一种自动编图斑号注记的新方法在全国第二次土地调查中的应用

介绍一种自动编图斑号的新方法,详述它在开展第二次全国土地调查的工作中的具体应用一以南昌县为例,从而验证了此方法对我国的土地调查工作的开展具有极其重大的工程实用价值。     

绿色煤炭资源主要评价指标研究

依据学界对我国煤炭资源赋存和禀赋特性的研究成果及绿色开发的要求,厘定了绿色煤炭资源的内涵,提出了绿色煤炭资源评价指标的构成和评价指标级别划分方案,以及绿色煤炭资源评价指标影响权重,制定了评价指标分等、分级划分方案;在此基础上,确定了不同类别绿色煤炭资源评价指标特点。     

Application of Refined Land-Use Categories for High Resolution Mesoscale Atmospheric Modelling

A comparison of two separate MM5 land-use datasets (i.e., ‘US Geological Survey (USGS)’ and ‘Pollutants in the Atmosphere and their Transport over Hong Kong (PATH)’, each with different parameter values and different spatial distributions) was performed to understand the importance of land-surface processes and land-atmosphere interactions in the evolution of mesoscale weather phenomena during a high pollution episode in Hong Kong from 28 December 1999 through 1 January 2000. Also, a series of high resolution mesoscale numerical experiments was performed to investigate the possible roles of various surface characteristics or land-use parameters in this high pollution episode. Specifically, the relative importance of six land-use parameters including the roughness length, thermal inertia, soil moisture availability, albedo, surface heat capacity and surface emissivity are studied. Results from this study suggest that the soil moisture availability is the most important controlling parameter on the flow pattern and on surface fluxes. Sensitivity tests also show that the general flow pattern is insensitive to the other five land-use parameters     

阻塞高压形成、发展机理问题概述

概要叙述了现代阻塞高压理论的主流，将其概括成5种主要流派，并作简要评论，最后阐明了阻高理论的发展方向。     

深远海调查作业流程的探索与思考

随着海洋活动的进一步开展、海洋资源的深入研究以及近年来国内外海底观测技术的大力发展,对深远海调查作业规范化、程序化及安全性的要求也逐步提高。文章以"大洋一号"船实践经验为例,分析定点取样类、拖曳类、走航探测类3类作业的区别、特点及安全要素,探索建立安全性更高的深远海调查作业流程及应急处置通则。文章认为应对不同条件下作业流程的制定进行进一步的探索和细化,应根据船舶、海区环境、作业类别、设备特点及人员配备等实际情况制定行之有效的适应本航次要求的作业流程,以支撑调查作业有序、快速、安全、可靠的开展。     

人为干扰过的工程场地类别的判定

如何用原位剪切波速测试结果判定人为干扰(包括改造)过的场地的工程场地类别,各个版本的相关规范、文献中均未涉及到,以致于工程界一直存在着混乱和错误。通过对工程场地类别物理涵义的揭示及常年实测经验的总结,本文给出解决问题的理论依据与实际方法:首先要评价这种人为干扰的范围及深度是否会影响到地震波对该场地的振动作用,评价的依据是该场地被人为干扰体量的大小。若被改变的场地体量足够大,要用改变后的原位剪切波速测试数据评价场地类别;反之,则不能简单地运用原位波速测试结果,而是要用人为扰动层下面约1m范围内原状土的原位波速测试值的85%替代整个扰动层的波速平均值,进而做场地类别的统计计算和判定。因为少量的人为扰动不足以改变场地的工程类别,却有可能改变直接的原位波速测试结果,从而导致误判。     

产业技术变迁与全球技术创新体系空间演化

以1990~2014年全球96个国家和地区为研究对象,在对全球产业技术变迁研究基础上,对全球技术创新体系的等级层次性及其演化机制进行研究。结果发现： ① IPC（International Patent Classification,国际专利分类）-USPC（United States Patent Classification,美国专利分类）-NAICS（North American Industry Classification System,北美产业分类体系）的专利分类至产业分类识别系统为研究不同空间尺度下的产业技术创新变迁提供了全新的视角和方法,全球最具创新力的产业有着由机械产业向信息通信产业变迁的趋势;② 以信息通信产业、机械产业、电气设备产业和医疗设备产业为代表的全球产业技术创新能力在这25 a间都呈现出显著的两极分化和空间集聚趋势;③ 全球技术创新体系正由大西洋格局向太平洋格局演进,东亚地区成为全球技术创新的增长极;④ 国家研发支出规模、国家经济规模和国家文化包容性对国家技术创新能力有着明显的正向影响,但研发人员数量和国家人口总数对国家技术创新能力的作用不明显。     

INTEGRATED FRACTIONS SKILL SCORE FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF PRECIPITATION

Traditional skill scores (e.g., the threat score) used in the high-resolution verification of precipitation are affected by a “double penalty” caused by slight spatial or temporal displacements, which can lead to misleading evaluations. The fractions skill score (FSS) is a popular spatial verificaiton measure that can be used to solve these problems. It can determine useful and skillful scores by neighborhood analysis, which can be used to monitor the performance of operational forecasts. However, the FSS provides different scores at each spatial scale and it is difficult to obtain a definite score for the assessment of precipitation to analyze the temporal variabilities of daily forecasts. We previously reported a modified FSS assessment method and showed that a particular analysis scale had a significant advantage in the verification of operational forecasts of precipitation. To compensate for the lack of artificial definition in the analysis scale, we report here a new integrated score that satisfies a Gaussian weight function to average the FSS over all scales. We describe the advantages of the new score in the verification of forecasts of daily and hourly precipitation, taking forecast products from the GRAPES regional model and quantitative precipitation estimation products from the National Meteorological Information Center during June and July 2017 and investigating the differences between these results and those obtained with the traditional category score. We found that a value of 0.5 can be used as a standard for the skillful FSS in the forecast of heavy rainfall. The integrated score can maintain all the advantages seen in previous studies in the verification of daily and hourly precipitation and show excellent application prospects. The long-term verification including different seasons also find that the score can effectively improve the identification characteristics of the assessment.     

川滇甘陕地区地震的加速度峰值比和竖向反应谱的统计分析

本文以国内川滇甘陕地区263个有详细场地资料的强震台站获得的802组地震动加速度记录为基础,研究了该地区加速度峰值比的总体分布特征,分别探讨了震中距和震级对加速度峰值比的影响特征,按照水平反应谱的标定方法对竖向反应谱进行标定并对其进行了统计分析。统计分析结果显示:竖向与水平向加速度峰值比的概率分布总体服从极值Ⅱ型分布,加速度峰值比均值为0.6,加速度峰值比≤0.65的累积频率为64%;Ⅱ类场地的加速度峰值比随震中距增大而减小;大震近场的加速度峰值比基本上远高于0.65;最后本文给出了不同场地类别下竖向反应谱特征参数,并与水平向反应谱特征参数进行了比较。     

地勘单位实施"走出去"战略实务

地勘单位依靠其地质勘查技术优势,大力实施"走出去"战略,主动到境外开疆拓土,勘查开发矿产资源,部分单位已经取得了一些成果,还有更多的单位要"走出去",现实需要及时总结经验,从操作层面研究"走出去"的具体实务。本文主要针对地勘单位实际,分析总结了地勘单位"走出去"应练好哪些内功,争取哪些支持,提出了"走出去"的国别选择和路径选择。