OSTU阈值分割法和随机森林面向对象分类法针对像素统计单波形、双波形、多波形SAR影像提取洪水要素,实现对洪灾淹没面积的时序监测,为灾情监测提供数据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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40.