The distributions of, and relationship between, He and nitrate in eddies

We present and discuss the distribution of ³He and its relationship to nutrients in two eddies (cyclone C1 and anticyclone A4) with a view towards examining eddy-related mechanisms whereby nutrients are transported from the upper 200–300 m into the euphotic zone of the Sargasso Sea. The different behavior of these tracers in the euphotic zone results in changes in their distributions and relationships that may provide important clues as to the nature of physical and biological processes involved.The cyclonic eddy (C1) is characterized by substantial ³He excesses within the euphotic zone. The distribution of this excess ³He is strongly suggestive of both past and recent ongoing deep-water injection into the euphotic zone. Crude mass balance calculations suggest that an average of approximately 1.4±0.7 mol m⁻² of nitrate has been introduced into the euphotic zone of eddy C1, consistent with the integrated apparent oxygen utilization anomaly in the aphotic zone below. The ³He–NO₃ relationship within the eddy deviates substantially from the linear thermocline trend, suggestive of incomplete drawdown of nutrients and/or substantial mixing between euphotic and aphotic zone waters.Anticyclone (A4) displays a simpler ³He–NO₃ relationship, but is relatively impoverished in euphotic zone excess ³He. We suggest that because of the relatively strong upwelling and lateral divergence of water the residence time of upwelled ³He is relatively short within the euphotic zone of this eddy. An estimate of the recently upwelled nutrient inventory, based on the excess ³He observed in A4's lower euphotic zone, is stoichiometrically consistent with the oxygen maximum observed in the euphotic zone.     

青岛近岸能见度逐小时分级预报模型初探

本文对青岛2014~2015年4~8月份位于青岛奥帆基地站和胶州湾跨海大桥上的大桥4站的逐小时自动气象站测量数据进行多种统计分析工作,发现两地能见度变化影响因子有不同特点,大桥4站在雾出现时降温增湿过程更明显。能见度处于1km以下时,风速降低,温度降低,绝对湿度减小会导致更低的能见度出现。使用神经网络方法分别对两站建立逐小时的能见度分级预报模型,并用2016年4~8月数据进行预报检验,表明少数关键预报因子就可以较好地建立预报模型,奥帆基地站能见度0~1km和1~5km级别的TS评分可超过0.4,因子增多会提升能见度1~5km级别的预报效果。两站独立建模比使用一个模型预报效果更好。该研究为青岛近岸能见度精细化客观定量预报提供参考。     

Advances of geo-spatial intelligence at LIESMARS

ABSTRACT

The enhancement of computing power, the maturity of learning algorithms, and the richness of application scenarios make Artificial Intelligence (AI) solution increasingly attractive when solving Geo-spatial Information Science (GSIS) problems. These include image matching, image target detection, change detection, image retrieval, and for generating data models of various types. This paper discusses the connection and synthesis between AI and GSIS in block adjustment, image search and discovery in big databases, automatic change detection, and detection of abnormalities, demonstrating that AI can integrate GSIS. Moreover, the concept of Earth Observation Brain and Smart Geo-spatial Service (SGSS) is introduced in the end, and it is expected to promote the development of GSIS into broadening applications.     

Tracing water mass mixing in the Baltic–North Sea transition zone using the optical properties of coloured dissolved organic matter

The distribution and characteristics of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in the Baltic – North Sea transition zone were studied. The aim was to assess the validity of predicting CDOM absorption in the region on the basis of water mass mixing alone and demonstrate the utility of CDOM as an indicator of water mass mixing in coastal seas. A three-end-member mixing model representing the three major allochthonous CDOM sources was sufficient to describe the patterns in CDOM absorption distribution observed. The three-end-member water masses were the: Baltic outflow, German Bight and the central North Sea. Previously, it was thought that water from the German Bight transported northwards in the Jutland coastal current only sporadically influenced mixing between the Baltic and North Sea. The results from this study show that water from the German Bight is detectable at salinities down to 12 in the Kattegat and Belt Sea. On average, 23% of the CDOM in bottom waters of the Kattegat, Great Belt, Belt Sea, Arkona Sea and the Sound originated from the German Bight. Using this conservative mixing model approach, local CDOM inputs were detectable but found to be limited, representing only 0.25% of CDOM in the surface waters of the Kattegat and Belt Sea. The conservative mixing of CDOM makes it possible to predict its distribution and characteristics and offers a powerful tool for tracing water mass mixing in the region. The results also emphasize the need to include the Jutland Coastal current in hydrodynamic models for the region.     

江西省人工增雨统计检验系统设计与实现

介绍了基于VB6．0数据库编程技术的江西省人工增雨统计检验系统的设计思路、实现方法及具备的功能,阐述了区域历史回归和双比分析两种统计分析方法在人工增雨效果检验中的应用。选取2008年贵溪市开展的2次人工增雨作业进行效果检验及系统应用检验,利用系统提供的区域历史回归分析方法,计算得到人工增雨作业相对增雨率约31．9％,增雨效果显著。     

新疆天山山区人工增雨试验效果评价

根据历史水文资料，对统计变量的选择和排序进行研究，提出了一个选择按连续方式排序的旬流量作为统计变量进行人工增雨效果评价的新方法。结果表明，乌鲁木齐河流域在区域回归试验中，可在9年的试验期内，以0．05的统计显著性水平检测出仅为历史期平均流量4．3％的人工增雨效果，明显提高了统计检验的功效。应用这一方法，对1994-2002年夏季6～8月在新疆天山山区乌鲁木齐河流域进行人工增雨试验的效果做了检验，得出增雨期间乌鲁木齐河平均流量增长3．5％，统计显著性水平0．035；降雨量增长19．9％，显著性水平0．005。     

陕西省旱涝季度,年度预报和集成预报方法

在大量天气预报实践的基础上,通过分析地理环境,气候背景,大型天气过程的转型及“突变”、太阳活动及天文原因选取预报因子,分析了降水特征,确定了旱涝指标。并采用人工神经元网络、等方法建立了预报模型。     

人工介质对富营养化水体中氮磷营养物质去除特性研究

采用人工介质富集微生物对太湖梅梁湾水源水中氮磷营养物质的去除特性进行了试验研究.中试结果表明:随着介质密度和水力停留时间的增加,对氮磷营养物质的去除率均有提高.介质密度为26.8%、水力停留时间为5d时,人工介质对TN、TP、氨氮、亚硝态氮的去除率分别为26.6%、72.1%、43.2%、79.4%,可见人工介质对富营养化水体中氮磷营养物质有较好的去除效果.增加水流速度消除了池内的溶解氧和氧化还原电位的分层现象,提高了NH4 -N和NO2--N的去除效果,没有降低TP、PO43--P、DTP的去除效果,说明沉淀作用并不是去除水体中氮磷营养物质的主要途径.人工介质表面富集了大量的微生物,通过硝化-反硝化作用是富营养化水体水质改善的主要途径.     

梅梁湖和五里湖水-沉积物界面的物质交换

从人工湿地水生植物根系实际生长深度、微生物及酶的空间分布以及不同深度人工湿地对污水的净化效果比较出发,研究了人工湿地污水处理系统的净化空间,以种植香蒲Typhaangustifolia和灯心草Juncuseffusus的人工湿地为例,水生植物根系主要分布在湿地基质上层25cm区域;微生物的数量随深度增加而递减,且35cm层的数量远远的低于上层;5－10cm层的磷酸酶、纤维素酶和蛋白酶活性亦大于20cm层;60cm深的人工湿地与20cm深的人工湿地对污水中污染物的净化效果基本一致。可以推断,人工湿地在净化污水的过程中,其上层存在一个较佳的净化空间。     

基于神经网络理论的工程地质数据处理与定量化分析方法初探

神经网络理论是近年来发展起来的一种新的数学方法，因其在处理自然界中普遍存在的高度非线性和不确定性问题有较强的能力和独到的优点而备受各学科研究者的重视。本亠 将神经理论引入工程地的南领域，并探讨了基于神经网络理论建立一套工程地质数据处理与定量化分析方法的可能性及其所应包括的主要内容。