矢量量化编码的码书设计研究

以矢量量化技术在图像压缩领域的应用作为研究目标，详细阐述了矢量量化码书生成技术，总结分析了现有典型的LBG算法，并针对LBG算法的不足，提出了改进的覆盖聚类算法，减少了计算复杂度，缩短了程序运行时间。通过理论推导和具体实现，证明了改进方法的可行性和有效性。     

SPOT数据反演地物辐射亮度和反射率的基础研究

以往用户对于SPOT卫星数据的应用主要针对其高空间分辨率的特性,但是因SPOT卫星传感器的波段数和波长范围有限,故利用SPOT数据进行定量遥感分析(如地物辐射亮度及反射率)的应用研究较少。然而,利用SPOT数据进行地物辐射亮度和反射率的测量也有其高空间分辨率的优势,可以更精细地分辨各类地物的细节,降低混合像元对于定标分析的影响,提高定量遥感分析的准确度。本文将就SPOT数据的辐射校正原理及其在反演地物辐射亮度和反射率方面的应用开展基础性研究,对于SPOT卫星数据的定标参数读取提供了相应的方法,选取了几种比较典型的地物进行数据分析,并利用Landsat-7数据作为参考,评价SPOT数据测量地物辐射参数的可靠性和应用效果。     

区域测震台网监测效能评估方法研究及应用

如何通过评价区域测震台网方式,改善与提高我国区域测震台网监测效能,是当前我们面临的一个新的课题。本文提出的一个省级区域测震台网监测效能评价体系基本思路是,通过建立台网监测效能评价子系统,引入动态统计,指标分析,目标评价,公众评判的综合分析与关联评价方法,探讨我国省级测震台网系统性能与台网运行,维护能力及资料产出、数据服务之间的相互关联。以安徽区域测震台网为例,检验区域台网监测效能评价体系的可行性与实效性。     

活动构造研究及其应用--谨以此文深切悼念先师陈国达院士

活动构造反映的是现代构造活动,与地震及多种地质灾害密切相关,是地震预测、减灾及城市和工程安全评价工作的重要基础,也是研究现代地球动力学的重要基础资料。断裂分段及其长度,滑动速率,同震位移,古地震及重复间隔,最近一次事件至今的离逝时间是活动构造的基本定量参数。立足于这些定量参数,可以进一步开展活动构造地震危险性和未来断裂错动量和构造变形量的评价,并进行现代构造运动学和动力学理论研究。     

应力波扰动下结构面的应力量化及强度表征

开挖利用和开发建设等人类工程活动,破坏了岩体原有的天然应力平衡状态,而结构面的存在进一步恶化了地质环境安全,所以,为了有效防治崩塌、滑坡等地质灾害的发生,有必要对扰动作用下结构面的应力状态和强度特性进行分析研究。将岩体所受扰动作用以应力形式量化,分析了扰动应力波在结构面中的传递过程并对其衰减特征进行了量化,同时建立了扰动作用下结构面应力分析模型。基于此,结合库仑-纳维叶准则,给出了扰动作用下结构面的强度分析准则,同时,实现了扰动作用对结构面强度的劣化效应分析并使用折减系数进行定量描述。该过程的实现为有效防治工程活动引起的地质灾害提供理论依据,给出了一种分析扰动作用下地质灾害诱发机制的新思路。     

Determining iron content in Mediterranean soils in partly vegetated areas,using spectral reflectance and imaging spectroscopy

The possibility of quantifying iron content in the topsoil of the slopes of the El Hacho Mountain complex in Southern Spain using imaging spectroscopy is investigated. Laboratory, field and airborne spectrometer (ROSIS) data are acquired, in combination with soil samples, which are analysed for dithionite extractable iron (Fe_d) content. Analysis of the properties of two iron related absorption features present in laboratory spectra demonstrates good relations, especially between the standard deviation (S.D.) of the values in an absorption feature and the Fe_d content (R² = 0.67) as well as the ratio based Redness Index (R² = 0.51). Such derived relations are less strong for the ROSIS data (R² for S.D. = 0.26 and R² for Redness Index = 0.22). The spatial distribution of iron in vegetated areas shows a strong sensitivity of these relations with the presence of vegetation. A combination of both methods shows that the overestimation of the Fe_d content with the one method is (partly) compensated by the underestimation with the other method.     

中国中寒武世岩相古地理

本文是《中国早寒武世岩相古地理》的继续。本文的基础是笔者等的华北地区、华南地区和西北地区寒武纪和奥陶纪定量岩相古地理研究及编图的成果。定量,即每个古地理单元的划分都有确切的定量资料和定量图件为依据。在此基础上,结合其他地区的地质资料,主要是蒙兴地区、西藏地区、海南岛地区和台湾地区的地质资料,全面分析,综合判断,编制出了中国中寒武世岩相古地理图并撰写出本文。因此,在本文中,华北、华南和西北地区的岩相古地理图及其文字论述是定量的和比较精细的,其他地区的图件和论述则是定性的和概略性的。在中国中寒武世,早寒武世的“两槽和三台相间分布”的古地理格局仍未改变。两槽即天山北山蒙辽吉槽地和昆仑秦岭槽地,三台即准噶尔蒙兴台地、塔里木柴达木华北台地和西藏华南台地。这5个古地理单元的范围与早寒武世的基本相同,但他们的次级古地理单元的特征却与早寒武世的有所不同或大不相同。     

Subaerial river bank erosion processes and their interaction with other bank erosion mechanisms on the River Arrow,Warwickshire, UK

River bank erosion occurs primarily through a combination of three mechanisms: mass failure, fluvial entrainment, and subaerial weakening and weathering. Subaerial processes are often viewed as ‘preparatory’ processes, weakening the bank face prior to fluvial erosion. Within a river basin downstream process ‘domains’ occur, with subaerial processes dominating the upper reaches, fluvial erosion the middle, and mass failure the lower reaches of a river. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that (a) subaerial processes may be underestimated as an erosive agent, and (b) process dominance has a temporal, as well as spatial, aspect. Bank erosion on the River Arrow, Warwickshire, UK, was monitored for 16 months (December 1996 to March 1998) using erosion pins. Variations in the rate and aerial extent of erosion are considered with reference to meteorological data. Throughout the first 15 months all erosion recorded was subaerial, resulting in up to 181 mm a^?1 of bank retreat, compared with 13 to 27 mm a^?1 reported by previous researchers. While the role of subaerial processes as ‘preparatory’ is not contended, it is suggested that such processes can also be erosive. The three bank erosion mechanisms operate at different levels of magnitude and frequency, and the River Arrow data demonstrate this. Thus the concept of process dominance has a temporal, as well as spatial aspect, particularly over the short time‐periods often used for studying processes in the field. Perception of the relative efficacy of each erosive mechanism will therefore be influenced by the temporal scale at which the bank is considered. With the advent of global climate change, both these magnitude–frequency characteristics and the consequent interaction of bank erosion mechanisms may alter. It is therefore likely that recognition of this temporal aspect of process dominance will become increasingly important to studies of bank erosion processes. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油气化探荧光指标量化方法初探

选择适当的芳烃标准物质,采用标准曲线法,对油气化探样品荧光光谱测试中320nm,360nm,405nm波长处的荧光强度指标进行量化处理,把相对荧光强度转换为某标准物质的浓度值,从而改进了该测试技术并使油气化探荧光指标具有了传递性、可比性。     

矿床地球化学模型的建立及其找矿效果探讨——以团结沟金矿为例

当今矿床学研究中的热点问题之一是矿床模型研究。矿床建模的理论与方法,矿床模型的定量化是目前矿床模型研究中亟待解决和完善的问题。从典型矿床研究入手,首先建立易于实现定量化的矿床地球化学模型,将有助于打破矿床模型研究的僵局。团结沟金矿床地球化学模型的建立是一个初步尝试。矿床地球化学模型能迅速转化为找矿模型,为找矿预测提供简捷有效的途径。