离散Hopfield神经网络的稳定性

研究离散Ｈｏｐｆｉｅｌｄ神经网络的串行稳定性和并行稳定性，分别提出了条件较弱的串行稳定性和并行稳定性的新判据．     

日本对虾人工越冬促熟及育苗技术的研究

本试验是利用海捕日本对虾，根据它的生活习性和生态特点，在室内水泥池内采用模仿自然条件，在不损害其生理机能的情况下，尽可能满足其性腺成熟所需要的生理生态条件的方法，即在自然水温下，采用弱光（在501X以内），雌雄比1：1，池底铺砂（铺砂面积占全面积的1/2，厚度为10～20cm）以及投喂新鲜牡蛎等进行人工越冬促熟。本试验，越冬的水温最低为14．2℃；比重为1．0215～1．0240；pH为8．0～8．5；亲虾越冬池为15m×2m×1m。其结果：越冬亲虾的存活率为85％；成熟率为74％；亲虾的产卵量为15×144～30×104粒；受精率为95％以上；孵化率为90％～95％。试验表明，不采用切除眼柄的方法，同样可达到日本对虾性腺成熟的目的；个体较大（20cm以上），其成熟率和存活率都较高，产卵量亦较多，因此应选用个体大的对虾进行越冬促熟，效果较好。本试验进行了日本对虾生产性育苗，其育苗工艺与其它虾种大同小异。育苗时，幼体的饵料应多样化；当变态进入Z2时，就兼投少量的刚孵出的卤虫幼体，能提高幼体的存活率。采用本方法进行越冬促熟，操作和管理方便，易于在生产上推广应用。     

全人工配合饵料投喂越冬亲虾试验

通过两年度的小试和生产性试验,从越冬亲虾入池至产卵过程全部投喂人工配合饵料,其成活率和性腺发育要好于投沙蚕、四角蛤的鲜活饵料组(对照组),生产性试验的产卵量、孵化率和幼体变态率优于对照组。试验用饵的成本比对照组低45.3％。     

Transport timescales for identifying seasonal variation in Bass Strait, south-eastern Australia

A three-dimensional σ-coordinate ocean model with realistic forcing is used to derive and compare flushing time, residence time and water age distributions in Bass Strait, a broad shallow shelf sea in south-eastern Australia which exhibits seasonal variation in water mass properties and circulation. Results illustrate flushing out of most old water occurs each winter–spring period and the circulation in summer increases age of remnant older water in the Strait. A correlation between water age and salinity is found in winter which is the result of advective “erosion” of the interior water mass. The presence of an area in the south-eastern part of the interior with low flushing is suggested to result from a number of physical factors including the presence of quasi-stationary eddies which entrain age, leading to relatively older water residing there.     

南海珠江口海区人工放射性核素~(90)Sr,~(173)Cs分布特征的研究

一、调查区域与分析方法 珠江口调查海区是指北起虎门、南至北纬22°00′,东起大亚湾、西至东经113°30′的海域。设水质调查站20个,表层沉积物调查站14个,采集了3个生物样品。并在8个珠江入海口门处设水质和表层沉积物调查站。     

CFC Indicating Renewal of the Japan Sea Deep Water in Winter 2000–2001

The distributions of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) in the water column was determined twice in 2000 and 2001 in the northwestern Japan Sea. In 2000 the CFC-11 concentration decreased almost exponentially with depth from 6 pmol/kg at a few hundred m deep to 0.3 pmol/kg or less at the bottom of about 3400 m depth at three stations (40–41°N, 132–133°E) about 300 km off Vladivostok. In 2001 the CFC-11 concentration increased sharply up to 2 pmol/kg in the bottom water, while it did not increase at a station (42.0°N, 136.5°E) about 450 km away to the northeast. This is due to the renewal of the bottom water which is replaced by the surface water flowing down along the continental slope, as suggested by Tsunogai et al. (1999), who proposed the continental shelf pump. Furthermore, an increase in the CFC-11 concentration was observed throughout the entire water column above 3000 m depth, although the proportion of the increase was about 20%, which was one order of magnitude smaller than that in the bottom water. The increase in inventory is almost four times larger than that in the bottom water below 3000 m depth which is equivalent to about 1/6 of the total inventory found in 2000. The increase also means that 3% of the deep water was replaced by the recent surface water, or, if the turnover occurs every year, that the turnover time of the deep water to be about 30 years. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Assessment of water exchange between a discharge region and the open sea – A comparison of different methodological concepts

Two different methods of estimating the water exchange through the Baltic coastal region of Laxemar have been used, consisting of particle trajectories and passive tracers. Water is traced from and to a small discharge region near the coast. The discharge material in this region is treated as zero-dimensional particles or tracers with neutral buoyancy. The real discharge material could be a leakage of radio-nuclides through the sea floor from an underground repository of nuclear waste.Water exchange rates between the discharge region and the model domain are estimated using both forward and backward trajectories as well as passive tracers. The Lagrangian trajectories can account for the time evolution of the water exchange while the tracers give one average age per model grid box. Water exchange times such as residence time, age and transient times have been calculated with trajectories but only the average age (AvA) for tracers. The trajectory calculations provide a more detailed time evolution than the tracers.On the other hand the tracers are integrated “on-line” simultaneously in the sea circulation model with the same time step while the Lagrangian trajectories are integrated “off-line” from the stored model velocities with its inherent temporal resolution, presently 1 h. The sub-grid turbulence is parameterised as the Laplacian diffusion for the passive tracers and with an extra stochastic velocity for trajectories. The importance of the parameterised sub-grid turbulence for the trajectories is estimated to give an extra diffusion of the same order as the Laplacian diffusion by comparing the Lagrangian dispersions with and without parameterisation. The results of the different methods are similar but depend on the chosen diffusivity coefficient with a slightly higher correlation between trajectories and tracers when integrated with a lower diffusivity coefficient.     

Wavelet and artificial neural network analyses of tide forecasting and supplement of tides around Taiwan and South China Sea

In multi-resolution analysis (MRA) by wavelet function Daubechies (db), we decompose the signal in two parts, the low and high-frequency contents. We remove the high-frequency content and reconstruct a new “de-noise” signal by using inverse wavelet transform. The calculation of tidal constituent phase-lags was made to determine the input and output data patterns used in building network structure of Artificial Neuron-Network (ANN) model. The “de-noise” signal was, then, used as the input data to improve the forecasting accuracy of the ANN model. The wavelet spectrum, conventional energy spectrum (fast Fourier transform, FFT), and harmonic analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of tidal data.Using only a very short-period data as a training data set in Artificial Neuron-Network Back-Propagate (ANN-BP) model, the developed ANN+Wavelet model can accurately predict or supply the missing tide data for a long period (1–5 years). The results also show that the concept of tidal constituent phase-lags can improve ANN model of tidal forecasting and data supplement. The addition of the wavelet analysis to ANN method can prominently improve the prediction quality.     

Near-shore swell estimation from a global wind-wave model: Spectral process,linear, and artificial neural network models

Estimation of swell conditions in coastal regions is important for a variety of public, government, and research applications. Driving a model of the near-shore wave transformation from an offshore global swell model such as NOAA WaveWatch3 is an economical means to arrive at swell size estimates at particular locations of interest. Recently, some work (e.g. Browne et al. [Browne, M., Strauss, D., Castelle, B., Blumenstein, M., Tomlinson, R., 2006. Local swell estimation and prediction from a global wind-wave model. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters 3 (4), 462–466.]) has examined an artificial neural network (ANN) based, empirical approach to wave estimation. Here, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of two data driven approaches to estimating waves near-shore (linear and ANN), and also contrast these with a more traditional spectral wave simulation model (SWAN). Performance was assessed on data gathered from a total of 17 near-shore locations, with heterogenous geography and bathymetry, around the continent of Australia over a 7 month period. It was found that the ANNs out-performed SWAN and the non-linear architecture consistently out-performed the linear method. Variability in performance and differential performance with regard to geographical location could largely be explained in terms of the underlying complexity of the local wave transformation.