河南省南召县银洞岭银矿床地球化学特征

银洞岭银矿床位于豫西南铅锌银多金属成矿区.通过对区域成矿地质背景研究,选择找矿靶区,采用土壤地球化学、植物地球化学、壤中气汞量测量等方法,确定矿化有利地段并实施钻探验证,最终发现隐伏银矿床.银洞岭银矿床的发现,是深穿透地球化学方法寻找隐伏矿床的成功范例.     

提高光谱分析微量钽铌结果准确度研究

发射光谱法简单、快速测定矿样中微量钽铌时,主要伴生元素锡对准确测定微量钽铌有辅助作用。改进在钨、铁等元素干扰存在时,钽铌分析线对选择。与化学分析测试结果比对验证后,发现光谱分析微量钽铌准确度得到很大提高,可满足地质找矿品位0.01%的需要。     

豫西南湍源银多金属矿集区典型矿床(点) ——来自地质、流体特征及锆石U-Pb年龄的证据

豫西南湍源银多金属矿集区位于秦岭造山带中部,分布有板厂铜多金属矿床、银洞沟银多金属矿床、许窑沟金矿床、银虎曼铅锌矿,以及万人洞沟、铁罗沟、万沟等金银矿点。流体包裹体研究表明,与含矿有关的石英脉流体包裹体组成复杂,特别是富气包裹体十分发育,而不含矿的石英包裹体类型简单,多为水盐包裹体。获得研究区内与成矿关系比较密切的卢家坪岩体和五龙潭岩体的锆石206Pb/238U年龄分别为446Ma±7Ma和424.6Ma±4.9Ma,据此认为该区成矿时间最早可延伸至加里东期。系统总结了矿集区矿床矿点的成矿作用过程,认为湍源银多金属异常区典型矿床可以分为以下几类：①与地层有关的火山喷流沉积及后期热液叠加改造的块状硫化物矿床(VMS-SEDEX),火山作用提供成矿物质,后期热液改造形成矿床,代表性矿床为银虎曼铅-锌矿床; ②与构造有关的蚀变岩-石英脉型金、银多金属矿床,成矿物质来源于深部和围岩,朱-夏断裂带次级构造提供容矿空间,代表性矿床为银洞沟银多金属矿床、许窑沟金矿; ③与中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩型-矽卡岩型矿床,成矿物质来源于深部和围岩,朱阳关-夏馆断裂带提供容矿空间,代表性矿床为板厂铜多金属矿床 。     

二苯硫脲泡塑富集-原子吸收光谱法连续测定化探样品中金和银

传统的发射光谱、化学光谱、泡塑富集分离-原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的金和银,分析结果不稳定,效率低。本研究提出用50%的王水分解化探样品,负载二苯硫脲泡塑吸附金银,石墨炉和火焰原子吸收光谱法对金和银进行联合测定。在二苯硫脲浓度、吸附酸度、吸附温度、振荡时间等优化的实验条件下,金和银的回收率分别达到97.9%和98.8%,检出限为0.25 ng/g和0.038μg/g,准确度(RE,n=9)为2.0%～14.0%和7.7%～13.3%,精密度(RSD,n=9)为3.1%～12.4%和5.1%～13.2%。经国家标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值基本相符。该方法实现了在同一份溶液中同时测定金和银,与现行的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定金、发射光谱测定银的方法相比,称样量达到10 g,样品的代表性显著增加,提高了准确度和精密度,简化了金银分析的程序,化学试剂用量少,分析成本低。     

山楂提取物生物合成纳米银对四种常见水产病原菌的抑制作用

近年来,"绿色"生物合成纳米抑菌材料以其方法简单、价格低廉、环境友好的优势已成为纳米技术领域中的一项激动人心的发展策略。为了研究生物合成纳米银(Silver nanoparticles,Ag NPs)对水产病原菌的抑菌效果,本研究分别以山楂果实超纯水提取物和山楂乙醇提取物作为还原剂和稳定剂,采用生物合成法制备出两种纳米银抑菌材料W-Ag NPs和E-Ag NPs。通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法对合成产物的光学特性、形貌特征以及晶体结构等指标进行了比较,并采用琼脂扩散法初步检测了W-Ag NPs和E-Ag NPs对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌两种典型病原菌的抑菌活性。研究结果显示,W-Ag NPs的合成效果较为理想,它的粒径较小、更加均一,并且具有较高的抑菌活性。在此基础上,我们进一步检测了W-Ag NPs对鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、副溶血弧菌及点状气单胞菌等4种典型的水产病原菌的抑菌圈,并测定了其抑菌动力学曲线、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。研究结果表明,W-Ag NPs对四种供试水产病原菌均有显著的抑菌效果,10μg/m L和20μg/m L的W-Ag NPs均对鳗弧菌的生长产生明显的抑制作用,对鳗弧菌的MIC和MBC分别为6.5μg/m L和12.9μg/m L。研究表明山楂提取物制备的纳米银抑菌剂对水产病原菌有显著的抑制和杀灭效果,在水产养殖领域中有着广阔的开发和利用前景。     

斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)雌、雄鱼核型及Ag-NORs带型分析

为研究斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体的形态与结构,本文采用植物血球凝集素(PHA)及秋水仙碱体内注射法,取头肾细胞采用冷滴片结合空气干燥的方法获取了斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体的中期分裂相,分别对其进行了常规的吉姆萨和硝酸银染色并进行核型和带型分析。结果显示:(1)雄性斑石鲷核型为2n=47、1m+2sm+44t、NF=50,雌性斑石鲷核型为2n=48、2sm+46t、NF=50。(2)斑石鲷雌、雄鱼染色体相对长度分别为(2.30±0.37)—(6.87±0.42)及(2.28±0.30)—(10.33±0.86),雄性斑石鲷具有一条体型巨大的异形中部着丝粒染色体,其相对长度达到其它染色体的2—5倍。(3)染色体经银染后,发现含有2个Ag-NORs位点的分裂相最多,位点位于一对亚中部着丝粒染色体短臂末端,呈短棒状,且具有活性异形现象。(4)本研究中雄性斑石鲷具有一条异形性染色体,可能是性染色体Y,我们推测其染色体的性别决定类型可能为X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y型。本研究为鲈形目鱼类的细胞遗传学研究提供了基础资料,并将为进一步开展斑石鲷遗传育种等研究奠定基础。     

Characteristics of Ore-forming Fluid of the Gaoshan Gold-Silver Deposit in the Longquan Area,Zhejiang Province and its Implications for the Ore Genesis

The Gaoshan gold-silver deposit, located between the Yuyao-Lishui Fault and JiangshanShaoxing fault in Longquan Area, occurs in the Suichang-Longquan gold-silver polymetallic metallogenic belt. This study conducted an investigation for ore-forming fluids using microthermometry, D-O isotope and trace element. The results show that two types of fluid inclusions involved into the formation of the deposit are pure liquid phase and gas-liquid phase aqueous inclusions. The homogenization temperature and salinity of major mineralization phase ranges from 156°C to 236°C(average 200°C) and 0.35% to 8.68%(NaCleqv)(average 3.68%), respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluid is characteristic of low temperature and low salinity. The oreforming pressure ranges between in 118.02 to 232.13'105 pa, and it is estabmiated that the oreforming depth ranges from 0.39 to 0.77 km, indicating it is a hypabyssal deposit in genesis. The low rare earth elements content in pyrites, widely developed fluorite in late ore-forming stage and lack of chlorargyrite(Ag Cl), indicates that the ore-forming fluid is rich in F rather than Cl. The ratios of Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta of between different samples have little difference, indicating that the later hydrothermal activities had no effects on the former hydrothermal fluid. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pyrites from country rocks and ore veins are basically identical, with the characteristics of light REE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, implying that the ore-forming fluid was oxidative and derived partly from the country rocks. The δD and δ18O of fluid inclusions in quartz formed during the main metallogenic stage range from -105‰ to -69 ‰ and -6.01‰ to -3.81‰, respectively. The D-O isotopic diagram shows that the metallogenic fluid is characterized by the mixing of formation water and meteoric water, without involvement of magmatic water. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the Gaoshan gold-silver deposit are similar to those of continental volcanic hydrothermal deposit, and could be assigned to the continental volcanic hydrothermal gold-silver deposit type.     

绿色化学法在金银多金属分析中的应用研究

本文采用HCl-HNO3-NH4HF2-KClO3封闭溶样,在(NH2)2CS介质中,原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中的Au、Ag。方法能有效避免AgCl、PbCl2沉淀和Au、Ag的硅酸盐包裹体,以及W、Mo和Sb、Pb等在Au富集过程中的竞争吸附与容量法测定的终点干扰。应用ICP-AES可在该介质中完成金矿样品中Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb等的同时测定。方法绿色环保,操作简单、快速,稳定性好,准确度和精密度高,适合于大批量金矿样品的分析测定。     

西藏嘎拉勒铜金矿床金和银的赋存状态研究

班公湖-怒江成矿带是西藏重要的铜多金属成矿带。嘎拉勒铜金矿床是该成矿带中发现较晚、研究程度较低且具代表性的矽卡岩型铜金矿床,矿石有用组分中金、银的赋存状态研究相对开展的较少,限制了矿床进一步的综合开发利用。作者通过野外地质调查与采样,采用光学显微镜鉴定、扫描电镜观察和X射线能谱仪测试分析等手段和方法,对矿石成分组分做了详细的研究,重点研究了矿床中金、银的赋存状态及主要载金矿物的特征。嘎拉勒铜金矿床金矿物以自然金、银金矿为主,其次为金银矿,可见粒间金、裂隙金及相对较少的包裹金形式,主要的载金矿物为石英、白云石、方解石、金属氧化物、硫化物及自然铋等。银矿物主要以金银系列矿物形式存在,少量自然银与放射性元素共生,此外,还有少量辉银矿。研究成果填补了该矿区金、银赋存状态研究的空白,对矿床的开发、利用有着重要的指示意义。     

Occurrence modes of silver in the Ni-Mo-PGE polymetallic layer of the Lower Cambrian black shales in Zunyi,Guizhou Province,South China

The Ni-Mo-PGE polymetallic mineralization of the Lower Cambrian black shales locate in Zunyi, South China and contain abundant noble metals such as Ag, Au and PGE, and especially Ag with average concentration of 64×10-6. The occurrence modes of Ag have been investigated using methods of selective chemical dissolution and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the occurrence modes of Ag are complex and diversiform. It might be associated with clay minerals, organic matter, sulfides and also occurred as native silver and sulfides with nanometer in size. Combined with results of previous studies, we suggest that the sulfides, clay minerals and organic matter which hosted in the Ni-Mo-PGE polymetallic ores of black shales can play the roles of important reduction and adsorption geochemical barriers for the enrichment and distribution of silver. This study further implies that the selective chemical dissolution and transmission electron microscopy may pave the way to study the occurrence modes of other noble metals in black shales.