大尺度海气异常关系的主振荡型分析

简要介绍了主振荡型(POP)分析的原理及方法.用它分析了热带太平洋海表温度异常,得到的主振荡型 P_1、P_2及其周期 T,描述了 El Nino 与 La Nina 事件交替出现的时空特征.分析了热带太平洋区域月平均海温与风场的伴随相关型(ACP),得到了与 El Nino 事件相关的、物理意义清楚的环流异常图像.而对东亚夏季降水、气温的 ACP 分析给出了 El Nino 事件与我国夏季长期天气异常联系的接近实际的结果.     

湖南金矿床中黄铁矿和毒砂的含金性探讨

(?)南的共生与(?)生金矿庆中的金,大部分为次显微金和(?)显微金.(?)中的黄铁矿和毒砂是金的主要载(?)矿物.金主要以机械混合物或微包体形式赋存,主要形成于硫(?)化物矿化(?)或晚期.矿石合金量的高低与载金矿物的晶形,(?)度,生成期及碎裂程度等有关.(?)黄铁矿、毒砂是金矿床的主要标型矿物.As是标型指示元素.     

基于混合三维数据模型的二、三维联动研究

结合二维和三维GIS的优势,提出一种介于数据层和可视层的二、三维联动新方法。通过一个基于World Wind平台的二、三维联动的可视化原型系统应用实践,验证新方法能够为GIS系统提供真实的三维交互界面,并通过消息机制实现二、三维地物符号的互操作并达到以三维到二维联动的可视化效果。     

Influence of habitat and host morphology on macrofaunal assemblages associated with the sponge Halichondria melanadocia in an estuarine system of the southern Gulf of Mexico

Sponges are inhabited by a wide variety of organisms and have been regarded as one of the richest biotopes in tropical seas. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the host morphology and selected environmental conditions on macrofaunal assemblages associated with the sponge Halichondria melanadocia in an estuarine system of the southern Gulf of Mexico. This sponge exhibits different growth forms when it inhabits mangrove prop roots of Rhizophora mangle (thickly encrusting form) and adjacent seagrass beds (massive, amorphous or ramose form). From a total of 50 sponge specimens collected in each habitat, a total of eight taxa (of epi‐ and endobionts) was found associated with this sponge, with polychaetes, echinoderms and crustaceans the most abundant groups. In both morphotypes (thickly‐encrusting and massive‐ramose forms), taxon richness was positively related to sponge volume and oscular diameter. The overall mean abundance of associated fauna was also positively related to sponge volume in both morphotypes and with the oscular diameter (in the seagrass morphotype only). These findings suggest that H. melanadocia constitutes an important microhabitat for a wide variety of fauna, independent of its morphology and habitat type. However, when comparing the two morphotypes, the mangrove individuals, despite having smaller sizes, smaller oscular diameter and less structural complexity, displayed an overall mean abundance of fauna 17 times higher [0.36 ± 0.18 individuals (ind.)·ml·sponge^?1] than that recorded in the seagrass individuals (0.021 ± 0.01 ind.·ml·sponge^?1). There were also marked differences in the proportions of the major taxonomic groups; in fact, some of them were found exclusively in one morphotype. The variability recorded in the composition and abundance of associated fauna between the morphotypes seems to be influenced by differences in sponge morphology, environmental conditions (e.g. sedimentation rate and light intensity), substrate orientation and the fauna inhabiting the surrounding area.     

Non-Singular Expressions for the Gravity Gradients in the Local North-Oriented and Orbital Reference Frames

The conventional expansions of the gravity gradients in the local north-oriented reference frame have a complicated form, depending on the first- and second-order derivatives of the associated Legendre functions of the colatitude and containing factors which tend to infinity when approaching the poles. In the present paper, the general term of each of these series is transformed to a product of a geopotential coefficient and a sum of several adjacent Legendre functions of the colatitude multiplied by a function of the longitude. These transformations are performed on the basis of relations between the Legendre functions and their derivatives published by Ilk (1983). The second-order geopotential derivatives corresponding to the local orbital reference frame are presented as linear functions of the north-oriented gravity gradients. The new expansions for the latter are substituted into these functions. As a result, the orbital derivatives are also presented as series depending on the geopotential coefficients multiplied by sums of the Legendre functions whose coefficients depend on the longitude and the satellite track azimuth at an observation point. The derived expansions of the observables can be applied for constructing a geopotential model from the GOCE mission data by the time-wise and space-wise approaches. The numerical experiments demonstrate the correctness of the analytical formulas.An erratum to this article can be found at     

A simple procedure to improve the explicit integration of Cam-Clay models

A simple procedure is proposed to reduce the error in the calculation of the stresses when simulating stress paths applying explicit stress integration schemes in Cam-Clay models with an associated flow rule. The procedure consists of defining the value of the preconsolidation stress (the hardening parameter of a Cam-Clay model) so that the drift of the yield surface is zero at each calculation step. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed procedure, especially along softening paths. The method can easily be implemented in existing explicit integration modules, which facilitates its practical application.     

淮北宿临矿区构造煤中黄铁矿赋存特征及其地质控制

通过淮北宿临矿区不同类型构造煤中黄铁矿形态和分布的显微观测,结合常量及伴生元素分布特征分析,探讨了构造煤中黄铁矿的分布规律、形成机制及其地质控制作用。黄铁矿是典型的多期成因矿物,其分布受沉积环境和应力-应变环境共同作用,可划分为4 个形成阶段12 种类型;构造煤中的Co、Sb、Mn 等元素与黄铁矿关系密切,其分布反映应力-应变环境;进一步发现构造煤中的Hg 与硫化铁硫（Sp.d）呈良好相关性,随构造煤变形程度的增加呈“高-低-高”的演变趋势,受构造煤形成的动力学机制影响;构造煤中的黄铁矿可分为同生和后生两种模式,前者受控于沉积环境和古构造条件,而后者与构造改造和构造煤变形相关。分析认为,脆性变形阶段煤体结构的物理变化及过程为黄铁矿发育提供了赋存空间和条件,而韧性变形阶段中的动力变质和力化学作用为元素的迁移、散失及富集提供了动力,从而影响了黄铁矿的形成类型和分布。     

New relations among associated Legendre functions and spherical harmonics

Several new relations among associated Legendre functions (ALFs) are derived, most of which relate a product of an ALF with trigonometric functions to a weighted summation over ALFs, where the weights only depend on the degree and order of the ALF. These relations are, for example, useful in applications such as the computation of geopotential coefficients and computation of ellipsoidal corrections in geoid modelling. The main relations are presented in both their unnormalised and fully normalised (4π-normalised) form. Several approaches to compute the weights involved are discussed, and it is shown that the relations can also be applied in the case of first- and second-order derivatives of ALFs, which may be of use in analysis of satellite gradiometry data. Finally, the derived relations are combined to provide new identities among ALFs, which contain no dependency on the colatitudinal coordinate other than that in the ALFs themselves.     

闽西南—粤东北地区大地构造演化与铜、（伴生）银的成矿作用

本文论述了闽西南—粤东北地区大地构造演化及其特征、铜、（伴生）银矿床的成矿作用及与大地构造演化的关系。指出本区地壳经历了从太古代陆核阶段→中元古代—早元古代地槽裂谷阶段→晚古生代地台断拉谷阶段→中生代地洼陆相火山岩阶段的多阶段演化，形成了结晶基底、褶皱基底、地台盖层和地洼盖层的四层结构。铜、（伴生）银矿床赋在于三个构造层七个层泣中，与一定的沉积建造有关。成矿作用与各大地构造阶段发生的主要构造热事件有关。矿床具有明显的多因复成特点。     

银家沟硫铁矿床伴生金的赋存状态初步研究

初步认为银家沟硫铁矿床的伴生金主要以自然金形式赋存于黄铁矿中,粒度0．5～23μ,是包体金和裂隙金状态产出,含金达96．07％～96．37％．