Impact of flood events on macrobenthic community structure on an intertidal flat developing in the Ohta River Estuary

We investigated the effects of river floods on the macrobenthic community of the intertidal flat in the Ohta River Estuary, Japan, from 2005 to 2010. Sediment erosion by flood events ranged from about 2–3 cm to 12 cm, and the salinity dropped to 0‰ even during low-intensity flood events. Cluster analysis of the macrobenthic population showed that the community structure was controlled by the physical disturbance, decreased salinity, or both. The opportunistic polychaete Capitella sp. was the most dominant species in all clusters, and populations of the long-lived polychaete Ceratonereis erythraeensis increased in years with stable flow and almost disappeared in years with intense flooding. The bivalve Musculista senhousia was also an important opportunistic species that formed mats in summer of the stable years and influenced the structure of the macrobenthic community. Our results demonstrate the substantial effects of flood events on the macrobenthic community structure.     

扁铲侧胀试验判别液化的研究和实践

通过对扁铲侧胀试验判别液化的研究和实践，提出了在上海地区采用扁铲侧胀试验判别液化的公式，扁铲侧胀试验判别液化与标准贯入和静力触探试验判别液化的方法对比，具有相对较好的结果，是一种有前途的液化判别方法。     

北京房山花岗闪长岩体及其附近现今应力状态分析

由本区实测原地应力资料分析认为,总体呈北东走向的八宝山、黄庄-高丽营断裂带总体活动性质为顺时针扭动。断裂带不同地段的实测应力状态各具的特征,不同于京津唐地区实测主压应力的主导方向。运用弹性理论的应力叠加原理计算出断层附近的附加应力状态,则显示了总体呈北东走向的断裂带存在张性反扭活动分量,大灰厂和牛口峪地段断层也存在同样特征。认为自唐山大震后,本区应力状态仍处于调整阶段。测得的较深部位的应力状态也似乎受到了构造活动的影响     

修正的莫尔-库仑理论的解析和验证

根据主应力可分解为静水应力和偏应力,以及它们在应力莫尔圆和变形方面的相关性,推导出修正的莫尔-库仑理论的数学表达式。从理论上解决了库仑理论和莫尔理论存在的许多缺陷,特别是中间主应力对材料抗剪强度的影响。它的四参数准则的计算结果与一些混凝土的试验数据相当吻合。     

汶川8.0级地震环境剪应力特征研究

基于甘肃强震固定台和流动观测记录的汶川8.0级地震主震及余震加速度资料,选用三分向记录均完整的87次地震(震级范围为3.0~8.0级),根据用位错理论二维断裂模式推导的震源峰值加速度与环境剪应力关系式计算汶川地震序列的环境剪应力值,探讨其环境剪应力场特征。结果表明,环境剪应力和矩震级有较好的相关性,3~5级地震对应的应力值多在3~6 MPa,5~6级多在6~9 MPa,6~7级多在9MPa以上,且环境剪应力对震源深度也有较强的依赖性。     

裂纹端部的力学研究

本文计算并讨论了忽视旋转的传统理论所不能给出的裂纹端部场与场源的相互作用，首先利用弹性力学方法计算了共线裂纹组端部的应力场及位移场，然后应用旋转理论给出共线裂纹组端部的扭转力通解，对单裂纹和双裂纹情形做了重点讨论．     

Coastal Upwelling Activity on the Pacific Shelf of the Baja California Peninsula

High primary productivity on the Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula is usually related to coastal upwelling activity that injects nutrients into the euphotic zone in response to prevailing longshore winds (from the northwest to north). The upwelling process has maximum intensity from April to June, with the coastal upwelling index varying from 50 to 300 m³/s per 100 m of coastline. Along the entire coast of the peninsula, the upwelling intensity changes in accordance with local wind conditions and bottom topography. Spatial variability can also be modulated by the influence of mesoscale meanders of the California Current. We have identified the seasonal and synoptic variability of upwelling signatures on the Baja California shelf, using averaged monthly and weekly sea surface temperature (SST) distributions obtained from remote sensing imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer in the period from 1996 to 2001. Analysis of SST distribution and direct experimental data on temperature and nutrient concentration shows that the areas with the coldest SST anomalies were closely related to the bottom slope, shelf width, and coastline orientation relating to wind direction. We also assume that the nutrient transport into the coastal lagoons may be forced by the coupling of coastal upwelling and tidal pumping of surface waters into the lagoon system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

地震构造活动的模拟试验

本在活动构造考察及研究的基础上，采用先进的精密仪器仪表，在模拟试验中自控制监测构造活动情况，深入研究地震前后的断裂运行特征及其与地震的关系，这对圈定地震危险区和判定可能发生强震的破裂段，为国民经济建设提供可靠的依据，对逐步实现地震预报，最大限度地减轻地震灾害，均具有重要实际的意义     

不同倾角多层节理深部岩体开挖变形破坏规律模型试验研究

深部资源开发中地下洞室围岩稳定控制必须面对峰后碎裂岩体的变形和破坏问题,目前深部多裂隙岩体开挖强卸荷引起的围岩变形破坏规律尚不清楚,常导致大体积塌方、大变形等重大工程事故。采用大尺度三维模型相似试验系统,分析具有不同倾角的多层节理的岩体在高地应力下开挖变形破坏规律。试验结果表明：裂隙倾角较小时,隧道上、下侧围岩主要发生大变形,左、右侧围岩呈现分层破裂现象,随着裂隙倾角增大,破裂区从洞室左、右两侧逐渐扩展到洞室全周,顶部岩体越容易发生大体积滑塌;隧道围岩由内向外应力和位移值呈波动状分布;洞周塑性区范围随裂隙倾角增大而增大,裂隙倾角越大,洞周塑性区越容易与洞室上、下侧裂隙面连通。该研究为保障深部工程的安全修建与运营提供了试验基础。     

白鹤滩水库蓄水前后邻区地震活动与应力场变化特征

水库诱发地震是水利水电工程和区域构造稳定性研究的重要内容.白鹤滩水库位于金沙江下游河段,地处小江断裂、则木河断裂和大凉山断裂等多条大型断裂交汇区域,属于地震高烈度区.2021年4月6日白鹤滩水库开始蓄水,本文利用小江断裂带中北段巧家台阵2020年1月—2021年12月地震记录,确定了水库邻区11477个地震事件,采用广义极性振幅技术反演获得了1.5级以上地震震源机制解654个.对水库蓄水前后地震活动和震源机制解分布特征的分析表明：整体而言研究区地震活动时序与水库水位密切相关,水位抬升时地震活动增强,水位维持不变或回落时,地震活动减弱,白鹤滩水库蓄水约6个月后,地震数量基本恢复至蓄水前平均水平.沿水域线附近主断裂带区域,蓄水后地震活动显著增强,数量和震级增大,深度减小,蓄水前地震类型以走滑为主,蓄水后以正断层为主;主断裂带以外以及距离水域线较远的某些区域,蓄水后地震活动受到抑制.基于震源机制解,采用区域应力场阻尼反演方法计算获取了研究区应力场时空分布,结果显示主拉应力轴方向稳定,随时间波动很小,主压应力轴方向随时间波动较大,尤其位于大坝附近的主断裂带交汇区域,蓄水前应力场为走滑型,蓄水后应力场变为正断型.这些结果揭示了水库诱发地震活动和应力场改变的更多细节特征,可进一步为水库诱发地震危险性评估提供重要参考.