地震记录的广义分维及其应用

根据分形理论,对不同信噪比地震记录的分维特征进行了分析,指出地震记录中噪声背景与信号部分具有不同的分维尺度,地震道时间序列的分维数值与计算时所用的测量尺度有关,因此,可利用广义分维的概念计算地震记录的分数维.地震记录广义分维大大提高了分形算法在计算机自动识别地震波震相时的抗噪声能力.最后用本文方法对实际地震记录进行了有效的初至波自动拾取.     

自动站与人工观测气温的对比分析

根据2000年自动站和人工观测气温资料, 对两种气温序列进行了对比分析, 以了解仪器改变对观测数据产生的影响以及为换型后数据的连续使用提供科学依据。结果表明:除个别地区以外, 自动站与人工观测气温偏差都在允许范围之内或略超出允许范围, 季节性和地域性差异不大; 由于自动站温度传感器灵敏度高, 所以在日出日落、日气温最高和最低时与人工观测偏差较大; 自动站观测气温与历史序列无显著性差异。自动站可以用于业务, 但需进行一定时间的平行观测, 尤其在西北及高山站更为必要。     

再论祁连—北秦岭接合部位晚古生代前地层划分

依据造山带的大地构造环境、物质基础及形成时代、变质程度 ,并通过与祁连、北秦岭地层的对比 ,将祁连—北秦岭接合部位晚古生代前的地层划分为古元古界秦岭群、中元古界陇山群、震旦系—奥陶系的李子园群、葫芦河群、陈家河群 ,并建议将它们列入甘肃地层之中。     

The use of the automatic inclinometric system for landslide early warning: the case of Cabella Ligure (North-Western Italy)

Following the flood events occurred in the 1993 autumn, a landslide affecting the village of Montaldo di Cosola was reactivated. Montaldo di Cosola is a small village located in North-Western Italy, on the Appennines Mountains. Historical data report of at least another similar episode occurred about one century ago.The landslide takes place over debris deposits, which are about 20–35 m deep, produced by an ancient landslide event. Underneath these debris deposits there is an altered layer of the calcareous-marly substratum of the Antola formation. The landslide, almost certainly triggered by the incision of the torrent Rio Montaldo, has a probable rotational geometry and takes place through slow and progressive continuous movements. The landslide typology impedes a precise dimensional definition. Only the order of magnitude of the main scarp width, which is of hundreds of meters, and the order of magnitude of the landslide volume, which is of some hundreds of thousands of cubic meters, can be indicated.A complex monitoring network has been installed in the area. This network includes an automatic inclinometric system (AIS) that automatically performs measurements, twice a day, along the entire length of a pipe that is 45 m deep. Measurements are taken every 50 cm and are then broadcasted to a remote station located in Torino.After the exceptional meteorological events occurred in October 2000, the AIS measured significant movements that have not yet stopped. On the basis of these available data it has been possible to locate the sliding surface at a depth of about 13 m at the level of a sandy–silty layer with some clay lenses inside. The movements measurements performed so far reveal a good correlation with the rainfalls. In particular it has been possible to identify a time lag of about 8–9 days between the occurrence of a rainfall peak and the corresponding peak in the recorded movements that were produced by these rainfalls.     

成像光谱仪分光技术概览

论文介绍了多种成像光谱仪的分光技术。棱镜或光栅色散型成像光谱仪技术成熟，应用广泛；在发散光束中使用光栅的方法，克服了准直光束用法中的一些缺陷；傅里叶变换光谱仪是遥感探测可见和红外弱辐射的有力工具；光楔成橡光谱仪结构简单，随着渐变滤光片工艺技术的成熟，已走向实用化；采用可调谐滤光片的成像光谱仪由于滤光片水平的限制，投入应用还有待时日；采用二元光学元件的成像光谱仪结构紧凑，体积小，扫描速度快，已研制出地面实用型产品；层析成像光谱仪原理新，目前还处在实验阶段；三维成像光谱仪可以同时获取二维影像和一维光谱信息，可实现对迅变目标的观测。     

A groundwater-based, objective-heuristic parameter optimisation method for a precipitation-runoff model and its application to a semi-arid basin

A hydrologic model calibration methodology that is based on groundwater data is developed and implemented using the US Geological Survey's precipitation-runoff modelling system (PRMS) and the modular modelling system (MMS), which performs automatic calibration of parameters. The developed methodology was tested in the Akrotiri basin, Cyprus. The necessity for the groundwater-based model calibration, rather than a typical runoff-based one, arose from the very intermittent character of the runoff in the Akrotiri basin, a case often met in semi-arid regions. Introducing a datum and converting groundwater storage to head made the observable groundwater level the calibration indicator. The modelling of the Akrotiri basin leads us to conclude that groundwater level is a useful indicator for hydrological model calibration that can be potentially used in other similar situations in the absence of river flow measurements. However, the option of an automatic calibration of the complex hydrologic model PRMS by MMS did not ensure a good outcome. On the other hand, automatic optimisation, combined with heuristic expert intervention, enabled achievement of good calibration and constitutes a valuable means for saving effort and improving modelling performance. To this end, results must be scrutinised, melding the viewpoint of physical sense with mathematical efficiency criteria. Thus optimised, PRMS achieved a low simulation error, good reproduction of the historic trend of the aquifer water level evolution and reasonable physical behaviour (good hydrologic balance, Reasonable match of aquifer level evolution, good estimation of mean natural recharge rate).     

GSM短信方式的自动气象站的维护

通过对GSM短信方式的自动气象站运行与维护情况进行分析，提出保障自动气象站安全运行的维护对策．     

CZM-2型恒流自动充电器的改进

本文介绍了改进后的CZM-2型恒流自动充电器的工作原理、安装和调试方法。     

遥感影像解译的研究现状和发展趋势

回顾了遥感影像解译的发展概况,分析了各种影像解译方法的研究现状和特点,并在此基础上对遥感影像智能解译的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于WEB的自动站数据图形化显示

介绍了基于WEB的自动站数据图形化显示的技术方法，以及如何利用C#语言在．NET框架和公共语言库的基础上，使用ASP．NET模型开发数据库 WEB模式的自动站数据查询及图形显示系统。