Automatic Detection and Classification of Coronal Holes and Filaments Based on EUV and Magnetogram Observations of the Solar Disk

A new method for the automated detection of coronal holes and filaments on the solar disk is presented. The starting point is coronal images taken by the Extreme Ultraviolet Telescope on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO/EIT) in the Fe ix/x 171 Å, Fe xii 195 Å, and He ii 304 Å extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lines and the corresponding full-disk magnetograms from the Michelson Doppler Imager (SOHO/MDI) from different phases of the solar cycle. The images are processed to enhance their contrast and to enable the automatic detection of the two candidate features, which are visually indistinguishable in these images. Comparisons are made with existing databases, such as the He i 10830 Å NSO/Kitt Peak coronal-hole maps and the Solar Feature Catalog (SFC) from the European Grid of Solar Observations (EGSO), to discriminate between the two features. By mapping the features onto the corresponding magnetograms, distinct magnetic signatures are then derived. Coronal holes are found to have a skewed distribution of magnetic-field intensities, with values often reaching 100?–?200 gauss, and a relative magnetic-flux imbalance. Filaments, in contrast, have a symmetric distribution of field intensity values around zero, have smaller magnetic-field intensity than coronal holes, and lie along a magnetic-field reversal line. The identification of candidate features from the processed images and the determination of their distinct magnetic signatures are then combined to achieve the automated detection of coronal holes and filaments from EUV images of the solar disk. Application of this technique to all three wavelengths does not yield identical results. Furthermore, the best agreement among all three wavelengths and NSO/Kitt Peak coronal-hole maps occurs during the declining phase of solar activity. The He ii data mostly fail to yield the location of filaments at solar minimum and provide only a subset at the declining phase or peak of the solar cycle. However, the Fe ix/x 171 Å and Fe xii 195 Å data yield a larger number of filaments than the Hα data of the SFC.     

Carbon isotope fractionation during CH4 transport in paddy fields

In this study,to further promote the application of the stable carbon isotope natural abundance(SCINA)method to the study of CH4in paddy fields in China,field experiments were carried out to investigate carbon isotope fractionation during CH4transport in both rice-and non-rice-growing seasons.More importantly,two new methods for the measurement of the CH4transport fractionation factor(εtransport)in paddy fields were introduced.The results indicated that the closed chamber+syringe method was much better for the determination ofεtransport during the non-rice-growing season.Presently,εtransport was calculated using theδ13C value of the CH4emitted from a rice field minus that of the CH4in the floodwater(–6.7‰to–3.0‰).In addition,there were three methods available for estimatingεtransport during the rice-growing season:deduction of theδ13C value of the CH4in the floodwater from that of the CH4emitted from the field(–16.6‰to–15.2‰);deduction of theδ13C value of the CH4in the soil pore water from that of the CH4emitted from the field(–13.2‰to–1.1‰);and deduction of theδ13C value of the CH4in the aerenchyma of plants from that of the CH4emitted from plants(–16.3‰to–10.9‰).Unfortunately,the first two methods showed relatively large uncertainties.Only the last one,the dividing+cutting method,was not only scientific and reliable but also provided accurate measurements.     

北京地区热岛效应及日较差特征

通过对2007～2010年北京地区经质量控制后的123个自动气象站气温数据采用K均值聚类方法分类, 得到城区、郊区、西部和北部山区、西南和东北部山区4个温度分区, 分析了4个分区气温的年变化、日变化和日较差变化特征, 并对北京地区热岛效应的时间变化特征进行了细致分析。结果表明:聚类分析方法可对北京地区温度很好地进行分区, 分区结果与站点的地形和下垫面情况较为吻合;不同分区温度日较差在西部和北部山区最大, 在西南部和东北部山区次之, 郊区再次之, 在城区的日较差最小;在一年中, 各温度分区以2月、5月与10月日较差较大, 其中以5月的日较差为最大;北京地区热岛效应在冬季和夜间较强, 而3～8月热岛较弱, 在夏季的白天比其它季节白天强。     

陕西省气象科学共享数据集的制作及处理

山西省自动站定时观测数据上传逾限率、缺报率较高,安泽县气象局逾限缺报情况也时有发生.为了杜绝这种现象发生,通过大量的实验和研究发现自动站通讯组网接口软件存在出现假死的现象,利用Windows的任务计划功能,编制处理程序,结合现有网络状况,可实现对自动站定时资料传输不成功时的报警和自动补传.     

抛弃式探头下沉运动数值计算的网格划分方法研究

各类抛弃式探头下沉运动的数值计算研究都需要对探头表面和整个计算域进行网格划分的前处理过程,选择不同的网格划分方法和划分精度,会影响数值计算速度和计算精度,最终生成的网格质量决定了计算结果的收敛性和准确性。针对抛弃式探头的复杂结构,对比了两种网格划分方法、三种网格划分精度,完成探头计算区域的网格划分,采用k-ε湍流模型,进行抛弃式探头下沉运动的数值计算,并将计算结果与水箱和水库实验结果进行对比,验证了混合网格划分方法和普通精度网格对抛弃式探头下沉运动数值计算的适用性,研究结果对类似较为复杂结构的水下运动体的数值计算前处理过程具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。     

2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震矩心矩张量快速测定

We successfully employ an automatic centroid moment tensor(CMT) inversion system to infer the CMT solutions of the February 12,2014 MS7.3 Yutian,Xinjiang earthquake using near-field seismic waveforms(4° < △ < 12°) observed by the virtual China seismic networks,which have been recently set up.The results indicate that this event occurred on a rupture plane(strike 243°,dip 70°,and rake-18°),showing left-lateral strike-slip faulting with a minor normal-faulting component.The centroid in the horizontal direction is located nearly 13 km east of the epicenter(36.123° N,82.499° E),and the best-fitting centroid depth is around 10 km.The total scalar moment,M0,is retrieved with an average value of 3.05 × 1019N·m,corresponding to moment magnitude MW6.92.Most of the energy is released within about 14 s.Moreover,we discuss about the potential application of this system in earthquake disaster decision.     

电磁干扰对自动气象站的影响及防范措施

一般说来电磁干扰源分为两大类：自然干扰源和人为干扰源,不管那一种电磁干扰都可能会对自动气象站设备造成影响,甚至使自动气象设备发生故障。本文根据气象站实际使用中出现的情况,分析了产生电磁干扰的来源,提出了抑制电磁干扰的具体防范措施。     

多元聚合分类方案

取得对样品（或逆分析中的要素）的客观分类（型），对于提高天气预报的效果有着十分重要的意义，遗憾的是目前尚未见到能够获得合理分类结果的可行客观分类方法。本方案是以聚合为策略，以计算机为工具，通过逐次全面比较所给样本资料各种情况下的分类，试图在这方面进行的一项尝试，方案目前已取得下列成果:① 提供出一种新的分类思路和方法；② 分类客观且有较好的效果；③ 对小样本可确保取得合理分类。     

基于形状分析的点状地图符号识别

着重讨论了基于形状分析的点状地图符号识别。其主要内容包括点状地图符号的计算机描述，点状地图符号识别系统的结构，点状地图符号识别实验与分析等。文中利用带搜索控制准则的新边界跟踪算法，改进了传统的边界跟踪算法，提出了用傅立叶系数描述点状地图符号的形状特征，并对计算公式作了进一步改进，介绍如何由傅立叶系数提取形状特征不变量，实现了对点状地图符合的自动识别。     

分频信噪比加权叠加

笔者给出一种分频信噪比加权叠加方法,根据定量计算的地震资料信噪比给出加权因子.该方法能有效地提高叠加剖面的信噪比,而又不过分降低剖面的分辨率.通过对实际地震资料处理取得了较好的效果.