环境因子对菲律宾蛤仔摄食生理生态的影响

于 1 998年 1— 6月 ,在中国科学院海洋研究所实验室内采用静水方法对采自胶州湾潮间带的菲律宾蛤仔 (以下简称蛤仔 )进行摄食率、清滤率和吸收率的测定。结果表明 :(1 )蛤仔摄食率和清滤率随着个体体重的增加而增大 ,而单位重量的摄食率和清滤率随个体体重的增加而减小 ,它们之间呈幂函数关系。 (2 )底质对蛤仔摄食生理影响的实验表明 :铺砂可以显著地提高蛤仔的摄食生理指标。 (3)在一定的饵料浓度范围内 ,摄食率和清滤率随着浓度的增加而增大 ,呈幂函数关系。当饵料浓度达到一定值后 ,清滤率迅速下降 ,而摄食率只略微有所下降 ,基本上保持平稳不变。这说明蛤仔可以通过调节清滤率来稳定摄食率。 (4)蛤仔吸收率和饵料浓度及个体大小无明显相关性。 (5)水温 1 5℃ ,投喂小球藻的条件下 ,实验结果显示蛤仔 [壳长 (3.53± 0 .0 2 )cm、软体部干重 (0 .41± 0 .0 2 )g]产生假粪的阈值为2 .1 6mgPOM /L。     

Forbidden transition probabilities of astrophysical interest among low-lying states of V III

Electric and magnetic multipole transitions among low-lying states of doubly ionized vanadium were computed using the multi-configuration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) method with Breit-Pauli (BP) corrections to a non-relativistic Hamiltonian. Energy levels were determined up to and including 3d ²(¹ G)4s b ² G _7/2 and computed energies were found to be in good agreement with experiment and other theories. In addition to Einstein A _ki coefficients for some E2 and M1 transitions, lifetime data and selected weighted oscillator strengths are also reported.     

Colliding Blast Waves Driven by the Interaction of a Short-Pulse Laser with a Gas of Atomic Clusters

Collisions between shocks are commonly found in many astrophysical objects, however robust numerical models or laboratory analogues of these complex systems remain challenging to implement. We report on the development of scaled laboratory experiments which employ new techniques for launching and diagnosing colliding shocks and high Mach number blast waves, scalable to a limited subset of astrophysically-relevant regimes. Use of an extended medium of atomic clusters enables efficient (>80%) coupling of 700 fs, 1 J, 1054 nm laser pulses to a “cluster” gas with an average density of ≈10¹⁹ particles cm⁻³, producing an initial energy density >10⁵ J cm⁻³, equivalent to ≈5×10⁹ J/g. Multiple laser foci are used to tailor the spatial profile of energy deposition, or to launch pairs of counter-propagating cylindrical shocks which then collide. By probing the collision interferometrically at multiple view angles in 5^{^} increments and applying an inverse Radon transform to the resulting phase projections we have been able to tomographicall reconstruct the full three-dimensional, time-framed electron density profile of the system.     

原子吸收法测定矿泉水中的镉元素

提出用石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定饮用天然矿泉水中痕量镉元素方法。以磷酸氢二钾作基本体改进剂,可提高灰化温度和灵敏度,消除共存元素的干扰,方法的检出限为0.004ug/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为3.7%     

原子荧光光度法测定土壤样品中砷的不确定度评定

通过原子荧光光度法对土壤样品中砷重复测定6次，计算实验标准差，同时对测试过程系统效应产生的不确定度分量进行评估，从而评定其不确定度。     

Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter measurements of dissolved substances and suspended particles in ocean water

We have developed a new device to measure the separate contributions to the spectral absorption coefficient due to a pure liquid, due to the particles suspended in it, and due to the substances dissolved in it. This device, the Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter (ICAM), is essentially independent of scattering effects in the sample. In April 1993, a prototype of the ICAM was field tested on board the research vessel USNS Bartlett. A major part of the cruise track included criss-crossing the area where the Mississippi flows into the Gulf of Mexico at various ranges from the mouth of the river; thus samples were collected from areas of blue, green, and brown/black water. We evaluated 35 seawater samples collected with 5-l Niskin bottles from 22 locations to determine absorption spectra (380–700 nm) of suspended particles and dissolved substances (gelbstoff). Results validate the ICAM as a viable tool for marine optical absorption research. Gelbstoff absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.024 to 0.603 m⁻¹. Over the spectral region 380→560 nm, gelbstoff absorption by each of the samples could be accurately fit to a decaying exponential. The particle absorption spectra are generally characteristic of those of phytoplankton and exhibit a local maximum at 430–440 nm. Absorption values at 432.5 nm ranged from zero to 1.0 m⁻¹. Some samples with moderate particulate absorption, however, did not show the characteristic local maximum of phytoplankton in the blue and instead resembled the characteristic decaying exponential of detritus with a shape similar to that observed in the gelbstoff. The ratio of gelbstoff to particulate absorption at 432.5 nm ranged from 0.46 to 152.     

烟台四十里湾海区栉孔扇贝同化率周年变化及其与环境的关系

于１９９７年６月－１９９８年５月用现场方法测定了烟台四十里湾海区总颗粒物质（ＴＰＭ）、颗粒有机物（ＰＯＭ）现存量和栉孔扇贝同化率（ＡＥ）周年变化,并分析栉孔扇贝同化率与海区温度、盐度、ＴＰＭ和ＰＯＭ的关系。结果表明,（１）整个海区ＴＰＭ现存量秋季最高,其次为春季和冬季,夏季最低;海区ＰＯＭ含量变化不大,在１．３４－１．６５ｍｇ／Ｌ之间;栉孔扇贝同化率在春、夏、秋三了较高,冬季较低,其中在秋末冬初（     

原子吸收光谱仪用于沉积物中锡分析的方法研究

１９９４－１９９６年间,利用原子吸收光谱仪,对沉积物中有机锡和总锡的石墨炉原子吸收分析方法进行了优化,探讨了分析过程中的仪器条件和改进剂类型。优化后方法的检出限为 ２．４５μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,特征浓度（相当于产生 １％净吸收或 ０．００４ ４吸光度的待测元素浓度）为４８２μｇ／Ｌ（ＴＰＴ－锡）。在这一条件下,采用盐酸酸化－正己烷萃取－氢氧化钠回洗－硝酸氧化的预处理方法,可以使沉积物样品中三苯基氯化锡（Ｔｒｉｐｈｅｎｙｌｔｉｎ, ＴＰＴ）的检出限达到４１ｎｇ／ｇ（ＴＰＴ－锡）,回收率为 １０６％。应用这一方法对野外模拟实验和黄岛电厂出水口的沉积物样品进行了分析,结果表明,这一方法能够满足对沉积物样品中锡进行分析的要求。     

Organic and inorganic matter in Louisiana coastal waters: Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi regions

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) spectral absorption, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration, and the particulate fraction of inorganic (PIM) and organic matter (POM) were measured in Louisiana coastal waters at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, Terrebonne, Barataria, and Mississippi River locations, in 2007-2008. The range of CDOM was 0.092 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008 to 11.225 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in February 2008. An indicator of organic matter quality was predicted by the spectral slope of absorption coefficients from 350 to 412 nm which was between 0.0087 m⁻¹ at Mississippi in May 2008 and 0.0261 m⁻¹ at Barataria in June 2008. CDOM was the dominant component of light attenuation at Terrebonne and Barataria. Detritus and CDOM were the primary components of light attenuation at Vermilion, Atchafalaya, and Mississippi. DOC ranged between 65 and 1235 μM. PIM ranged between 1.1 and 426.3 mg L⁻¹ and POM was between 0.3 and 49.6 mg L⁻¹.     

近地表高频补偿技术在三维地震勘探中的应用研究

近地表的滤波作用不仅会引起地震波高频成分的快速衰减,还会引起地震子波相位的畸变,在高分辨率地震资料处理中,必须对这些由近地表引起的衰减和频散进行补偿.文中研究了近地表吸收规律,应用微测井资料求出了表层的吸收衰减因子,补偿了近地表高频成分,给出了针对三维地震资料的近地表高频补偿方法,对大庆齐家北工区的地震资料进行了实际应用,同时还应用属性分析技术对应用效果进行了分析评价,结果表明,该方法是可行的.